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Groovy example source code file (BytecodeHelper.java)

This example Groovy source code file (BytecodeHelper.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Java - Groovy tags/keywords

checkcast, class, classnode, classnode, d, dtt_classname, genericstype, genericstype, label, string, string, stringbuffer, stringbuffer, z

The Groovy BytecodeHelper.java source code

/*
 * Copyright 2003-2007 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codehaus.groovy.classgen.asm;

import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.*;
import org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache;
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.typehandling.DefaultTypeTransformation;
import org.objectweb.asm.Label;
import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;

/**
 * A helper class for bytecode generation with AsmClassGenerator.
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:james@coredevelopers.net">James Strachan
 * @author <a href="mailto:b55r@sina.com">Bing Ran
 * @author <a href="mailto:blackdrag@gmx.org">Jochen Theodorou
 * @version $Revision: 21223 $
 */
public class BytecodeHelper implements Opcodes {
    
    private static String DTT_CLASSNAME = BytecodeHelper.getClassInternalName(DefaultTypeTransformation.class.getName());

    public static String getClassInternalName(ClassNode t) {
        if (t.isPrimaryClassNode()) {
            return getClassInternalName(t.getName());
        }
        return getClassInternalName(t.getTypeClass());
    }

    public static String getClassInternalName(Class t) {
        return org.objectweb.asm.Type.getInternalName(t);
    }

    /**
     * @return the ASM internal name of the type
     */
    public static String getClassInternalName(String name) {
        return name.replace('.', '/');
    }

    public static String getMethodDescriptor(ClassNode returnType, Parameter[] parameters) {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("(");
        for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
            buffer.append(getTypeDescription(parameters[i].getType()));
        }
        buffer.append(")");
        buffer.append(getTypeDescription(returnType));
        return buffer.toString();
    }
    
    /**
     * @return the ASM method type descriptor
     */
    public static String getMethodDescriptor(Class returnType, Class[] paramTypes) {
        // lets avoid class loading
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("(");
        for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
            buffer.append(getTypeDescription(paramTypes[i]));
        }
        buffer.append(")");
        buffer.append(getTypeDescription(returnType));
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    public static String getTypeDescription(Class c) {
        return org.objectweb.asm.Type.getDescriptor(c);
    }

    /**
     * array types are special:
     * eg.: String[]: classname: [Ljava.lang.String;
     * Object:   classname: java.lang.Object
     * int[] :   classname: [I
     * unlike getTypeDescription '.' is not replaced by '/'.
     * it seems that makes problems for
     * the class loading if '.' is replaced by '/'
     *
     * @return the ASM type description for class loading
     */
    public static String getClassLoadingTypeDescription(ClassNode c) {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        boolean array = false;
        while (true) {
            if (c.isArray()) {
                buf.append('[');
                c = c.getComponentType();
                array = true;
            } else {
                if (ClassHelper.isPrimitiveType(c)) {
                    buf.append(getTypeDescription(c));
                } else {
                    if (array) buf.append('L');
                    buf.append(c.getName());
                    if (array) buf.append(';');
                }
                return buf.toString();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * array types are special:
     * eg.: String[]: classname: [Ljava/lang/String;
     * int[]: [I
     *
     * @return the ASM type description
     */
    public static String getTypeDescription(ClassNode c) {
        return getTypeDescription(c, true);
    }

    /**
     * array types are special:
     * eg.: String[]: classname: [Ljava/lang/String;
     * int[]: [I
     *
     * @return the ASM type description
     */
    private static String getTypeDescription(ClassNode c, boolean end) {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        ClassNode d = c;
        while (true) {
            if (ClassHelper.isPrimitiveType(d)) {
                char car;
                if (d == ClassHelper.int_TYPE) {
                    car = 'I';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.VOID_TYPE) {
                    car = 'V';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.boolean_TYPE) {
                    car = 'Z';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.byte_TYPE) {
                    car = 'B';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.char_TYPE) {
                    car = 'C';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.short_TYPE) {
                    car = 'S';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.double_TYPE) {
                    car = 'D';
                } else if (d == ClassHelper.float_TYPE) {
                    car = 'F';
                } else /* long */ {
                    car = 'J';
                }
                buf.append(car);
                return buf.toString();
            } else if (d.isArray()) {
                buf.append('[');
                d = d.getComponentType();
            } else {
                buf.append('L');
                String name = d.getName();
                int len = name.length();
                for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                    char car = name.charAt(i);
                    buf.append(car == '.' ? '/' : car);
                }
                if (end) buf.append(';');
                return buf.toString();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return an array of ASM internal names of the type
     */
    public static String[] getClassInternalNames(ClassNode[] names) {
        int size = names.length;
        String[] answer = new String[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            answer[i] = getClassInternalName(names[i]);
        }
        return answer;
    }

    public static void pushConstant(MethodVisitor mv, int value) {
        switch (value) {
            case 0:
                mv.visitInsn(ICONST_0);
                break;
            case 1:
                mv.visitInsn(ICONST_1);
                break;
            case 2:
                mv.visitInsn(ICONST_2);
                break;
            case 3:
                mv.visitInsn(ICONST_3);
                break;
            case 4:
                mv.visitInsn(ICONST_4);
                break;
            case 5:
                mv.visitInsn(ICONST_5);
                break;
            default:
                if (value >= Byte.MIN_VALUE && value <= Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
                    mv.visitIntInsn(BIPUSH, value);
                } else if (value >= Short.MIN_VALUE && value <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
                    mv.visitIntInsn(SIPUSH, value);
                } else {
                    mv.visitLdcInsn(Integer.valueOf(value));
                }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * negate a boolean on stack. true->false, false->true
     */
    public static void negateBoolean(MethodVisitor mv) {
        // code to negate the primitive boolean
        Label endLabel = new Label();
        Label falseLabel = new Label();
        mv.visitJumpInsn(IFNE, falseLabel);
        mv.visitInsn(ICONST_1);
        mv.visitJumpInsn(GOTO, endLabel);
        mv.visitLabel(falseLabel);
        mv.visitInsn(ICONST_0);
        mv.visitLabel(endLabel);
    }

    /**
     * load a message on the stack and remove it right away. Good for put a mark in the generated bytecode for debugging purpose.
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    /*public void mark(String msg) {
        mv.visitLdcInsn(msg);
        mv.visitInsn(POP);
    }*/

    /**
     * returns a name that Class.forName() can take. Notably for arrays:
     * [I, [Ljava.lang.String; etc
     * Regular object type:  java.lang.String
     *
     * @param name
     */
    public static String formatNameForClassLoading(String name) {
        if (name.equals("int")
                || name.equals("long")
                || name.equals("short")
                || name.equals("float")
                || name.equals("double")
                || name.equals("byte")
                || name.equals("char")
                || name.equals("boolean")
                || name.equals("void")
                ) {
            return name;
        }

        if (name == null) {
            return "java.lang.Object;";
        }

        if (name.startsWith("[")) {
            return name.replace('/', '.');
        }

        if (name.startsWith("L")) {
            name = name.substring(1);
            if (name.endsWith(";")) {
                name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 1);
            }
            return name.replace('/', '.');
        }

        String prefix = "";
        if (name.endsWith("[]")) { // todo need process multi
            prefix = "[";
            name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 2);
            if (name.equals("int")) {
                return prefix + "I";
            } else if (name.equals("long")) {
                return prefix + "J";
            } else if (name.equals("short")) {
                return prefix + "S";
            } else if (name.equals("float")) {
                return prefix + "F";
            } else if (name.equals("double")) {
                return prefix + "D";
            } else if (name.equals("byte")) {
                return prefix + "B";
            } else if (name.equals("char")) {
                return prefix + "C";
            } else if (name.equals("boolean")) {
                return prefix + "Z";
            } else {
                return prefix + "L" + name.replace('/', '.') + ";";
            }
        }
        return name.replace('/', '.');

    }

    /*public void dup() {
        mv.visitInsn(DUP);
    }*/

    public static void doReturn(MethodVisitor mv, ClassNode returnType) {
        if (returnType == ClassHelper.double_TYPE) {
            mv.visitInsn(DRETURN);
        } else if (returnType == ClassHelper.float_TYPE) {
            mv.visitInsn(FRETURN);
        } else if (returnType == ClassHelper.long_TYPE) {
            mv.visitInsn(LRETURN);
        } else if (
                returnType == ClassHelper.boolean_TYPE
                        || returnType == ClassHelper.char_TYPE
                        || returnType == ClassHelper.byte_TYPE
                        || returnType == ClassHelper.int_TYPE
                        || returnType == ClassHelper.short_TYPE) {
            //byte,short,boolean,int are all IRETURN
            mv.visitInsn(IRETURN);
        } else if (returnType == ClassHelper.VOID_TYPE) {
            mv.visitInsn(RETURN);
        } else {
            mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);
        }

    }

    private static boolean hasGenerics(Parameter[] param) {
        if (param.length == 0) return false;
        for (int i = 0; i < param.length; i++) {
            ClassNode type = param[i].getType();
            if (hasGenerics(type)) return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    private static boolean hasGenerics(ClassNode type) {
        return type.isArray() ? hasGenerics(type.getComponentType()) : type.getGenericsTypes() != null;
    }

    public static String getGenericsMethodSignature(MethodNode node) {
        GenericsType[] generics = node.getGenericsTypes();
        Parameter[] param = node.getParameters();
        ClassNode returnType = node.getReturnType();

        if (generics == null && !hasGenerics(param) && !hasGenerics(returnType)) return null;

        StringBuffer ret = new StringBuffer(100);
        getGenericsTypeSpec(ret, generics);

        GenericsType[] paramTypes = new GenericsType[param.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < param.length; i++) {
            ClassNode pType = param[i].getType();
            if (pType.getGenericsTypes() == null || !pType.isGenericsPlaceHolder()) {
                paramTypes[i] = new GenericsType(pType);
            } else {
                paramTypes[i] = pType.getGenericsTypes()[0];
            }
        }
        addSubTypes(ret, paramTypes, "(", ")");
        addSubTypes(ret, new GenericsType[]{new GenericsType(returnType)}, "", "");
        return ret.toString();
    }

    private static boolean usesGenericsInClassSignature(ClassNode node) {
        if (!node.isUsingGenerics()) return false;
        if (hasGenerics(node)) return true;
        ClassNode sclass = node.getUnresolvedSuperClass(false);
        if (sclass.isUsingGenerics()) return true;
        ClassNode[] interfaces = node.getInterfaces();
        if (interfaces != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
                if (interfaces[i].isUsingGenerics()) return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    public static String getGenericsSignature(ClassNode node) {
        if (!usesGenericsInClassSignature(node)) return null;
        GenericsType[] genericsTypes = node.getGenericsTypes();
        StringBuffer ret = new StringBuffer(100);
        getGenericsTypeSpec(ret, genericsTypes);
        GenericsType extendsPart = new GenericsType(node.getUnresolvedSuperClass(false));
        writeGenericsBounds(ret, extendsPart, true);
        ClassNode[] interfaces = node.getInterfaces();
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
            GenericsType interfacePart = new GenericsType(interfaces[i]);
            writeGenericsBounds(ret, interfacePart, false);
        }
        return ret.toString();
    }

    private static void getGenericsTypeSpec(StringBuffer ret, GenericsType[] genericsTypes) {
        if (genericsTypes == null) return;
        ret.append('<');
        for (int i = 0; i < genericsTypes.length; i++) {
            String name = genericsTypes[i].getName();
            ret.append(name);
            ret.append(':');
            writeGenericsBounds(ret, genericsTypes[i], true);
        }
        ret.append('>');
    }

    public static String getGenericsBounds(ClassNode type) {
        GenericsType[] genericsTypes = type.getGenericsTypes();
        if (genericsTypes == null) return null;
        StringBuffer ret = new StringBuffer(100);
        if (type.isGenericsPlaceHolder()) {
            addSubTypes(ret, type.getGenericsTypes(), "", "");
        } else {
            GenericsType gt = new GenericsType(type);
            writeGenericsBounds(ret, gt, false);
        }

        return ret.toString();
    }

    private static void writeGenericsBoundType(StringBuffer ret, ClassNode printType, boolean writeInterfaceMarker) {
        if (writeInterfaceMarker && printType.isInterface()) ret.append(":");
        if (printType.equals(ClassHelper.OBJECT_TYPE) && printType.getGenericsTypes() != null) {
            ret.append("T");
            ret.append(printType.getGenericsTypes()[0].getName());
            ret.append(";");
        }
        else {
            ret.append(getTypeDescription(printType, false));
            addSubTypes(ret, printType.getGenericsTypes(), "<", ">");
            if (!ClassHelper.isPrimitiveType(printType)) ret.append(";");
        }
    }

    private static void writeGenericsBounds(StringBuffer ret, GenericsType type, boolean writeInterfaceMarker) {
        if (type.getUpperBounds() != null) {
            ClassNode[] bounds = type.getUpperBounds();
            for (int i = 0; i < bounds.length; i++) {
                writeGenericsBoundType(ret, bounds[i], writeInterfaceMarker);
            }
        } else if (type.getLowerBound() != null) {
            writeGenericsBoundType(ret, type.getLowerBound(), writeInterfaceMarker);
        } else {
            writeGenericsBoundType(ret, type.getType(), writeInterfaceMarker);
        }
    }

    private static void addSubTypes(StringBuffer ret, GenericsType[] types, String start, String end) {
        if (types == null) return;
        ret.append(start);
        for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
            if (types[i].getType().isArray()) {
                ret.append("[");
                addSubTypes(ret, new GenericsType[]{new GenericsType(types[i].getType().getComponentType())}, "", "");
            }
            else {
                if (types[i].isPlaceholder()) {
                    ret.append('T');
                    String name = types[i].getName();
                    ret.append(name);
                    ret.append(';');
                } else if (types[i].isWildcard()) {
                    if (types[i].getUpperBounds() != null) {
                        ret.append('+');
                        writeGenericsBounds(ret, types[i], false);
                    } else if (types[i].getLowerBound() != null) {
                        ret.append('-');
                        writeGenericsBounds(ret, types[i], false);
                    } else {
                        ret.append('*');
                    }
                } else {
                    writeGenericsBounds(ret, types[i], false);
                }
            }
        }
        ret.append(end);
    }

    public static void load(MethodVisitor mv, ClassNode type, int idx) {
        if (type == ClassHelper.double_TYPE) {
            mv.visitVarInsn(DLOAD, idx);
        } else if (type == ClassHelper.float_TYPE) {
            mv.visitVarInsn(FLOAD, idx);
        } else if (type == ClassHelper.long_TYPE) {
            mv.visitVarInsn(LLOAD, idx);
        } else if (
                type == ClassHelper.boolean_TYPE
                        || type == ClassHelper.char_TYPE
                        || type == ClassHelper.byte_TYPE
                        || type == ClassHelper.int_TYPE
                        || type == ClassHelper.short_TYPE) {
            mv.visitVarInsn(ILOAD, idx);
        } else {
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, idx);
        }
    }
    

    public static void doCast(MethodVisitor mv, ClassNode type) {
        if (type == ClassHelper.OBJECT_TYPE) return;
        if (ClassHelper.isPrimitiveType(type) && type != ClassHelper.VOID_TYPE) {
            unbox(mv, type);
        } else {
            mv.visitTypeInsn(
                    CHECKCAST,
                    type.isArray() ? 
                            BytecodeHelper.getTypeDescription(type) : 
                            BytecodeHelper.getClassInternalName(type.getName()));
        }
    }
    
    public static void doCast(MethodVisitor mv, Class type) {
        if (type == Object.class) return;
        if (type.isPrimitive() && type != Void.TYPE) {
            unbox(mv, type);
        } else {
            mv.visitTypeInsn(
                    CHECKCAST,
                    type.isArray() ? 
                            BytecodeHelper.getTypeDescription(type) : 
                                BytecodeHelper.getClassInternalName(type.getName()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Generates the bytecode to unbox the current value on the stack
     */
    public static void unbox(MethodVisitor mv, Class type) {
        if (type.isPrimitive() && type != Void.TYPE) {
            String returnString = "(Ljava/lang/Object;)" + BytecodeHelper.getTypeDescription(type);
            mv.visitMethodInsn(
                    INVOKESTATIC,
                    DTT_CLASSNAME,
                    type.getName() + "Unbox",
                    returnString);
        }
    }

    public static void unbox(MethodVisitor mv, ClassNode type) {
        if (type.isPrimaryClassNode()) return;
        unbox(mv, type.getTypeClass());
    }

    /**
     * box top level operand
     */
    public static boolean box(MethodVisitor mv, ClassNode type) {
        if (type.isPrimaryClassNode()) return false;
        return box(mv, type.getTypeClass());
    }

    
    /**
     * Generates the bytecode to autobox the current value on the stack
     */
    public static boolean box(MethodVisitor mv, Class type) {
        if (ReflectionCache.getCachedClass(type).isPrimitive && type != void.class) {
            String returnString = "(" + BytecodeHelper.getTypeDescription(type) + ")Ljava/lang/Object;";
            mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, DTT_CLASSNAME, "box", returnString);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

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