Groovy example source code file (AstNodeToScriptAdapter.groovy)

This example Groovy source code file (AstNodeToScriptAdapter.groovy) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" ^TM.

Java - Groovy tags/keywords

astnodetoscriptvisitor, astnodetoscriptvisitor, constantexpression, expression, expression, file, fix, groovycodesource, override, override, reflection, string, string, unable, variableexpression

The Groovy AstNodeToScriptAdapter.groovy source code

/*
 * Copyright 2003-2011 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package groovy.inspect.swingui


import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.*
import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.expr.*
import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.stmt.*
import org.codehaus.groovy.classgen.BytecodeExpression
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilePhase
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationUnit
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilerConfiguration
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationFailedException
import org.codehaus.groovy.classgen.GeneratorContext
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.SourceUnit
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilationUnit.PrimaryClassNodeOperation

/**
 * This class takes Groovy source code, compiles it to a specific compile phase, and then decompiles it
 * back to the groovy source. It is used by GroovyConsole's AST Browser, but can also be invoked from
 * the command line.
 *
 * @author Hamlet D'Arcy
 */
public class AstNodeToScriptAdapter  {

    /**
     * Run this class as a script to compile a groovy file and print out the resulting source.
     * @param args
     *      a filename to compile and a CompilePhase to run to
     */
    public static void main(args) {

        if (!args || args.length < 2) {
            println """
Usage: java groovy.inspect.swingui.AstNodeToScriptAdapter [filename] [compilephase]
where [filename] is a Groovy script
and [compilephase] is a valid Integer based org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilePhase"""
        } else {
            def file = new File((String) args[0])
            def phase = CompilePhase.fromPhaseNumber(args[1] as int)
            if (!file.exists()) {
                println "File ${args[0]} cannot be found."
            } else if (phase == null) {
                println "Compile phase ${args[1]} cannot be mapped to a org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilePhase."
            } else {
                println new AstNodeToScriptAdapter().compileToScript(file.text, phase.getPhaseNumber())
            }
        }
    }

    /**
    * This method takes source code, compiles it, then reverses it back to source. 
    * @param script
    *    the source code to be compiled. If invalid, a compile error occurs
    * @param compilePhase
    *    the CompilePhase. Must be an int mapped in @{link CompilePhase}
    * @param classLoader
    *    (optional) the classloader to use. If missing/null then the current is used.    
    *    This parameter enables things like ASTBrowser to invoke this with the correct classpath
    * @param showScriptFreeForm
    *    Whether or not to show the script portion of the source code
    * @param showScriptClass
    *    Whether or not to show the Script class from the source code
    * @returns the source code from the AST state
    */
    public String compileToScript(String script, int compilePhase, ClassLoader classLoader = null, boolean showScriptFreeForm = true, boolean showScriptClass = true) {

        def writer = new StringWriter()

        classLoader = classLoader ?: new GroovyClassLoader(getClass().classLoader)

        def scriptName = "script" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".groovy"
        GroovyCodeSource codeSource = new GroovyCodeSource(script, scriptName, "/groovy/script")
        CompilationUnit cu = new CompilationUnit(CompilerConfiguration.DEFAULT, codeSource.codeSource, classLoader)
        cu.addPhaseOperation(new AstNodeToScriptVisitor(writer, showScriptFreeForm, showScriptClass), compilePhase)
        cu.addSource(codeSource.getName(), script);
        try {
            cu.compile(compilePhase)
        } catch (CompilationFailedException cfe) {

            writer.println "Unable to produce AST for this phase due to earlier compilation error:"
            cfe.message.eachLine {
                writer.println it
            }
            writer.println "Fix the above error(s) and then press Refresh"
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            writer.println "Unable to produce AST for this phase due to an error:"
            writer.println t.getMessage()
            writer.println "Fix the above error(s) and then press Refresh"
        }
        return writer.toString()
    }
}

/**
 * An adapter from ASTNode tree to source code.
 *
 * @author Hamlet D'Arcy
 */
class AstNodeToScriptVisitor extends PrimaryClassNodeOperation implements GroovyCodeVisitor, GroovyClassVisitor {

    private Writer _out
    Stack<String> classNameStack = new Stack();
    String _indent = ""
    boolean readyToIndent = true
    boolean showScriptFreeForm
    boolean showScriptClass
    boolean scriptHasBeenVisited

    def AstNodeToScriptVisitor(Writer writer, boolean showScriptFreeForm = true, boolean showScriptClass = true) {
        this._out = writer;
        this.showScriptFreeForm = showScriptFreeForm
        this.showScriptClass = showScriptClass
        this.scriptHasBeenVisited = false
    }

    void call(SourceUnit source, GeneratorContext context, ClassNode classNode) {

        visitPackage(source?.getAST()?.getPackage())

        visitAllImports(source)

        if (showScriptFreeForm && !scriptHasBeenVisited) {
            scriptHasBeenVisited = true
            source?.getAST()?.getStatementBlock()?.visit(this)
        }
        if (showScriptClass || !classNode.isScript()) {
            visitClass classNode
        }
    }

    private def visitAllImports(SourceUnit source) {
        boolean staticImportsPresent = false
        boolean importsPresent = false

        source?.getAST()?.getStaticImports()?.values()?.each {
            visitImport(it)
            staticImportsPresent = true
        }
        source?.getAST()?.getStaticStarImports()?.values()?.each {
            visitImport(it)
            staticImportsPresent = true
        }

        if (staticImportsPresent) {
            printDoubleBreak()
        }

        source?.getAST()?.getImports()?.each {
            visitImport(it)
            importsPresent = true
        }
        source?.getAST()?.getStarImports()?.each {
            visitImport(it)
            importsPresent = true
        }
        if (importsPresent) {
            printDoubleBreak()
        }
    }


    void print(parameter) {
        def output = parameter.toString()

        if (readyToIndent) {
            _out.print _indent
            readyToIndent = false
            while (output.startsWith(' ')) {
                output = output[1..-1]  // trim left
            }
        }
        if (_out.toString().endsWith(' ')) {
            if (output.startsWith(' ')) {
                output = output[1..-1]
            }
        }
        _out.print output
    }

    def println(parameter) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException('Wrong API')
    }

    def indented(Closure block) {
        String startingIndent = _indent
        _indent = _indent + "    "
        block()
        _indent = startingIndent
    }

    def printLineBreak() {
        if (!_out.toString().endsWith('\n')) {
            _out.print '\n'
        }
        readyToIndent = true
    }

    def printDoubleBreak() {
        if (_out.toString().endsWith('\n\n')) {
            // do nothing
        } else if (_out.toString().endsWith('\n')) {
            _out.print '\n'
        } else {
            _out.print '\n'
            _out.print '\n'
        }
        readyToIndent = true
    }

    void visitPackage(PackageNode packageNode) {

        if (packageNode) {

            packageNode.annotations?.each {
                visitAnnotationNode(it)
                printLineBreak()
            }

            if (packageNode.text.endsWith(".")) {
                print packageNode.text[0..-2]
            } else {
                print packageNode.text
            }
            printDoubleBreak()
        }
    }

    void visitImport(ImportNode node) {
        if (node) {
            node.annotations?.each {
                visitAnnotationNode(it)
                printLineBreak()
            }
            print node.text
            printLineBreak()
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitClass(ClassNode node) {

        classNameStack.push(node.name)

        node?.annotations?.each {
            visitAnnotationNode(it)
            printLineBreak()
        }

        visitModifiers(node.modifiers)
        print "class $node.name"
        visitGenerics node?.genericsTypes
        boolean first = true
        node.interfaces?.each {
            if (!first) {
                print ', '
            } else {
                print ' implements '
            }
            first = false
            visitType it
        }
        print ' extends '
        visitType node.superClass
        print " { "
        printDoubleBreak()

        indented {
            node?.properties?.each { visitProperty(it) }
            printLineBreak()
            node?.fields?.each { visitField(it) }
            printDoubleBreak()
            node?.declaredConstructors?.each { visitConstructor(it) }
            printLineBreak()
            node?.methods?.each { visitMethod(it) }
        }
        print '}'
        printLineBreak()
        classNameStack.pop()
    }

    private void visitGenerics(GenericsType[] generics) {

        if (generics) {
            print '<'
            boolean first = true
            generics.each { GenericsType it ->
                if (!first) {
                    print ', '
                }
                first = false
                print it.name
                if (it.upperBounds) {
                    print ' extends '
                    boolean innerFirst = true
                    it.upperBounds.each { ClassNode upperBound ->
                        if (!innerFirst) {
                            print ' & '
                        }
                        innerFirst = false
                        visitType upperBound
                    }
                }
                if (it.lowerBound) {
                    print ' super '
                    visitType it.lowerBound
                }
            }
            print '>'
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitConstructor(ConstructorNode node) {
        visitMethod(node)
    }

    private String visitParameters(parameters) {
        boolean first = true

        parameters.each { Parameter it ->
            if (!first) {
                print ', '
            }
            first = false

            it.annotations?.each {
                visitAnnotationNode(it)
                print(' ')
            }

            visitModifiers(it.modifiers)
            visitType it.type
            print ' ' + it.name
            if (it.initialExpression && !(it.initialExpression instanceof EmptyExpression)) {
                print ' = '
                it.initialExpression.visit this
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMethod(MethodNode node) {
        node?.annotations?.each {
            visitAnnotationNode(it)
            printLineBreak()
        }

        visitModifiers(node.modifiers)
        if (node.name == '<init>') {
            print "${classNameStack.peek()}("
            visitParameters(node.parameters)
            print ") {"
            printLineBreak()
        } else if (node.name == '<clinit>') {
            print 'static { '
            printLineBreak()
        } else {
            visitType node.returnType
            print " $node.name("
            visitParameters(node.parameters)
            print ")"
            if (node.exceptions) {
                boolean first = true
                print ' throws '
                node.exceptions.each {
                    if (!first) {
                        print ', '
                    }
                    first = false
                    visitType it
                }
            }
            print " {"
            printLineBreak()
        }

        indented {
            node?.code?.visit(this)
        }
        printLineBreak()
        print '}'
        printDoubleBreak()
    }

    private def visitModifiers(int modifiers) {
        if (Modifier.isAbstract(modifiers)) {
            print 'abstract '
        }
        if (Modifier.isFinal(modifiers)) {
            print 'final '
        }
        if (Modifier.isInterface(modifiers)) {
            print 'interface '
        }
        if (Modifier.isNative(modifiers)) {
            print 'native '
        }
        if (Modifier.isPrivate(modifiers)) {
            print 'private '
        }
        if (Modifier.isProtected(modifiers)) {
            print 'protected '
        }
        if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers)) {
            print 'public '
        }
        if (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
            print 'static '
        }
        if (Modifier.isSynchronized(modifiers)) {
            print 'synchronized '
        }
        if (Modifier.isTransient(modifiers)) {
            print 'transient '
        }
        if (Modifier.isVolatile(modifiers)) {
            print 'volatile '
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitField(FieldNode node) {
        node?.annotations?.each {
            visitAnnotationNode(it)
            printLineBreak()
        }
        visitModifiers(node.modifiers)
        visitType node.type
        print " $node.name "
        // do not print initial expression, as this is executed as part of the constructor.
        printLineBreak()
    }

    public void visitAnnotationNode(AnnotationNode node) {
        print '@' + node?.classNode?.name
        if (node?.members) {
            print '('
            boolean first = true
            node.members.each { String name, Expression value ->
                if (first) {
                    first = false
                } else {
                    print ', '
                }
                print name + ' = '
                value.visit(this)
            }
            print ')'
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void visitProperty(PropertyNode node) {
        // is a FieldNode, avoid double dispatch
    }

    @Override
    public void visitBlockStatement(BlockStatement block) {
        block?.statements?.each {
            it.visit(this);
            printLineBreak()
        }
        if (!_out.toString().endsWith('\n')) {
            printLineBreak()
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitForLoop(ForStatement statement) {

        print 'for ('
        if (statement?.variable != ForStatement.FOR_LOOP_DUMMY) {
            visitParameters([statement.variable])
            print ' : '
        }

        if (statement?.collectionExpression instanceof ListExpression) {
            statement?.collectionExpression?.visit this
        } else {
            statement?.collectionExpression?.visit this
        }
        print ') {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.loopBlock?.visit this
        }
        print '}'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitIfElse(IfStatement ifElse) {
        print 'if ('
        ifElse?.booleanExpression?.visit this
        print ') {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            ifElse?.ifBlock?.visit this
        }
        printLineBreak()
        if (ifElse?.elseBlock && !(ifElse.elseBlock instanceof EmptyStatement)) {
            print "} else {"
            printLineBreak()
            indented {
                ifElse?.elseBlock?.visit this
            }
            printLineBreak()
        }
        print '}'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitExpressionStatement(ExpressionStatement statement) {
        statement.expression.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitReturnStatement(ReturnStatement statement) {
        printLineBreak()
        print "return "
        statement.getExpression().visit(this);
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitSwitch(SwitchStatement statement) {
        print 'switch ('
        statement?.expression?.visit this
        print ') {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.caseStatements?.each {
                visitCaseStatement it
            }
            if (statement?.defaultStatement) {
                print 'default: '
                printLineBreak()
                statement?.defaultStatement?.visit this
            }
        }
        print '}'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitCaseStatement(CaseStatement statement) {
        print 'case '
        statement?.expression?.visit this
        print ':'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.code?.visit this
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitBreakStatement(BreakStatement statement) {
        print 'break'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitContinueStatement(ContinueStatement statement) {
        print 'continue'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMethodCallExpression(MethodCallExpression expression) {

        Expression objectExp = expression.getObjectExpression()
        if (objectExp instanceof VariableExpression) {
            visitVariableExpression(objectExp, false)
        } else {
            objectExp.visit(this);
        }
        if (expression.spreadSafe) {
            print '*'
        }
        if (expression.safe) {
            print '?'
        }
        print '.'
        Expression method = expression.getMethod()
        if (method instanceof ConstantExpression) {
            visitConstantExpression(method, true)
        } else {
            method.visit(this);
        }
        expression.getArguments().visit(this)
    }

    @Override
    public void visitStaticMethodCallExpression(StaticMethodCallExpression expression) {
        print expression?.ownerType?.name + "." + expression?.method
        if (expression?.arguments instanceof VariableExpression) {
            print '('
            expression?.arguments?.visit this
            print ')'            
        } else {
            expression?.arguments?.visit this
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitConstructorCallExpression(ConstructorCallExpression expression) {
        if (expression?.isSuperCall()) {
            print 'super'
        } else if (expression?.isThisCall()) {
            print 'this '
        } else {
            print 'new '
            visitType expression?.type
        }
        expression?.arguments?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpression expression) {
        expression?.leftExpression?.visit this
        print " $expression.operation.text "
        expression.rightExpression.visit this

        if (expression?.operation?.text == '[') {
            print ']'
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitPostfixExpression(PostfixExpression expression) {
        print '('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ')'
        print expression?.operation?.text
    }

    @Override
    public void visitPrefixExpression(PrefixExpression expression) {
        print expression?.operation?.text
        print '('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ')'
    }


    @Override
    public void visitClosureExpression(ClosureExpression expression) {
        print '{ '
        if (expression?.parameters) {
            visitParameters(expression?.parameters)
            print ' ->'
        }
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            expression?.code?.visit this
        }
        print '}'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitTupleExpression(TupleExpression expression) {
        print '('
        visitExpressionsAndCommaSeparate(expression?.expressions)
        print ')'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitRangeExpression(RangeExpression expression) {
        print '('
        expression?.from?.visit this
        print '..'
        expression?.to?.visit this
        print ')'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitPropertyExpression(PropertyExpression expression) {
        expression?.objectExpression?.visit this
        if (expression?.spreadSafe) {
            print '*'
        } else if (expression?.isSafe()) {
            print '?'
        }
        print '.'
        if (expression?.property instanceof ConstantExpression) {
            visitConstantExpression(expression?.property, true)
        } else {
            expression?.property?.visit this
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitAttributeExpression(AttributeExpression attributeExpression) {
        visitPropertyExpression attributeExpression
    }

    @Override
    public void visitFieldExpression(FieldExpression expression) {
        print expression?.field?.name
    }

    @Override
    public void visitConstantExpression(ConstantExpression expression, boolean unwrapQuotes = false) {
        if (expression.value instanceof String && !unwrapQuotes) {
            // string reverse escaping is very naive
            def escaped = ((String) expression.value).replaceAll('\n', '\\\\n').replaceAll("'", "\\\\'")
            print "'$escaped'"
        } else {
            print expression.value
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitClassExpression(ClassExpression expression) {
        print expression.text
    }

    @Override
    public void visitVariableExpression(VariableExpression expression, boolean spacePad = true) {

        if (spacePad) {
            print ' ' + expression.name + ' '
        } else {
            print expression.name
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitDeclarationExpression(DeclarationExpression expression) {
        // handle multiple assignment expressions
        if (expression?.leftExpression instanceof ArgumentListExpression) {
            print 'def '
            visitArgumentlistExpression expression?.leftExpression, true
            print " $expression.operation.text "
            expression.rightExpression.visit this

            if (expression?.operation?.text == '[') {
                print ']'
            }
        } else {
            visitType expression?.leftExpression?.type
            visitBinaryExpression expression // is a BinaryExpression
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitGStringExpression(GStringExpression expression) {
        print '"' + expression.text + '"'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitSpreadExpression(SpreadExpression expression) {
        print '*'
        expression?.expression?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitNotExpression(NotExpression expression) {
        print '!('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ')'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitUnaryMinusExpression(UnaryMinusExpression expression) {
        print '-('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ')'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitUnaryPlusExpression(UnaryPlusExpression expression) {
        print '+('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ')'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitCastExpression(CastExpression expression) {
        print '(('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ') as '
        visitType(expression?.type)
        print ')'

    }

    /**
     * Prints out the type, safely handling arrays.
     * @param classNode
     *      classnode
     */
    public void visitType(ClassNode classNode) {
        def name = classNode.name
        if (name =~ /^\[+L/ && name.endsWith(";")) {
            int numDimensions = name.indexOf('L')
            print "${classNode.name[(numDimensions + 1)..-2]}" + ('[]' * numDimensions)
        } else {
            print name
        }
        visitGenerics classNode?.genericsTypes
    }

    @Override
    public void visitArgumentlistExpression(ArgumentListExpression expression, boolean showTypes = false) {
        print '('
        int count = expression?.expressions?.size()
        expression.expressions.each {
            if (showTypes) {
                visitType it.type
                print ' '
            }
            if (it instanceof VariableExpression) {
                visitVariableExpression it, false
            } else if (it instanceof ConstantExpression) {
                visitConstantExpression it, false
            } else {
                it.visit this
            }
            count--
            if (count) print ', '
        }
        print ')'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitBytecodeExpression(BytecodeExpression expression) {
        print "/*BytecodeExpression*/"
        printLineBreak()
    }



    @Override
    public void visitMapExpression(MapExpression expression) {
        print '['
        visitExpressionsAndCommaSeparate(expression?.mapEntryExpressions)
        print ']'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMapEntryExpression(MapEntryExpression expression) {
        if (expression?.keyExpression instanceof SpreadMapExpression) {
            print '*'            // is this correct? 
        } else {
            expression?.keyExpression?.visit this
        }
        print ': '
        expression?.valueExpression?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitListExpression(ListExpression expression) {
        print '['
        visitExpressionsAndCommaSeparate(expression?.expressions)
        print ']'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitTryCatchFinally(TryCatchStatement statement) {
        print 'try {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.tryStatement?.visit this
        }
        printLineBreak()
        print '} '
        printLineBreak()
        statement?.catchStatements?.each { CatchStatement catchStatement ->
            visitCatchStatement(catchStatement)
        }
        print 'finally { '
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.finallyStatement?.visit this
        }
        print '} '
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitThrowStatement(ThrowStatement statement) {
        print 'throw '
        statement?.expression?.visit this
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitSynchronizedStatement(SynchronizedStatement statement) {
        print 'synchronized ('
        statement?.expression?.visit this
        print ') {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.code?.visit this
        }
        print '}'
    }

    @Override
    public void visitTernaryExpression(TernaryExpression expression) {
        expression?.booleanExpression?.visit this
        print ' ? '
        expression?.trueExpression?.visit this
        print ' : '
        expression?.falseExpression?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitShortTernaryExpression(ElvisOperatorExpression expression) {
        visitTernaryExpression(expression)
    }

    @Override
    public void visitBooleanExpression(BooleanExpression expression) {
        expression?.expression?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitWhileLoop(WhileStatement statement) {
        print 'while ('
        statement?.booleanExpression?.visit this
        print ') {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.loopBlock?.visit this
        }
        printLineBreak()
        print '}'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitDoWhileLoop(DoWhileStatement statement) {
        print 'do {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement?.loopBlock?.visit this
        }
        print '} while ('
        statement?.booleanExpression?.visit this
        print ')'
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitCatchStatement(CatchStatement statement) {
        print 'catch ('
        visitParameters([statement.variable])
        print ') {'
        printLineBreak()
        indented {
            statement.code?.visit this
        }
        print '} '
        printLineBreak()
    }

    @Override
    public void visitBitwiseNegationExpression(BitwiseNegationExpression expression) {
        print '~('
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print ') '
    }


    @Override
    public void visitAssertStatement(AssertStatement statement) {
        print 'assert '
        statement?.booleanExpression?.visit this
        print ' : '
        statement?.messageExpression?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitClosureListExpression(ClosureListExpression expression) {
        boolean first = true
        expression?.expressions?.each {
            if (!first) {
                print ';'
            }
            first = false
            it.visit this
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitMethodPointerExpression(MethodPointerExpression expression) {
        expression?.expression?.visit this
        print '.&'
        expression?.methodName?.visit this
    }

    @Override
    public void visitArrayExpression(ArrayExpression expression) {
        print 'new '
        visitType expression?.elementType
        print '['
        visitExpressionsAndCommaSeparate(expression?.sizeExpression)
        print ']'
    }

    private void visitExpressionsAndCommaSeparate(List<? super Expression> expressions) {
        boolean first = true
        expressions?.each {
            if (!first) {
                print ', '
            }
            first = false
            it.visit this
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void visitSpreadMapExpression(SpreadMapExpression expression) {
        print '*:'
        expression?.expression?.visit this
    }
}