Hibernate example source code file (basic_mapping.po)

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The Hibernate basic_mapping.po source code

# translation of basic_mapping.po to French
# Myriam Malga <mmalga@redhat.com>, 2007.
# Xi HUANG <xhuang@redhat.com>, 2007.
# Corina Roe <croe@redhat.com>, 2009, 2010.
# translation of Collection_Mapping.po to
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: basic_mapping\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: http://bugs.kde.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-21 21:18+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-04 17:01+1000\n"
"Last-Translator: Corina Roe <croe@redhat.com>\n"
"Language-Team: French <i18@redhat.com>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"X-Generator: KBabel 1.11.4\n"

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:31
#, no-c-format
msgid "Basic O/R Mapping"
msgstr "Mappage O/R de base"

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:34
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mapping declaration"
msgstr "Déclaration de mappage"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:36
#, no-c-format
msgid "Object/relational mappings can be defined in three approaches:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:41
#, no-c-format
msgid "using Java 5 annotations (via the Java Persistence 2 annotations)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:46
#, no-c-format
msgid "using JPA 2 XML deployment descriptors (described in chapter XXX)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:51
#, no-c-format
msgid "using the Hibernate legacy XML files approach known as hbm.xml"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:56
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Annotations are split in two categories, the logical mapping annotations "
"(describing the object model, the association between two entities etc.) and "
"the physical mapping annotations (describing the physical schema, tables, "
"columns, indexes, etc). We will mix annotations from both categories in the "
"following code examples."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:62
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"JPA annotations are in the <literal>javax.persistence.* package. "
"Hibernate specific extensions are in <literal>org.hibernate.annotations.* attribute)."
msgstr ""
"Étudions le contenu du document de mappage. Nous ne décrirons que les "
"éléments et attributs du document utilisés par Hibernate à l'exécution. Le "
"document de mappage contient aussi des attributs et éléments optionnels qui "
"agissent sur le schéma de base de données exporté par l'outil de génération "
"de schéma. (Par exemple l'attribut <literal>not-null)."

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:94
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Entity"
msgstr "EntityResolver"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:96
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"An entity is a regular Java object (aka POJO) which will be persisted by "
"Hibernate."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:99
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To mark an object as an entity in annotations, use the <classname>@Entity lets you define the table the entity will be "
"persisted into. If undefined, the table name is the unqualified class name "
"of the entity. You can also optionally define the catalog, the schema as "
"well as unique constraints on the table."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:112
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"@Table(name=\"TBL_FLIGHT\", \n"
"       schema=\"AIR_COMMAND\", \n"
"       uniqueConstraints=\n"
"           @UniqueConstraint(\n"
"               name=\"flight_number\", \n"
"               columnNames={\"comp_prefix\", \"flight_number\"} ) )\n"
"public class Flight implements Serializable {\n"
"    @Column(name=\"comp_prefix\")\n"
"    public String getCompagnyPrefix() { return companyPrefix; }\n"
"\n"
"    @Column(name=\"flight_number\")\n"
"    public String getNumber() { return number; }\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:114
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The constraint name is optional (generated if left undefined). The column "
"names composing the constraint correspond to the column names as defined "
"before the Hibernate <classname>NamingStrategy is applied."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:119
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>@Entity.name lets you define the shortcut name of the "
"entity you can used in JP-QL and HQL queries. It defaults to the unqualified "
"class name of the class."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:123
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate goes beyond the JPA specification and provide additional "
"configurations. Some of them are hosted on <classname>@org.hibernate."
"annotations.Entity</classname>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:129
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>dynamicInsert / dynamicUpdate "
"(defaults to false): specifies that <literal>INSERT / "
"<literal>UPDATE SQL should be generated at runtime and contain "
"only the columns whose values are not null. The <literal>dynamic-updatedynamic-insert settings are not inherited by "
"subclasses. Although these settings can increase performance in some cases, "
"they can actually decrease performance in others."
msgstr ""
"Notez que les paramètres <literal>dynamic-update et "
"<literal>dynamic-insert ne sont pas hérités par les sous-classes "
"et peuvent donc être spécifiés pour les éléments <literal><subclass><joined-subclass>. Ces paramètres "
"peuvent améliorer les performances dans certains cas, mais peuvent aussi les "
"amoindrir. À utiliser en connaissance de causes. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:140
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>selectBeforeUpdate (defaults to false): specifies that "
"Hibernate should <emphasis>never perform an SQL UPDATE, will Hibernate perform an extra SQL "
"<literal>SELECT to determine if an UPDATE is "
"actually required. Use of <literal>select-before-update will "
"usually decrease performance. It is useful to prevent a database update "
"trigger being called unnecessarily if you reattach a graph of detached "
"instances to a <literal>Session."
msgstr ""
"<literal>select-before-update (optionnel, par défaut à "
"<literal>false): spécifie que Hibernate ne doit jamaisUPDATE sans être certain qu'un "
"objet a été réellement modifié. Dans certains cas, (en réalité, seulement "
"quand un objet transient a été associé à une nouvelle session par "
"<literal>update()), cela signifie que Hibernate exécutera un SQL "
"<literal>SELECT pour déterminer si un SQL UPDATE (defaults to IMPLICIT): "
"determines whether implicit or explicit query polymorphisms is used. "
"<emphasis>Implicit polymorphisms means that instances of the "
"class will be returned by a query that names any superclass or implemented "
"interface or class, and that instances of any subclass of the class will be "
"returned by a query that names the class itself. <emphasis>Explicit is appropriate. Explicit "
"polymorphisms is useful when two different classes are mapped to the same "
"table This allows a \"lightweight\" class that contains a subset of the "
"table columns."
msgstr ""
"Le polymorphisme <emphasis>implicite signifie que des instances "
"de la classe seront retournées par une requête qui utilise les noms de la "
"classe ou de chacune de ses superclasses ou encore des interfaces "
"implémentées par cette classe ou ses superclasses. Les instances des classes "
"filles seront retournées par une requête qui utilise le nom de la classe "
"elle même. Le polymorphisme <emphasis>explicite signifie que les "
"instances de la classe ne seront retournées que par une requête qui utilise "
"explicitement son nom et que seules les instances des classes filles "
"déclarées dans les éléments <literal><subclass> ou "
"<literal><joined-subclass> seront retournées. Dans la "
"majorités des cas la valeur par défaut, <literal>polymorphism=\"implicit\": specifies a custom ClassPersisterpersister attribute lets you customize the "
"persistence strategy used for the class. You can, for example, specify your "
"own subclass of <literal>org.hibernate.persister.EntityPersister, "
"or you can even provide a completely new implementation of the interface "
"<literal>org.hibernate.persister.ClassPersister that implements, "
"for example, persistence via stored procedure calls, serialization to flat "
"files or LDAP. See <literal>org.hibernate.test.CustomPersister for "
"a simple example of \"persistence\" to a <literal>Hashtable."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut <literal>persister vous permet de personnaliser la "
"stratégie de persistance utilisée pour la classe. Vous pouvez, par exemple, "
"spécifier votre propre sous-classe de <literal>org.hibernate.persister."
"EntityPersister</literal> ou vous pourriez aussi fournir une nouvelle "
"implémentation de l'interface <literal>org.hibernate.persister."
"ClassPersister</literal> qui proposerait une persistance via, par exemple, "
"des appels de procédures stockées, de la sérialisation vers des fichiers "
"plats ou un annuaire LDAP. Voir <literal>org.hibernate.test.CustomPersister). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:185
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>optimisticLock (defaults to VERSION): "
"determines the optimistic locking strategy. If you enable "
"<literal>dynamicUpdate, you will have a choice of optimistic "
"locking strategies:"
msgstr ""
"Si vous utilisez le <literal>dynamic-update, les différentes "
"stratégies de verrouillage optimiste sont les suivantes :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:192
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>version: check the version/timestamp columns"
msgstr "<literal>version vérifie les colonnes version/timestamp "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:197
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>all: check all columns"
msgstr "<literal>all vérifie toutes les colonnes "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:201
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>dirty: check the changed columns, allowing some "
"concurrent updates"
msgstr ""
"<literal>dirty vérifie les colonnes modifiées, permettant quelques "
"mise à jour concurrentes "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:206
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>none: do not use optimistic locking"
msgstr "<literal>none n'utilisez pas le verrouillage optimiste "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:211
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is <emphasis>strongly recommended that you use version/"
"timestamp columns for optimistic locking with Hibernate. This strategy "
"optimizes performance and correctly handles modifications made to detached "
"instances (i.e. when <literal>Session.merge() is used)."
msgstr ""
"Nous encourageons <emphasis>très fortement l'utilisation de "
"colonnes de version/timestamp pour le verrouillage optimiste avec Hibernate. "
"C'est la meilleure stratégie en ce qui concerne les performances et la seule "
"qui gère correctement les modifications sur les instances détachées (c'est à "
"dire lorsqu'on utilise <literal>Session.merge()). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:220
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Be sure to import <classname>@javax.persistence.Entity to mark a "
"class as an entity. It's a common mistake to import <classname>@org."
"hibernate.annotations.Entity</classname> by accident."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:227
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some entities are not mutable. They cannot be updated or deleted by the "
"application. This allows Hibernate to make some minor performance "
"optimizations.. Use the <classname>@Immutable annotation."
msgstr ""
"Les classes immuables, <literal>mutable=\"false\", ne peuvent pas "
"être modifiées ou supprimées par l'application. Cela permet à Hibernate de "
"faire quelques optimisations mineures sur les performances. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:232
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also alter how Hibernate deals with lazy initialization for this "
"class. On <classname>@Proxy, use lazy=false "
"to disable lazy fetching (not recommended). You can also specify an "
"interface to use for lazy initializing proxies (defaults to the class "
"itself): use <literal>proxyClass on @Proxy. "
"Hibernate will initially return proxies (Javassist or CGLIB) that implement "
"the named interface. The persistent object will load when a method of the "
"proxy is invoked. See \"Initializing collections and proxies\" below."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut optionnel <literal>proxy permet les initialisations "
"différées des instances persistantes de la classe. Hibernate retournera "
"initialement des proxies CGLIB qui implémentent l'interface nommée. Le "
"véritable objet persistant ne sera chargé que lorsqu'une méthode du proxy "
"sera appelée. Voir plus bas le paragraphe abordant les Proxies et leur "
"initialisation différée (lazy initialization). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:243
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<classname>@BatchSize specifies a \"batch size\" for fetching "
"instances of this class by identifier. Not yet loaded instances are loaded "
"batch-size at a time (default 1)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:247
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can specific an arbitrary SQL WHERE condition to be used when retrieving "
"objects of this class. Use <classname>@Where for that."
msgstr ""
"<literal>where (optionnel) spécifie une clause SQL WHERE lets you define an SQL "
"expression used to generate a multi-row <emphasis>check "
"constraint for automatic schema generation."
msgstr ""
"<literal>check (optionnel) : expression SQL utilisée pour générer "
"une contrainte de vérification <emphasis>check multi-lignes pour "
"la génération automatique de schéma. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:255
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There is no difference between a view and a base table for a Hibernate "
"mapping. This is transparent at the database level, although some DBMS do "
"not support views properly, especially with updates. Sometimes you want to "
"use a view, but you cannot create one in the database (i.e. with a legacy "
"schema). In this case, you can map an immutable and read-only entity to a "
"given SQL subselect expression using <classname>@org.hibernate.annotations."
"Subselect</classname>:"
msgstr ""
"Il n'y a pas de différence entre table et vue pour le mappage Hibernate, "
"comme on peut s'y attendre, cela est transparent au niveau base de données "
"(remarquez que certaines BDD ne supportent pas les vues correctement, "
"notamment pour les mise à jour). Il est possible que vous souhaitiez "
"utiliser une vue mais vous ne puissiez pas en créer une sur votre BDD (c'est-"
"à-dire avec un schéma ancien). Dans ces cas, vous pouvez mapper une entité "
"immuable en lecture seule sur une expression sous-select SQL donnée :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:263
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"@Subselect(\"select item.name, max(bid.amount), count(*) \"\n"
"        + \"from item \"\n"
"        + \"join bid on bid.item_id = item.id \"\n"
"        + \"group by item.name\")\n"
"@Synchronize( {\"item\", \"bid\"} ) //tables impacted\n"
"public class Summary {\n"
"    @Id\n"
"    public String getId() { return id; }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:265
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Declare the tables to synchronize this entity with, ensuring that auto-flush "
"happens correctly and that queries against the derived entity do not return "
"stale data. The <literal><subselect> is available both as an "
"attribute and a nested mapping element."
msgstr ""
"Déclarez les tables à synchroniser avec cette entité pour assurer que le "
"flush automatique se produise correctement, et pour que les requêtes sur "
"l'entité dérivée ne renvoient pas des données périmées. Le <literal><"
"subselect></literal> est disponible comme attribut ou comme élément de "
"mappage imbriqué. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:270
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"We will now explore the same options using the hbm.xml structure. You can "
"declare a persistent class using the <literal>class element. For "
"example:"
msgstr ""
"Déclarez une classe persistante avec l'élément <literal>class. "
"Part exemple :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:319
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class\n"
"        name=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        table=\"tableName\"\n"
"        discriminator-value=\"discriminator_value\"\n"
"        mutable=\"true|false\"\n"
"        schema=\"owner\"\n"
"        catalog=\"catalog\"\n"
"        proxy=\"ProxyInterface\"\n"
"        dynamic-update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        dynamic-insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        select-before-update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        polymorphism=\"implicit|explicit\"\n"
"        where=\"arbitrary sql where condition\"\n"
"        persister=\"PersisterClass\"\n"
"        batch-size=\"N\"\n"
"        optimistic-lock=\"none|version|dirty|all\"\n"
"        lazy=\"true|false\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"EntityName\"\n"
"        check=\"arbitrary sql check condition\"\n"
"        rowid=\"rowid\"\n"
"        subselect=\"SQL expression\"\n"
"        abstract=\"true|false\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:323
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name (optional): the fully qualified Java class name of "
"the persistent class or interface. If this attribute is missing, it is "
"assumed that the mapping is for a non-POJO entity."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name (optionnel) : le nom Java complet de la classe (ou "
"interface) persistante. Si cet attribut est absent, nous supposons que ce "
"mappage ne se rapporte pas à une entité POJO. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:330
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>table (optional - defaults to the unqualified class "
"name): the name of its database table."
msgstr ""
"<literal>table (optionnel - par défaut le nom non-qualifié de la "
"classe) : le nom de sa table en base de données."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:335
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>discriminator-value (optional - defaults to the class "
"name): a value that distinguishes individual subclasses that is used for "
"polymorphic behavior. Acceptable values include <literal>null and "
"<literal>not null."
msgstr ""
"<literal>discriminator-value (optionnel - par défaut le nom de la "
"classe) : une valeur permettant de distinguer les différentes sous-classes "
"utilisées dans le comportement polymorphique. Les valeurs <literal>nullnot null sont autorisées. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:343
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>mutable (optional - defaults to true): "
"specifies that instances of the class are (not) mutable."
msgstr ""
"<literal>mutable (optionnel, vaut true par "
"défaut) : spécifie que des instances de la classe sont (ou non) immuables. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:349 basic_mapping.xml:2948
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>schema (optional): overrides the schema name specified by "
"the root <literal><hibernate-mapping> element."
msgstr ""
"<literal>schema (optionnel) : surcharge le nom de schéma spécifié "
"par l'élément racine <literal><hibernate-mappage>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:355 basic_mapping.xml:2954
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>catalog (optional): overrides the catalog name specified "
"by the root <literal><hibernate-mapping> element."
msgstr ""
"<literal>catalog (optionnel) : surcharge le nom du catalogue "
"spécifié par l'élément racine <literal><hibernate-mappage>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:361
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>proxy (optional): specifies an interface to use for lazy "
"initializing proxies. You can specify the name of the class itself."
msgstr ""
"<literal>proxy (optionnel) : spécifie une interface à utiliser "
"pour l'initialisation différée (lazy loading) des proxies. Vous pouvez "
"indiquer le nom de la classe elle-même. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:367
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>dynamic-update (optional - defaults to falseUPDATE SQL should be generated "
"at runtime and can contain only those columns whose values have changed."
msgstr ""
"<literal>dynamic-update (optionnel, par défaut à falseUPDATE doivent être "
"générés à l'exécution et contenir uniquement les colonnes dont les valeurs "
"ont été modifiées. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:374
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>dynamic-insert (optional - defaults to falseINSERT SQL should be generated "
"at runtime and contain only the columns whose values are not null."
msgstr ""
"<literal>dynamic-insert (optionnel, par défaut à falseINSERT doivent être "
"générés à l'exécution et ne contenir que les colonnes dont les valeurs sont "
"non nulles. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:381
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>select-before-update (optional - defaults to "
"<literal>false): specifies that Hibernate should neverUPDATE unless it is certain that "
"an object is actually modified. Only when a transient object has been "
"associated with a new session using <literal>update(), will "
"Hibernate perform an extra SQL <literal>SELECT to determine if an "
"<literal>UPDATE is actually required."
msgstr ""
"<literal>select-before-update (optionnel, par défaut à "
"<literal>false): spécifie que Hibernate ne doit jamaisUPDATE sans être certain qu'un "
"objet a été réellement modifié. Dans certains cas, (en réalité, seulement "
"quand un objet transient a été associé à une nouvelle session par "
"<literal>update()), cela signifie que Hibernate exécutera un SQL "
"<literal>SELECT pour déterminer si un SQL UPDATE (optional - defaults to implicit (optionnel, vaut implicit "
"par défaut) : détermine si, pour cette classe, une requête polymorphique "
"implicite ou explicite est utilisée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:399
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>where (optional): specifies an arbitrary SQL "
"<literal>WHERE condition to be used when retrieving objects of "
"this class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>where (optionnel) spécifie une clause SQL WHERE (optional): specifies a custom "
"<literal>ClassPersister."
msgstr ""
"<literal>persister (optionnel) : spécifie un "
"<literal>ClassPersister particulier. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:410
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>batch-size (optional - defaults to 1): "
"specifies a \"batch size\" for fetching instances of this class by "
"identifier."
msgstr ""
"<literal>batch-size (optionnel, par défaut = 1 (optional - defaults to version (optionnel, par défaut = "
"<literal>version) : détermine la stratégie de verrouillage "
"optimiste. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:422
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional): lazy fetching can be disabled by setting "
"<literal>lazy=\"false\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel) : l'extraction différée (lazy fetching) "
"peut être totalement désactivée en configurant <literal>lazy=\"false\" (optional - defaults to the class name): "
"Hibernate3 allows a class to be mapped multiple times, potentially to "
"different tables. It also allows entity mappings that are represented by "
"Maps or XML at the Java level. In these cases, you should provide an "
"explicit arbitrary name for the entity. See <xref linkend=\"persistent-"
"classes-dynamicmodels\"/> and <xref linkend=\"xml\"/> for more information."
msgstr ""
"<literal>entity-name (optionnel - le nom de classe par défaut) : "
"Hibernate3 permet à une classe d'être mappée plusieurs fois (potentiellement "
"à plusieurs tables), et permet aux mappages d'entité d'être représentés par "
"des Maps ou du XML au niveau Java. Dans ces cas, vous devez indiquer un nom "
"explicite arbitraire pour les entités. Consultez <xref linkend=\"persistent-"
"classes-dynamicmodels\"/> et <xref linkend=\"xml\"/> pour plus "
"d'informations. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:437
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>check (optional): an SQL expression used to generate a "
"multi-row <emphasis>check constraint for automatic schema "
"generation."
msgstr ""
"<literal>check (optionnel) : expression SQL utilisée pour générer "
"une contrainte de vérification <emphasis>check multi-lignes pour "
"la génération automatique de schéma. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:443
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>rowid (optional): Hibernate can use ROWIDs on databases. "
"On Oracle, for example, Hibernate can use the <literal>rowid extra "
"column for fast updates once this option has been set to <literal>rowid (optionnel) : Hibernate peut utiliser des ROWID sur "
"les bases de données qui utilisent ce mécanisme. Par exemple avec Oracle, "
"Hibernate peut utiliser la colonne additionnelle <literal>rowid "
"pour des mise à jour rapides si cette option vaut <literal>rowid. "
"Un ROWID est un détail d'implémentation et représente la localisation "
"physique d'un uplet enregistré. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:452
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>subselect (optional): maps an immutable and read-only "
"entity to a database subselect. This is useful if you want to have a view "
"instead of a base table. See below for more information."
msgstr ""
"<literal>subselect (optionnel) : permet de mapper une entité "
"immuable en lecture-seule sur un sous-select de base de données. Utile pour "
"avoir une vue au lieu d'une table de base, mais à éviter. Voir plus bas pour "
"plus d'informations. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:459
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>abstract (optional): is used to mark abstract "
"superclasses in <literal><union-subclass> hierarchies."
msgstr ""
"<literal>abstract (optionnel) : utilisé pour marquer des "
"superclasses abstraites dans des hiérarchies de <literal><union-"
"subclass></literal>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:466
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is acceptable for the named persistent class to be an interface. You can "
"declare implementing classes of that interface using the <literal><"
"subclass></literal> element. You can persist any static."
msgstr ""
"Il est tout à fait possible d'utiliser une interface comme nom de classe "
"persistante. Vous devez alors déclarer les classes implémentant cette "
"interface en utilisant l'élément <literal><subclass>. Vous "
"pouvez faire persister toute classe interne <emphasis>static. "
"Vous devez alors spécifier le nom de la classe par la notation habituelle "
"des classes internes, c'est à dire <literal>eg.Foo$Bar."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:472
#, no-c-format
msgid "Here is how to do a virtual view (subselect) in XML:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:474
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"Summary\">\n"
"    <subselect>\n"
"        select item.name, max(bid.amount), count(*)\n"
"        from item\n"
"        join bid on bid.item_id = item.id\n"
"        group by item.name\n"
"    </subselect>\n"
"    <synchronize table=\"item\"/>\n"
"    <synchronize table=\"bid\"/>\n"
"    <id name=\"name\"/>\n"
"    ...\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:476
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal><subselect> is available both as an attribute "
"and a nested mapping element."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:481
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Identifiers"
msgstr "Identifiants assignés"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:483
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Mapped classes <emphasis>must declare the primary key column of "
"the database table. Most classes will also have a JavaBeans-style property "
"holding the unique identifier of an instance."
msgstr ""
"Les classes mappées <emphasis>doivent déclarer la clé primaire de "
"la table en base de données. La plupart des classes auront aussi une "
"propriété de type JavaBeans présentant l'identifiant unique d'une instance. "
"L'élément <literal><id> sert à définir le mappage entre "
"cette propriété et la colonne de la clé primaire."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:488
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mark the identifier property with <classname>@Id."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:491
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Person {\n"
"   @Id Integer getId() { ... }\n"
"   ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:493
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In hbm.xml, use the <literal><id> element which defines the "
"mapping from that property to the primary key column."
msgstr ""
"Remarquez l'utilisation des balises <literal><column> pour "
"mapper une propriété sur des colonnes multiples."

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:509
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        type=\"typename\"\n"
"        column=\"column_name\"\n"
"        unsaved-value=\"null|any|none|undefined|id_value\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\">\n"
"        node=\"element-name|@attribute-name|element/@attribute|.\"\n"
"\n"
"        <generator class=\"generatorClass\"/>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:513
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name (optional): the name of the identifier property."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name (optionnel) : nom de la propriété de l'identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:518 basic_mapping.xml:2152
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>type (optional): a name that indicates the Hibernate type."
msgstr ""
"<literal>type (optionnel) : nom indiquant le type Hibernate. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:523
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>column (optional - defaults to the property name): the "
"name of the primary key column."
msgstr ""
"<literal>column (optionnel - le nom de la propriété est pris par "
"défaut) : nom de la colonne de la clé primaire."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:528
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>unsaved-value (optional - defaults to a \"sensible\" "
"value): an identifier property value that indicates an instance is newly "
"instantiated (unsaved), distinguishing it from detached instances that were "
"saved or loaded in a previous session."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unsaved-value (optionnel - devient par défaut une valeur "
"\"sensible\") : une valeur de propriété d'identifiant qui indique que "
"l'instance est nouvellement instanciée (non sauvegardée), et qui la "
"distingue des instances détachées qui ont été sauvegardées ou chargées dans "
"une session précédente. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:536
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>access (optional - defaults to property (optionnel - par défaut property attribute is missing, it is assumed that the "
"class has no identifier property."
msgstr ""
"Si l'attribut <literal>name est absent, Hibernate considère que la "
"classe ne possède pas de propriété d'identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:546
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>unsaved-value attribute is almost never needed in "
"Hibernate3 and indeed has no corresponding element in annotations."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut <literal>unsaved-value n'est presque jamais nécessaire "
"dans Hibernate3."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:550
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also declare the identifier as a composite identifier. This allows "
"access to legacy data with composite keys. Its use is strongly discouraged "
"for anything else."
msgstr ""
"La déclaration alternative <literal><composite-id> permet "
"l'accès aux données d'anciens systèmes qui utilisent des clés composées. Son "
"utilisation est fortement déconseillée pour d'autres cas."

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:555
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Composite identifier"
msgstr "Identifiants assignés"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:557
#, no-c-format
msgid "You can define a composite primary key through several syntaxes:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:562
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"use a component type to represent the identifier and map it as a property in "
"the entity: you then annotated the property as <classname>@EmbeddedIdSerializable."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:569
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"map multiple properties as <classname>@Id properties: the "
"identifier type is then the entity class itself and needs to be "
"<classname>Serializable. This approach is unfortunately not "
"standard and only supported by Hibernate."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:577
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"map multiple properties as <classname>@Id properties and declare "
"an external class to be the identifier type. This class, which needs to be "
"<classname>Serializable, is declared on the entity via the "
"<classname>@IdClass annotation. The identifier type must contain "
"the same properties as the identifier properties of the entity: each "
"property name must be the same, its type must be the same as well if the "
"entity property is of a basic type, its type must be the type of the primary "
"key of the associated entity if the entity property is an association "
"(either a <classname>@OneToOne or a @ManyToOne."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:604
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class User {\n"
"   @EmbeddedId\n"
"   @AttributeOverride(name=\"firstName\", column=@Column(name=\"fld_firstname"
"\")\n"
"   UserId id;\n"
"\n"
"   Integer age;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Embeddable\n"
"class UserId implements Serializable {\n"
"   String firstName;\n"
"   String lastName;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:606
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can notice that the <classname>UserId class is serializable. "
"To override the column mapping, use <classname>@AttributeOverride annotation. "
"The <classname>@MapsId value correspond to the property name of "
"the embedded id object containing the associated entity's identifier. In the "
"database, it means that the <literal>Customer.user and the "
"<literal>CustomerId.userId properties share the same underlying "
"column (<literal>user_fk in this case)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:627
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The component type used as identifier must implement <methodname>equals()hashCode()."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:632
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In practice, your code only sets the <literal>Customer.user "
"property and the user id value is copied by Hibernate into the "
"<literal>CustomerId.userId property."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:638
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The id value can be copied as late as flush time, don't rely on it until "
"after flush time."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:642
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"While not supported in JPA, Hibernate lets you place your association "
"directly in the embedded id component (instead of having to use the "
"<classname>@MapsId annotation)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:646
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class Customer {\n"
"   @EmbeddedId CustomerId id;\n"
"   boolean preferredCustomer;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Embeddable\n"
"class CustomerId implements Serializable {\n"
"   @OneToOne\n"
"   @JoinColumns({\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"userfirstname_fk\", referencedColumnName=\"firstName"
"\"),\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"userlastname_fk\", referencedColumnName=\"lastName"
"\")\n"
"   }) \n"
"   User user;\n"
"   String customerNumber;\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity \n"
"class User {\n"
"   @EmbeddedId UserId id;\n"
"   Integer age;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Embeddable\n"
"class UserId implements Serializable {\n"
"   String firstName;\n"
"   String lastName;\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:648
#, no-c-format
msgid "Let's now rewrite these examples using the hbm.xml syntax."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:651
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<composite-id\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        class=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        mapped=\"true|false\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name|.\">\n"
"\n"
"        <key-property name=\"propertyName\" type=\"typename\" column="
"\"column_name\"/>\n"
"        <key-many-to-one name=\"propertyName\" class=\"ClassName\" column="
"\"column_name\"/>\n"
"        ......\n"
"</composite-id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:653
#, no-c-format
msgid "First a simple example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:655
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"User\">\n"
"   <composite-id name=\"id\" class=\"UserId\">\n"
"      <key-property name=\"firstName\" column=\"fld_firstname\"/>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"lastName\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:657
#, no-c-format
msgid "Then an example showing how an association can be mapped."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:660
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"Customer\">\n"
"   <composite-id name=\"id\" class=\"CustomerId\">\n"
"      <key-property name=\"firstName\" column=\"userfirstname_fk\"/>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"lastName\" column=\"userfirstname_fk\"/>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"customerNumber\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"\n"
"   <property name=\"preferredCustomer\"/>\n"
"\n"
"   <many-to-one name=\"user\">\n"
"      <column name=\"userfirstname_fk\" updatable=\"false\" insertable="
"\"false\"/>\n"
"      <column name=\"userlastname_fk\" updatable=\"false\" insertable="
"\"false\"/>\n"
"   </many-to-one>\n"
"</class>\n"
"\n"
"<class name=\"User\">\n"
"   <composite-id name=\"id\" class=\"UserId\">\n"
"      <key-property name=\"firstName\"/>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"lastName\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"\n"
"   <property name=\"age\"/>\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:662
#, no-c-format
msgid "Notice a few things in the previous example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:666
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the order of the properties (and column) matters. It must be the same "
"between the association and the primary key of the associated entity"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:672
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the many to one uses the same columns as the primary key and thus must be "
"marked as read only (<literal>insertable and updatable, the id value of the associated "
"entity is not transparently copied, check the <literal>foreign id "
"generator for more information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:686
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The last example shows how to map association directly in the embedded id "
"component."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:689
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"Customer\">\n"
"   <composite-id name=\"id\" class=\"CustomerId\">\n"
"      <key-many-to-one name=\"user\">\n"
"         <column name=\"userfirstname_fk\"/>\n"
"         <column name=\"userlastname_fk\"/>\n"
"      </key-many-to-one>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"customerNumber\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"\n"
"   <property name=\"preferredCustomer\"/>\n"
"</class>\n"
"\n"
"<class name=\"User\">\n"
"   <composite-id name=\"id\" class=\"UserId\">\n"
"      <key-property name=\"firstName\"/>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"lastName\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"\n"
"   <property name=\"age\"/>\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:691
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This is the recommended approach to map composite identifier. The following "
"options should not be considered unless some constraint are present."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:697
#, no-c-format
msgid "Multiple id properties without identifier type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:699
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Another, arguably more natural, approach is to place <classname>@Id is its own identifier "
"representation: it must implement <classname>Serializable and "
"must implement <methodname>equals() and hashCode() on an entity points to the class (component) "
"representing the identifier of the class. The properties marked "
"<classname>@Id on the entity must have their corresponding "
"property on the <classname>@IdClass. The return type of search "
"twin property must be either identical for basic properties or must "
"correspond to the identifier class of the associated entity for an "
"association."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:730
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This approach is inherited from the EJB 2 days and we recommend against its "
"use. But, after all it's your application and Hibernate supports it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:735
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"@IdClass(CustomerId.class)\n"
"class Customer implements Serializable {\n"
"   @Id @OneToOne\n"
"   @JoinColumns({\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"userfirstname_fk\", referencedColumnName=\"firstName"
"\"),\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"userlastname_fk\", referencedColumnName=\"lastName"
"\")\n"
"   }) \n"
"   User user;\n"
"  \n"
"   @Id String customerNumber;\n"
"\n"
"   boolean preferredCustomer;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"class CustomerId implements Serializable {\n"
"   UserId user;\n"
"   String customerNumber;\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity \n"
"class User {\n"
"   @EmbeddedId UserId id;\n"
"   Integer age;\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Embeddable\n"
"class UserId implements Serializable {\n"
"   String firstName;\n"
"   String lastName;\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:737
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<classname>Customer and CustomerId do "
"have the same properties <literal>customerNumber as well as "
"<literal>user. CustomerId must be "
"<classname>Serializable and implement equals()hashCode()."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:745
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"While not JPA standard, Hibernate let's you declare the vanilla associated "
"property in the <classname>@IdClass."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:749
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"@IdClass(CustomerId.class)\n"
"class Customer implements Serializable {\n"
"   @Id @OneToOne\n"
"   @JoinColumns({\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"userfirstname_fk\", referencedColumnName=\"firstName"
"\"),\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"userlastname_fk\", referencedColumnName=\"lastName"
"\")\n"
"   }) \n"
"   User user;\n"
"  \n"
"   @Id String customerNumber;\n"
"\n"
"   boolean preferredCustomer;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"class CustomerId implements Serializable {\n"
"   @OneToOne User user;\n"
"   String customerNumber;\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity \n"
"class User {\n"
"   @EmbeddedId UserId id;\n"
"   Integer age;\n"
"\n"
"   //implements equals and hashCode\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Embeddable\n"
"class UserId implements Serializable {\n"
"  String firstName;\n"
"  String lastName;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:751
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This feature is of limited interest though as you are likely to have chosen "
"the <classname>@IdClass approach to stay JPA compliant or you "
"have a quite twisted mind."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:755
#, no-c-format
msgid "Here are the equivalent on hbm.xml files:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:757
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"Customer\">\n"
"   <composite-id class=\"CustomerId\" mapped=\"true\">\n"
"      <key-many-to-one name=\"user\">\n"
"         <column name=\"userfirstname_fk\"/>\n"
"         <column name=\"userlastname_fk\"/>\n"
"      </key-many-to-one>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"customerNumber\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"\n"
"   <property name=\"preferredCustomer\"/>\n"
"</class>\n"
"\n"
"<class name=\"User\">\n"
"   <composite-id name=\"id\" class=\"UserId\">\n"
"      <key-property name=\"firstName\"/>\n"
"      <key-property name=\"lastName\"/>\n"
"   </composite-id>\n"
"\n"
"   <property name=\"age\"/>\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:762
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Identifier generator"
msgstr "La méthode getter de l'identifiant "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:764
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate can generate and populate identifier values for you automatically. "
"This is the recommended approach over \"business\" or \"natural\" id "
"(especially composite ids)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:768
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate offers various generation strategies, let's explore the most "
"common ones first that happens to be standardized by JPA:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:774
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"IDENTITY: supports identity columns in DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase and "
"HypersonicSQL. The returned identifier is of type <literal>long, "
"<literal>short or int."
msgstr ""
"prend en charge les colonnes d'identité dans DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, "
"Sybase et HypersonicSQL. L'identifiant renvoyé est de type <literal>longshort ou int."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:781
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"SEQUENCE (called <literal>seqhilo in Hibernate): uses a hi/lo "
"algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type <literal>longshort or int, given a named "
"database sequence."
msgstr ""
"utilise un algorithme hi/lo pour générer efficacement des identifiants de "
"type <literal>long, short ou int in "
"Hibernate) : uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of "
"type <literal>long, short or int, short ou int et next_hi, SEQUENCE or "
"<literal>TABLE depending upon the capabilities of the underlying "
"database."
msgstr ""
"choisit <literal>identity, sequence ou "
"<literal>hilo selon les possibilités offertes par la base de "
"données sous-jacente. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:805
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"We recommend all new projects to use the new enhanced identifier generators. "
"They are deactivated by default for entities using annotations but can be "
"activated using <code>hibernate.id.new_generator_mappings=true. These "
"new generators are more efficient and closer to the JPA 2 specification "
"semantic."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:812
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"However they are not backward compatible with existing Hibernate based "
"application (if a sequence or a table is used for id generation). See "
"XXXXXXX <xref linkend=\"ann-setup-properties\"/> for more information on how "
"to activate them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:818
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To mark an id property as generated, use the <classname>@GeneratedValue) by setting strategy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:823
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Customer {\n"
"   @Id @GeneratedValue\n"
"   Integer getId() { ... };\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity \n"
"public class Invoice {\n"
"   @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)\n"
"   Integer getId() { ... };\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:825
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>SEQUENCE and TABLE require additional "
"configurations that you can set using <classname>@SequenceGenerator@TableGenerator:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:832
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>name: name of the generator"
msgstr "<literal>name : le nom de la propriété. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:836
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>table / sequenceName: name of the "
"table or the sequence (defaulting respectively to "
"<literal>hibernate_sequences and hibernate_sequence (en option, par défaut = "
"<literal>hibernate_sequence): le nom de la séquence ou table à "
"utiliser."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:843
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>catalog / schema:"
msgstr "<literal>serializable"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:848
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>initialValue: the value from which the id is to start "
"generating"
msgstr "<literal>table : le nom de la table jointe. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:853
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>allocationSize: the amount to increment by when "
"allocating id numbers from the generator"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:858
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition, the <classname>TABLE strategy also let you "
"customize:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:863
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>pkColumnName: the column name containing the entity "
"identifier"
msgstr "<literal>name : le nom de la propriété. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:868
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>valueColumnName: the column name containing the "
"identifier value"
msgstr ""
"<literal>name (optionnel) : nom de la propriété de l'identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:873
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>pkColumnValue: the entity identifier"
msgstr "<literal>id-type : le type identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:878
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>uniqueConstraints: any potential column constraint on the "
"table containing the ids"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:883
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To link a table or sequence generator definition with an actual generated "
"property, use the same name in both the definition <literal>name "
"and the generator value <literal>generator as shown below."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:888
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Id \n"
"@GeneratedValue(\n"
"    strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE, \n"
"    generator=\"SEQ_GEN\")\n"
"@javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator(\n"
"    name=\"SEQ_GEN\",\n"
"    sequenceName=\"my_sequence\",\n"
"    allocationSize=20\n"
")\n"
"public Integer getId() { ... }"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:890
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The scope of a generator definition can be the application or the class. "
"Class-defined generators are not visible outside the class and can override "
"application level generators. Application level generators are defined in "
"JPA's XML deployment descriptors (see XXXXXX <xref linkend=\"xml-overriding"
"\"/>):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:896
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<table-generator name=\"EMP_GEN\"\n"
"            table=\"GENERATOR_TABLE\"\n"
"            pk-column-name=\"key\"\n"
"            value-column-name=\"hi\"\n"
"            pk-column-value=\"EMP\"\n"
"            allocation-size=\"20\"/>\n"
"\n"
"//and the annotation equivalent\n"
"\n"
"@javax.persistence.TableGenerator(\n"
"    name=\"EMP_GEN\",\n"
"    table=\"GENERATOR_TABLE\",\n"
"    pkColumnName = \"key\",\n"
"    valueColumnName = \"hi\"\n"
"    pkColumnValue=\"EMP\",\n"
"    allocationSize=20\n"
")\n"
"\n"
"<sequence-generator name=\"SEQ_GEN\" \n"
"    sequence-name=\"my_sequence\"\n"
"    allocation-size=\"20\"/>\n"
"\n"
"//and the annotation equivalent\n"
"\n"
"@javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator(\n"
"    name=\"SEQ_GEN\",\n"
"    sequenceName=\"my_sequence\",\n"
"    allocationSize=20\n"
")"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:898
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If a JPA XML descriptor (like <filename>META-INF/orm.xml) is used "
"to define the generators, <literal>EMP_GEN and SEQ_GEN at the package level "
"(see <xref linkend=\"entity-hibspec-identifier\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:910
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These are the four standard JPA generators. Hibernate goes beyond that and "
"provide additional generators or additional options as we will see below. "
"You can also write your own custom identifier generator by implementing "
"<classname>org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:916
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To define a custom generator, use the <classname>@GenericGenerator) that describes the class of the "
"identifier generator or its short cut name (as described below) and a list "
"of key/value parameters. When using <classname>@GenericGenerator "
"and assigning it via <classname>@GeneratedValue.generator, the "
"<classname>@GeneratedValue.strategy is ignored: leave it blank."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:926
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Id @GeneratedValue(generator=\"system-uuid\")\n"
"@GenericGenerator(name=\"system-uuid\", strategy = \"uuid\")\n"
"public String getId() {\n"
"\n"
"@Id @GeneratedValue(generator=\"trigger-generated\")\n"
"@GenericGenerator(\n"
"    name=\"trigger-generated\", \n"
"    strategy = \"select\",\n"
"    parameters = @Parameter(name=\"key\", value = \"socialSecurityNumber\")\n"
")\n"
"public String getId() {"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:928
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The hbm.xml approach uses the optional <literal><generator> "
"child element inside <literal><id>. If any parameters are "
"required to configure or initialize the generator instance, they are passed "
"using the <literal><param> element."
msgstr ""
"L'élément enfant <literal><generator> nomme une classe Java "
"utilisée pour générer les identifiants uniques pour les instances des "
"classes persistantes. Si des paramètres sont requis pour configurer ou "
"initialiser l'instance du générateur, ils sont passés en utilisant l'élément "
"<literal><param>."

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:934
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id name=\"id\" type=\"long\" column=\"cat_id\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"org.hibernate.id.TableHiLoGenerator\">\n"
"                <param name=\"table\">uid_table</param>\n"
"                <param name=\"column\">next_hi_value_column</"
"param>\n"
"        </generator>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:937
#, no-c-format
msgid "Various additional generators"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:939
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"All generators implement the interface <literal>org.hibernate.id."
"IdentifierGenerator</literal>. This is a very simple interface. Some "
"applications can choose to provide their own specialized implementations, "
"however, Hibernate provides a range of built-in implementations. The "
"shortcut names for the built-in generators are as follows:"
msgstr ""
"Tous les générateurs implémentent l'interface <literal>org.hibernate.id."
"IdentifierGenerator</literal>. C'est une interface très simple ; certaines "
"applications peuvent proposer leurs propres implémentations spécialisées. "
"Cependant, Hibernate propose une série d'implémentations intégrées. Il "
"existe des noms raccourcis pour les générateurs intégrés :"

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:946
#, no-c-format
msgid "increment"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:949
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"generates identifiers of type <literal>long, shortint that are unique only when no other "
"process is inserting data into the same table. <emphasis>Do not use in a "
"cluster.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"génère des identifiants de type <literal>long, shortint qui ne sont uniques que si aucun autre "
"processus n'insère de données dans la même table. <emphasis>Ne pas utiliser "
"en environnement clusterisé.</emphasis>"

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:958
#, no-c-format
msgid "identity"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:961
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"supports identity columns in DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase and "
"HypersonicSQL. The returned identifier is of type <literal>long, "
"<literal>short or int."
msgstr ""
"prend en charge les colonnes d'identité dans DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, "
"Sybase et HypersonicSQL. L'identifiant renvoyé est de type <literal>longshort ou int."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:969
#, no-c-format
msgid "sequence"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:972
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"uses a sequence in DB2, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SAP DB, McKoi or a generator in "
"Interbase. The returned identifier is of type <literal>long, "
"<literal>short or int"
msgstr ""
"utilise une séquence dans DB2, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SAP DB, McKoi ou un "
"générateur dans Interbase. L'identifiant renvoyé est de type <literal>longshort ou int"

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:980
#, no-c-format
msgid "hilo"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:984
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type "
"<literal>long, short or int, "
"given a table and column (by default <literal>hibernate_unique_key "
"and <literal>next_hi respectively) as a source of hi values. The "
"hi/lo algorithm generates identifiers that are unique only for a particular "
"database."
msgstr ""
"utilise un algorithme hi/lo pour générer de façon efficace des identifiants "
"de type <literal>long, short ou int et next_hi, short or int, "
"given a named database sequence."
msgstr ""
"utilise un algorithme hi/lo pour générer efficacement des identifiants de "
"type <literal>long, short ou intjava.lang.String or as a byte "
"array of length 16 (<literal>byte[16]). The \"generation strategy"
"\" is defined by the interface <interfacename>org.hibernate.id."
"UUIDGenerationStrategy</interfacename>. The generator defines 2 "
"configuration parameters for defining which generation strategy to use:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:1038
#, no-c-format
msgid "uuid_gen_strategy_class"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1041
#, no-c-format
msgid "Names the UUIDGenerationStrategy class to use"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:1047
#, no-c-format
msgid "uuid_gen_strategy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1050
#, no-c-format
msgid "Names the UUIDGenerationStrategy instance to use"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1056
#, no-c-format
msgid "Out of the box, comes with the following strategies:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1059
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<classname>org.hibernate.id.uuid.StandardRandomStrategy (the "
"default) - generates \"version 3\" (aka, \"random\") UUID values via the "
"<methodname>randomUUID method of java.util.UUID - "
"generates \"version 1\" UUID values, using IP address since mac address not "
"available. If you need mac address to be used, consider leveraging one of "
"the existing third party UUID generators which sniff out mac address and "
"integrating it via the <interfacename>org.hibernate.id."
"UUIDGenerationStrategy</interfacename> contract. Two such libraries known at "
"time of this writing include <ulink url=\"http://johannburkard.de/software/"
"uuid/\">http://johannburkard.de/software/uuid/</ulink> and , sequence or "
"<literal>hilo depending upon the capabilities of the underlying "
"database."
msgstr ""
"choisit <literal>identity, sequence ou "
"<literal>hilo selon les possibilités offertes par la base de "
"données sous-jacente. "

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:1105
#, no-c-format
msgid "assigned"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1108
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"lets the application assign an identifier to the object before <literal>save"
"()</literal> is called. This is the default strategy if no <"
"generator></literal> element is specified."
msgstr ""
"permet à l'application d'affecter un identifiant à l'objet avant que la "
"méthode <literal>save() soit appelée. Il s'agit de la stratégie "
"par défaut si aucun <literal><generator> n'est spécifié. "

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:1117
#, no-c-format
msgid "select"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1120
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"retrieves a primary key, assigned by a database trigger, by selecting the "
"row by some unique key and retrieving the primary key value."
msgstr ""
"récupère une clé primaire assignée par un déclencheur (trigger) de base de "
"données en sélectionnant la ligne par une clé unique quelconque et en "
"extrayant la valeur de la clé primaire."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:1127
#, no-c-format
msgid "foreign"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1130
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"uses the identifier of another associated object. It is usually used in "
"conjunction with a <literal><one-to-one> primary key "
"association."
msgstr ""
"utilise l'identifiant d'un autre objet associé. Habituellement utilisé en "
"conjonction avec une association <literal><one-to-one> sur "
"la clé primaire. "

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:1138
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "sequence-identity"
msgstr "<literal>sequence-identity"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1141
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"a specialized sequence generation strategy that utilizes a database sequence "
"for the actual value generation, but combines this with JDBC3 "
"getGeneratedKeys to return the generated identifier value as part of the "
"insert statement execution. This strategy is only supported on Oracle 10g "
"drivers targeted for JDK 1.4. Comments on these insert statements are "
"disabled due to a bug in the Oracle drivers."
msgstr ""
"Une stratégie de génération de séquence spécialisée qui utilise une séquence "
"de base de données pour la génération réelle de valeurs, tout en utilisant "
"JDBC3 getGeneratedKeys pour retourner effectivement la valeur d'identifiant "
"générée, comme faisant partie de l'exécution de la déclaration insert. Cette "
"stratégie est uniquement prise en charge par les pilotes Oracle 10g pour JDK "
"1.4. Notez que les commentaires sur ces déclarations insert sont désactivés "
"à cause d'un bogue dans les pilotes d'Oracle. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1155
#, no-c-format
msgid "Hi/lo algorithm"
msgstr "Algorithme Hi/lo"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1157
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>hilo and seqhilo generators "
"provide two alternate implementations of the hi/lo algorithm. The first "
"implementation requires a \"special\" database table to hold the next "
"available \"hi\" value. Where supported, the second uses an Oracle-style "
"sequence."
msgstr ""
"Les générateurs <literal>hilo et seqhilo "
"proposent deux implémentations alternatives de l'algorithme hi/lo. La "
"première implémentation nécessite une table \"spéciale\" en base pour "
"héberger la prochaine valeur \"hi\" disponible. La seconde utilise une "
"séquence de type Oracle (quand la base sous-jacente le propose). "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1163
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id name=\"id\" type=\"long\" column=\"cat_id\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"hilo\">\n"
"                <param name=\"table\">hi_value</param>\n"
"                <param name=\"column\">next_value</param>\n"
"                <param name=\"max_lo\">100</param>\n"
"        </generator>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1165
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id name=\"id\" type=\"long\" column=\"cat_id\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"seqhilo\">\n"
"                <param name=\"sequence\">hi_value</param>\n"
"                <param name=\"max_lo\">100</param>\n"
"        </generator>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1167
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Unfortunately, you cannot use <literal>hilo when supplying your "
"own <literal>Connection to Hibernate. When Hibernate uses an "
"application server datasource to obtain connections enlisted with JTA, you "
"must configure the <literal>hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class quand "
"vous apportez votre propre <literal>Connection à Hibernate. Quand "
"Hibernate utilise une datasource du serveur d'application pour obtenir des "
"connexions inscrites avec JTA, vous devez correctement configurer "
"<literal>hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1175
#, no-c-format
msgid "UUID algorithm"
msgstr "Algorithme UUID "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1177
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The UUID contains: IP address, startup time of the JVM that is accurate to a "
"quarter second, system time and a counter value that is unique within the "
"JVM. It is not possible to obtain a MAC address or memory address from Java "
"code, so this is the best option without using JNI."
msgstr ""
"Le contenu du UUID est : l'adresse IP, la date de démarrage de la JVM "
"(précis au quart de seconde), l'heure système et une contre-valeur (unique "
"au sein de la JVM). Il n'est pas possible d'obtenir une adresse MAC ou une "
"adresse mémoire à partir de Java, c'est donc le mieux que l'on puisse faire "
"sans utiliser JNI. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1185
#, no-c-format
msgid "Identity columns and sequences"
msgstr "Colonnes identifiantes et séquences"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1187
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For databases that support identity columns (DB2, MySQL, Sybase, MS SQL), "
"you can use <literal>identity key generation. For databases that "
"support sequences (DB2, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Interbase, McKoi, SAP DB) you "
"can use <literal>sequence style key generation. Both of these "
"strategies require two SQL queries to insert a new object. For example:"
msgstr ""
"Pour les bases qui implémentent les colonnes \"identité\" (DB2, MySQL, "
"Sybase, MS SQL), vous pouvez utiliser la génération de clé par "
"<literal>identity. Pour les bases qui implémentent les séquences "
"(DB2, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Interbase, McKoi, SAP DB) vous pouvez utiliser la "
"génération de clé par <literal>sequence. Ces deux méthodes "
"nécessitent deux requêtes SQL pour insérer un nouvel objet. Par exemple :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1195
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id name=\"id\" type=\"long\" column=\"person_id\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"sequence\">\n"
"                <param name=\"sequence\">person_id_sequence</"
"param>\n"
"        </generator>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1197
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id name=\"id\" type=\"long\" column=\"person_id\" unsaved-value=\"0"
"\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"identity\"/>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1199
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For cross-platform development, the <literal>native strategy will, "
"depending on the capabilities of the underlying database, choose from the "
"<literal>identity, sequence and hiloidentity, "
"<literal>sequence et hilo, selon les "
"possibilités offertes par la base sous-jacente. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1207
#, no-c-format
msgid "Assigned identifiers"
msgstr "Identifiants assignés"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1209
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you want the application to assign identifiers, as opposed to having "
"Hibernate generate them, you can use the <literal>assigned "
"generator. This special generator uses the identifier value already assigned "
"to the object's identifier property. The generator is used when the primary "
"key is a natural key instead of a surrogate key. This is the default "
"behavior if you do not specify <classname>@GeneratedValue nor "
"<literal><generator> elements."
msgstr ""
"Si vous souhaitez que l'application assigne des identifiants (par opposition "
"à la génération par Hibernate), vous pouvez utiliser le générateur "
"<literal>assigned. Ce générateur spécial utilisera une valeur "
"d'identifiant déjà utilisée par la propriété identifiant l'objet. Ce "
"générateur est utilisé quand la clé primaire est une clé naturelle plutôt "
"qu'une clé secondaire. C'est le comportement par défaut si vous ne précisez "
"pas d'élément <literal><generator>."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1218
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>assigned generator makes Hibernate use "
"<literal>unsaved-value=\"undefined\". This forces Hibernate to go "
"to the database to determine if an instance is transient or detached, unless "
"there is a version or timestamp property, or you define <literal>Interceptor."
"isUnsaved()</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Choisir le générateur <literal>assigned fait que Hibernate "
"utilise<literal>unsaved-value=\"undefined\", le forçant ainsi à "
"interroger la base de données pour déterminer si une instance est transiente "
"ou détachée, à moins d'utiliser une propriété version ou timestamp, ou alors "
"de définir <literal>Interceptor.isUnsaved(). "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1226
#, no-c-format
msgid "Primary keys assigned by triggers"
msgstr "Clés primaires assignées par les triggers"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1228
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate does not generate DDL with triggers. It is for legacy schemas only."
msgstr ""
"Pour les schémas de base hérités d'anciens systèmes uniquement (Hibernate ne "
"génère pas de DDL avec des triggers) "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1231
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<id name=\"id\" type=\"long\" column=\"person_id\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"select\">\n"
"                <param name=\"key\">socialSecurityNumber</"
"param>\n"
"        </generator>\n"
"</id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1233
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the above example, there is a unique valued property named "
"<literal>socialSecurityNumber. It is defined by the class, as a "
"natural key and a surrogate key named <literal>person_id, whose "
"value is generated by a trigger."
msgstr ""
"Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, il y a une valeur de propriété unique appelée "
"<literal>socialSecurityNumber. Elle est définie par la classe en "
"tant que clé naturelle et il y a également une clé secondaire appelée "
"<literal>person_id dont la valeur est générée par un trigger."

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1241
#, no-c-format
msgid "Identity copy (foreign generator)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1243
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Finally, you can ask Hibernate to copy the identifier from another "
"associated entity. In the Hibernate jargon, it is known as a foreign "
"generator but the JPA mapping reads better and is encouraged."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1248
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class MedicalHistory implements Serializable {\n"
"  @Id @OneToOne\n"
"  @JoinColumn(name = \"person_id\")\n"
"  Person patient;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"public class Person implements Serializable {\n"
"  @Id @GeneratedValue Integer id;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1250
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Or alternatively"
msgstr "Métadonnées alternatives"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1252
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class MedicalHistory implements Serializable {\n"
"  @Id Integer id;\n"
"\n"
"  @MapsId @OneToOne\n"
"  @JoinColumn(name = \"patient_id\")\n"
"  Person patient;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"class Person {\n"
"  @Id @GeneratedValue Integer id;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1254
#, no-c-format
msgid "In hbm.xml use the following approach:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1256
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"MedicalHistory\">\n"
"   <id name=\"id\">\n"
"      <generator class=\"foreign\">\n"
"         <param name=\"property\">patient</param>\n"
"      </generator>\n"
"   </id>\n"
"   <one-to-one name=\"patient\" class=\"Person\" constrained=\"true\"/"
">\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1261
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enhanced identifier generators"
msgstr "La méthode getter de l'identifiant "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1263
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Starting with release 3.2.3, there are 2 new generators which represent a re-"
"thinking of 2 different aspects of identifier generation. The first aspect "
"is database portability; the second is optimization Optimization means that "
"you do not have to query the database for every request for a new identifier "
"value. These two new generators are intended to take the place of some of "
"the named generators described above, starting in 3.3.x. However, they are "
"included in the current releases and can be referenced by FQN."
msgstr ""
"A partir de la version 3.2.3, 2 générateurs représentent une nouvelle "
"conception de 2 aspects séparés de la génération d'identifiants. Le premier "
"aspect est la portabilité de la base de données; le second est "
"l'optimization, c'est à dire que vous n'avez pas à interroger la base de "
"données pour chaque requête de valeur d'identifiant. Ces deux nouveaux "
"générateurs sont sensés prendre la place de générateurs décrits ci-dessus, "
"ayant pour préfixe 3.3.x. Cependant, ils sont inclus dans les versions "
"actuelles, et peuvent être référencés par FQN."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1272
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The first of these new generators is <literal>org.hibernate.id.enhanced."
"SequenceStyleGenerator</literal> which is intended, firstly, as a "
"replacement for the <literal>sequence generator and, secondly, as "
"a better portability generator than <literal>native. This is "
"because <literal>native generally chooses between "
"<literal>identity and sequence which have "
"largely different semantics that can cause subtle issues in applications "
"eyeing portability. <literal>org.hibernate.id.enhanced."
"SequenceStyleGenerator</literal>, however, achieves portability in a "
"different manner. It chooses between a table or a sequence in the database "
"to store its incrementing values, depending on the capabilities of the "
"dialect being used. The difference between this and <literal>native et, "
"deuxièmement, comme un générateur de portabilité supérieur à <literal>natifnatif a généralement le choix "
"entre <literal>identité et séquence qui ont des "
"sémantiques largement différentes, ce qui peut entraîner des problèmes "
"subtils en observant la portabilité des applications. <literal>org.Hibernate."
"ID.Enhanced SequenceStyleGenerator.</literal>, cependant, réalise la "
"portabilité d'une manière différente. Il choisit entre une table ou une "
"séquence dans la base de données pour stocker ses valeurs s'incrémentant, "
"selon les capacités du dialecte utilisé. La différence avec <literal>natif (optional, defaults to "
"<literal>hibernate_sequence): the name of the sequence or table to "
"be used."
msgstr ""
"<literal>sequence_name (en option, par défaut = "
"<literal>hibernate_sequence): le nom de la séquence ou table à "
"utiliser."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1297
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>initial_value (optional, defaults to 1 (en option - par défaut = 1 (optional - defaults to 1 (en option - par défaut = 1 (optional - defaults to false (optionnel - par défaut = false (optional - defaults to next_val (en option - par défaut = next_val (optional - defaults to none (optionnel - par défaut à none generator, even though it actually functions "
"much more like <literal>org.hibernate.id.MultipleHiLoPerTableGeneratororg.hibernate.id."
"MultipleHiLoPerTableGenerator</literal> that utilizes the notion of "
"pluggable optimizers. Essentially this generator defines a table capable of "
"holding a number of different increment values simultaneously by using "
"multiple distinctly keyed rows. This generator has a number of configuration "
"parameters:"
msgstr ""
"Le deuxième de ces nouveaux générateurs est <literal>org.Hibernate.ID."
"Enhanced.TableGenerator</literal>, qui est destiné, tout d'abord, comme un "
"remplacement pour le générateur de la <literal>table, même si elle "
"fonctionne effectivement beaucoup plus comme <literal>org.Hibernate.ID."
"MultipleHiLoPerTableGenerator</literal>et deuxièmement, comme une remise en "
"Å“uvre de <literal>org.Hibernate.ID.MultipleHiLoPerTableGenerator, "
"qui utilise la notion d'optimizers enfichables. Essentiellement ce "
"générateur définit une table susceptible de contenir un certain nombre de "
"valeurs d'incrément différents simultanément à l'aide de plusieurs lignes "
"distinctement masquées. Ce générateur a un certain nombre de paramètres de "
"configuration :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1345
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>table_name (optional - defaults to "
"<literal>hibernate_sequences): the name of the table to be used."
msgstr ""
"<literal>table_name (en optin - valeur par défaut = "
"<literal>hibernate_sequences): le nom de la table à utiliser."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1351
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>value_column_name (optional - defaults to "
"<literal>next_val): the name of the column on the table that is "
"used to hold the value."
msgstr ""
"<literal>value_column_name (en option - valeur par défaut "
"=<literal>next_val): le nom de la colonne contenue dans la table "
"utilisée pour la valeur."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1357
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>segment_column_name (optional - defaults to "
"<literal>sequence_name): the name of the column on the table that "
"is used to hold the \"segment key\". This is the value which identifies "
"which increment value to use."
msgstr ""
"<literal>segment_column_name (en option - par défaut = "
"<literal>sequence_name): le nom de la colonne de la table qui est "
"utilisée pour contenir la \"segment key\". Il s'agit de la valeur qui "
"identifie la valeur d'incrément à utiliser."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1365
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>segment_value (optional - defaults to default (en option - par défaut = par "
"défaut</literal>): La \"segment key\"valeur pour le segment à partir de "
"laquelle nous voulons extraire des valeurs d'incrémentation pour ce "
"générateur."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1372
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>segment_value_length (optional - defaults to "
"<literal>255): Used for schema generation; the column size to "
"create this segment key column."
msgstr ""
"<literal>segment_value_length (en option - par défaut = "
"<literal>255): Utilisée pour la génération de schéma ; la taille "
"de la colonne pour créer cette colonne de clé de segment."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1378
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>initial_value (optional - defaults to 1 (en option - par défaut est 1 (optional - defaults to 1 (en option - par défaut = 1 (optional - defaults to ??): "
"See <xref linkend=\"mapping-declaration-id-enhanced-optimizers\"/>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>optimizer (en option - valeur par défaut =  (generally this is the default if no optimizer was "
"specified): this will not perform any optimizations and hit the database for "
"each and every request."
msgstr ""
"<literal>aucun (en général il s'agit de la valeur par défaut si "
"aucun optimizer n'a été spécifié): n'effectuera pas d'optimisations et "
"n'interrogera pas la base de données à chaque demande."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1417
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>hilo: applies a hi/lo algorithm around the database "
"retrieved values. The values from the database for this optimizer are "
"expected to be sequential. The values retrieved from the database structure "
"for this optimizer indicates the \"group number\". The "
"<literal>increment_size is multiplied by that value in memory to "
"define a group \"hi value\"."
msgstr ""
"<literal>hilo: applique un algorithme hi/lo autour des valeurs "
"extraites des base de données. Les valeurs de la base de données de cet "
"optimizer sont censées être séquentielles. Les valeurs extraites de la "
"structure des base de données pour cet optimizer indique le \"numéro de "
"groupe\". Le <literal>increment_size est multiplié par cette "
"valeur en mémoire pour définir un groupe de \"hi value\"."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1427
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>pooled: as with the case of hilo, this "
"optimizer attempts to minimize the number of hits to the database. Here, "
"however, we simply store the starting value for the \"next group\" into the "
"database structure rather than a sequential value in combination with an in-"
"memory grouping algorithm. Here, <literal>increment_size refers to "
"the values coming from the database."
msgstr ""
"<literal>mise en commun: tout comme dans le cas de hilo fait "
"référence aux valeurs provenant de la base de données."

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1441
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Partial identifier generation"
msgstr "La méthode getter de l'identifiant "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1443
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate supports the automatic generation of some of the identifier "
"properties. Simply use the <classname>@GeneratedValue annotation "
"on one or several id properties."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1449
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Hibernate team has always felt such a construct as fundamentally wrong. "
"Try hard to fix your data model before using this feature."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1454
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class CustomerInventory implements Serializable {\n"
"  @Id\n"
"  @TableGenerator(name = \"inventory\",\n"
"    table = \"U_SEQUENCES\",\n"
"    pkColumnName = \"S_ID\",\n"
"    valueColumnName = \"S_NEXTNUM\",\n"
"    pkColumnValue = \"inventory\",\n"
"    allocationSize = 1000)\n"
"  @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE, generator = \"inventory"
"\")\n"
"  Integer id;\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"  @Id @ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.MERGE)\n"
"  Customer customer;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"public class Customer implements Serializable {\n"
"   @Id\n"
"   private int id;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1456
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also generate properties inside an <classname>@EmbeddedIdDeclaring a nullable version or "
"timestamp property is an easy way to avoid problems with transitive "
"reattachment in Hibernate. It is especially useful for people using assigned "
"identifiers or composite keys</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Une propriété de version ou un timestamp ne doit jamais être null pour une "
"instance détachée, ainsi Hibernate pourra détecter toute instance ayant une "
"version ou un timestamp null comme transient, quelles que soient les "
"stratégies <literal>unsaved-value spécifiées. Déclarer "
"un numéro de version ou un timestamp \"nullable\" est un moyen pratique "
"d'éviter tout problème avec les ré-attachements transitifs dans Hibernate, "
"particulièrement utile pour ceux qui utilisent des identifiants assignés ou "
"des clés composées </emphasis>."

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1485
#, no-c-format
msgid "Version number"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1487
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can add optimistic locking capability to an entity using the "
"<literal>@Version annotation:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1490
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Flight implements Serializable {\n"
"...\n"
"    @Version\n"
"    @Column(name=\"OPTLOCK\")\n"
"    public Integer getVersion() { ... }\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1492
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The version property will be mapped to the <literal>OPTLOCK "
"column, and the entity manager will use it to detect conflicting updates "
"(preventing lost updates you might otherwise see with the last-commit-wins "
"strategy)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1497
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The version column may be a numeric. Hibernate supports any kind of type "
"provided that you define and implement the appropriate "
"<classname>UserVersionType."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1501
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The application must not alter the version number set up by Hibernate in any "
"way. To artificially increase the version number, check in Hibernate Entity "
"Manager's reference documentation <literal>LockModeType."
"OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT</literal> or LockModeType."
"PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1507
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the version number is generated by the database (via a trigger for "
"example), make sure to use <code>@org.hibernate.annotations.Generated"
"(GenerationTime.ALWAYS).</code>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1511
#, no-c-format
msgid "To declare a version property in hbm.xml, use:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1530
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<version\n"
"        column=\"version_column\"\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        type=\"typename\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        unsaved-value=\"null|negative|undefined\"\n"
"        generated=\"never|always\"\n"
"        insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name|@attribute-name|element/@attribute|.\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1534
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>column (optional - defaults to the property name): the "
"name of the column holding the version number."
msgstr ""
"<literal>column (optionnel - par défaut égal au nom de la "
"propriété) : le nom de la colonne contenant le numéro de version. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1540
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name: the name of a property of the persistent class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name : le nom d'un attribut de la classe persistante. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1545
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>type (optional - defaults to integer): "
"the type of the version number."
msgstr ""
"<literal>type (optionnel - par défaut à integer (optional - defaults to property (optionnel - par défaut property (optional - defaults to undefined "
"specifies that the identifier property value should be used."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unsaved-value (optionnel - par défaut à "
"<literal>undefined) : une valeur de la propriété d'identifiant qui "
"indique que l'instance est nouvellement instanciée (non sauvegardée), et qui "
"la distingue des instances détachées qui ont été sauvegardées ou chargées "
"dans une session précédente. <literal>Undefined indique que la "
"valeur de la propritété identifiant devrait être utilisée."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1567
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>generated (optional - defaults to never for more information."
msgstr ""
"<literal>generated (optionnel - défaut à never (optional - defaults to true): "
"specifies whether the version column should be included in SQL insert "
"statements. It can be set to <literal>false if the database column "
"is defined with a default value of <literal>0."
msgstr ""
"<literal>insert (optionnel - par défaut à true si et "
"seulement si la colonne de la base de données est définie avec une valeur "
"par défaut égale à <literal>0. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1586
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Timestamp"
msgstr "Timestamp (optionnel) "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1588
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you can use a timestamp. Timestamps are a less safe "
"implementation of optimistic locking. However, sometimes an application "
"might use the timestamps in other ways as well."
msgstr ""
"L'élément optionnel <literal><timestamp> indique que la "
"table contient des données horodatées (timestamped). Cela sert d'alternative "
"à l'utilisation de numéros de version. Les timestamps (ou horodatage) sont "
"par nature une implémentation moins fiable pour le verrouillage optimiste. "
"Cependant, l'application peut parfois utiliser l'horodatage à d'autres fins. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1592
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Simply mark a property of type <classname>Date or "
"<classname>Calendar as @Version."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1596
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Flight implements Serializable {\n"
"...\n"
"    @Version\n"
"    public Date getLastUpdate() { ... }\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1598
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When using timestamp versioning you can tell Hibernate where to retrieve the "
"timestamp value from - database or JVM - by optionally adding the "
"<classname>@org.hibernate.annotations.Source annotation to the "
"property. Possible values for the value attribute of the annotation are "
"<classname>org.hibernate.annotations.SourceType.VM and "
"<classname>org.hibernate.annotations.SourceType.DB. The default "
"is <classname>SourceType.DB which is also used in case there is "
"no <classname>@Source annotation at all."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1609
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Like in the case of version numbers, the timestamp can also be generated by "
"the database instead of Hibernate. To do that, use <code>@org.hibernate."
"annotations.Generated(GenerationTime.ALWAYS).</code>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1613
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "In hbm.xml, use the <literal><timestamp> element:"
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, si nous avons le mappage de <literal><properties> (optional - defaults to the property name): the "
"name of a column holding the timestamp."
msgstr ""
"<literal>column (optionnel - par défaut devient le nom de la "
"propriété) : le nom d'une colonne contenant le timestamp. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1641
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name: the name of a JavaBeans style property of Java type "
"<literal>Date or Timestamp of the persistent "
"class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name : le nom d'une propriété au sens JavaBean de type "
"Java <literal>Date ou Timestamp de la classe "
"persistante. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1647 basic_mapping.xml:2174 basic_mapping.xml:2391
#: basic_mapping.xml:3262 basic_mapping.xml:3456 basic_mapping.xml:3629
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>access (optional - defaults to property (optionnel - par défaut property (optional - defaults to null "
"specifies that the identifier property value should be used."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unsaved-value (optionnel - par défaut à null indique que la valeur "
"de propriété identifiant devrait être utilisée). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1663
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>source (optional - defaults to vm): "
"Where should Hibernate retrieve the timestamp value from? From the database, "
"or from the current JVM? Database-based timestamps incur an overhead because "
"Hibernate must hit the database in order to determine the \"next value\". It "
"is safer to use in clustered environments. Not all <literal>Dialects (optionnel - par défaut à vm) : "
"d'où Hibernate doit-il récupérer la valeur du timestamp? Depuis la base de "
"données ou depuis la JVM d'exécution? Les valeurs de timestamp de la base de "
"données provoquent une surcharge puisque Hibernate doit interroger la base "
"pour déterminer la prochaine valeur mais cela est plus sûr lorsque vous "
"fonctionnez dans un cluster. Remarquez aussi que certains des "
"<literal>Dialect s ne supportent pas cette fonction, et que "
"d'autres l'implémentent mal, à cause d'un manque de précision (Oracle 8 par "
"exemple)."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1676
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>generated (optional - defaults to never for more information."
msgstr ""
"<literal>generated (optionnel - par défaut à never is equivalent to <version "
"type=\"timestamp\"></literal>. And <timestamp source=\"db"
"\"></literal> is equivalent to <version type=\"dbtimestamp"
"\"></literal>"
msgstr ""
"Notez que <literal><timestamp> est équivalent à <"
"version type=\"timestamp\"></literal> et <timestamp source="
"\"db\"></literal> équivaut à <version type=\"dbtimestamp\">"
"</literal>"

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1697
#, no-c-format
msgid "Property"
msgstr "Property"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1699
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You need to decide which property needs to be made persistent in a given "
"entity. This differs slightly between the annotation driven metadata and the "
"hbm.xml files."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1704
#, no-c-format
msgid "Property mapping with annotations"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1706
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the annotations world, every non static non transient property (field or "
"method depending on the access type) of an entity is considered persistent, "
"unless you annotate it as <literal>@Transient. Not having an "
"annotation for your property is equivalent to the appropriate "
"<literal>@Basic annotation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1713
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>@Basic annotation allows you to declare the fetching "
"strategy for a property. If set to <literal>LAZY, specifies that "
"this property should be fetched lazily when the instance variable is first "
"accessed. It requires build-time bytecode instrumentation, if your classes "
"are not instrumented, property level lazy loading is silently ignored. The "
"default is <literal>EAGER. You can also mark a property as not "
"optional thanks to the <classname>@Basic.optional attribute. "
"This will ensure that the underlying column are not nullable (if possible). "
"Note that a better approach is to use the <classname>@NotNull "
"annotation of the Bean Validation specification."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1726
#, no-c-format
msgid "Let's look at a few examples:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1728
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"public transient int counter; //transient property\n"
"\n"
"private String firstname; //persistent property\n"
"\n"
"@Transient\n"
"String getLengthInMeter() { ... } //transient property\n"
"\n"
"String getName() {... } // persistent property\n"
"\n"
"@Basic\n"
"int getLength() { ... } // persistent property\n"
"\n"
"@Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)\n"
"String getDetailedComment() { ... } // persistent property\n"
"\n"
"@Temporal(TemporalType.TIME)\n"
"java.util.Date getDepartureTime() { ... } // persistent property           \n"
"\n"
"@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)\n"
"Starred getNote() { ... } //enum persisted as String in database"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1730
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>counter, a transient field, and lengthInMeter@Transient, and will be "
"ignored by the Hibernate. <literal>name, lengthfirstname properties are mapped persistent "
"and eagerly fetched (the default for simple properties). The "
"<literal>detailedComment property value will be lazily fetched "
"from the database once a lazy property of the entity is accessed for the "
"first time. Usually you don't need to lazy simple properties (not to be "
"confused with lazy association fetching). The recommended alternative is to "
"use the projection capability of JP-QL (Java Persistence Query Language) or "
"Criteria queries."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1743
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"JPA support property mapping of all basic types supported by Hibernate (all "
"basic Java types , their respective wrappers and serializable classes). "
"Hibernate Annotations supports out of the box enum type mapping either into "
"a ordinal column (saving the enum ordinal) or a string based column (saving "
"the enum string representation): the persistence representation, defaulted "
"to ordinal, can be overridden through the <literal>@Enumerated "
"annotation as shown in the <literal>note property example."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1753
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In plain Java APIs, the temporal precision of time is not defined. When "
"dealing with temporal data you might want to describe the expected precision "
"in database. Temporal data can have <literal>DATE, TIMETIMESTAMP precision (ie the actual date, "
"only the time, or both). Use the <literal>@Temporal annotation to "
"fine tune that."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1761
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>@Lob indicates that the property should be persisted in a "
"Blob or a Clob depending on the property type: <classname>java.sql.ClobCharacter[], char[]String will be persisted in "
"a Clob. <classname>java.sql.Blob, Byte[], "
"<classname>byte[] and Serializable type "
"will be persisted in a Blob."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1770
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Lob\n"
"public String getFullText() {\n"
"    return fullText;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Lob\n"
"public byte[] getFullCode() {\n"
"    return fullCode;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1772
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the property type implements <classname>java.io.Serializable "
"and is not a basic type, and if the property is not annotated with "
"<literal>@Lob, then the Hibernate serializable "
"type is used."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1779
#, no-c-format
msgid "Type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1781
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also manually specify a type using the <literal>@org.hibernate."
"annotations.Type</literal> and some parameters if needed. @Type."
"type</classname> could be:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1788 basic_mapping.xml:2220
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The name of a Hibernate basic type: <literal>integer, string, character, "
"date, timestamp, float, binary, serializable, object, blob</literal> etc."
msgstr ""
"Le nom d'un type basique Hibernate (par ex : <literal>integer, string, "
"character, date, timestamp, float, binary, serializable, object, blob</"
"literal> etc.). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1794 basic_mapping.xml:2226
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The name of a Java class with a default basic type: <literal>int, float, "
"char, java.lang.String, java.util.Date, java.lang.Integer, java.sql.Clob</"
"literal> etc."
msgstr ""
"le nom d'une classe Java avec un type basique par défaut (par ex : "
"<literal>int, float, char, java.lang.String, java.util.Date, java.lang."
"Integer, java.sql.Clob</literal> etc.). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1800 basic_mapping.xml:2232
#, no-c-format
msgid "The name of a serializable Java class."
msgstr "Le nom d'une classe Java sérialisable."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1804 basic_mapping.xml:2236
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The class name of a custom type: <literal>com.illflow.type.MyCustomType. (Par "
"exemple, pour distinguer <literal>Hibernate.DATE et "
"<literal>Hibernate.TIMESTAMP, ou pour préciser un type "
"personnalisé)."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1814
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>@org.hibernate.annotations.TypeDef and @org."
"hibernate.annotations.TypeDefs</literal> allows you to declare type "
"definitions. These annotations can be placed at the class or package level. "
"Note that these definitions are global for the session factory (even when "
"defined at the class level). If the type is used on a single entity, you can "
"place the definition on the entity itself. Otherwise, it is recommended to "
"place the definition at the package level. In the example below, when "
"Hibernate encounters a property of class <literal>PhoneNumer, it "
"delegates the persistence strategy to the custom mapping type "
"<literal>PhoneNumberType. However, properties belonging to other "
"classes, too, can delegate their persistence strategy to "
"<literal>PhoneNumberType, by explicitly using the @Type "
"attribute to customize the TypeDef."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1841
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"//in org/hibernate/test/annotations/entity/package-info.java\n"
"@TypeDefs(\n"
"    {\n"
"    @TypeDef(\n"
"        name=\"caster\",\n"
"        typeClass = CasterStringType.class,\n"
"        parameters = {\n"
"            @Parameter(name=\"cast\", value=\"lower\")\n"
"        }\n"
"    )\n"
"    }\n"
")\n"
"package org.hibernate.test.annotations.entity;\n"
"\n"
"//in org/hibernate/test/annotations/entity/Forest.java\n"
"public class Forest {\n"
"    @Type(type=\"caster\")\n"
"    public String getSmallText() {\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1843
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When using composite user type, you will have to express column definitions. "
"The <literal>@Columns has been introduced for that purpose."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1847
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Type(type=\"org.hibernate.test.annotations.entity.MonetaryAmountUserType"
"\")\n"
"@Columns(columns = {\n"
"    @Column(name=\"r_amount\"),\n"
"    @Column(name=\"r_currency\")\n"
"})\n"
"public MonetaryAmount getAmount() {\n"
"    return amount;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"public class MonetaryAmount implements Serializable {\n"
"    private BigDecimal amount;\n"
"    private Currency currency;\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1851
#, no-c-format
msgid "Access type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1853
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default the access type of a class hierarchy is defined by the position "
"of the <classname>@Id or @EmbeddedId "
"annotations. If these annotations are on a field, then only fields are "
"considered for persistence and the state is accessed via the field. If there "
"annotations are on a getter, then only the getters are considered for "
"persistence and the state is accessed via the getter/setter. That works well "
"in practice and is the recommended approach."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1861
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The placement of annotations within a class hierarchy has to be consistent "
"(either field or on property) to be able to determine the default access "
"type. It is recommended to stick to one single annotation placement strategy "
"throughout your whole application."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1868
#, no-c-format
msgid "However in some situations, you need to:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1872
#, no-c-format
msgid "force the access type of the entity hierarchy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1876
#, no-c-format
msgid "override the access type of a specific entity in the class hierarchy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1881
#, no-c-format
msgid "override the access type of an embeddable type"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1885
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The best use case is an embeddable class used by several entities that might "
"not use the same access type. In this case it is better to force the access "
"type at the embeddable class level."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1890
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To force the access type on a given class, use the <classname>@Access "
"except for the <literal>orderNumber property. Note that the "
"corresponding field, if any must be marked as <classname>@Transienttransient."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1907
#, no-c-format
msgid "@org.hibernate.annotations.AccessType"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1909
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The annotation <classname>@org.hibernate.annotations.AccessType "
"should be considered deprecated for FIELD and PROPERTY access. It is still "
"useful however if you need to use a custom access type."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1918
#, no-c-format
msgid "Optimistic lock"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1920
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is sometimes useful to avoid increasing the version number even if a "
"given property is dirty (particularly collections). You can do that by "
"annotating the property (or collection) with <literal>@OptimisticLock"
"(excluded=true)</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1925
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"More formally, specifies that updates to this property do not require "
"acquisition of the optimistic lock."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:1930
#, no-c-format
msgid "Declaring column attributes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1932
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The column(s) used for a property mapping can be defined using the "
"<literal>@Column annotation. Use it to override default values "
"(see the JPA specification for more information on the defaults). You can "
"use this annotation at the property level for properties that are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1940
#, no-c-format
msgid "not annotated at all"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1944
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "annotated with <literal>@Basic"
msgstr "<literal>assigned"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1948
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "annotated with <literal>@Version"
msgstr "<literal>string"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1952
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "annotated with <literal>@Lob"
msgstr "<literal>hilo"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1956
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "annotated with <literal>@Temporal"
msgstr "<literal>serializable"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1960
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Flight implements Serializable {\n"
"...\n"
"@Column(updatable = false, name = \"flight_name\", nullable = false, "
"length=50)\n"
"public String getName() { ... }"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1962
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>name property is mapped to the flight_name or @Version properties."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:1994
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Column(\n"
"    name=\"columnName\";\n"
"    boolean unique() default false;\n"
"    boolean nullable() default true;\n"
"    boolean insertable() default true;\n"
"    boolean updatable() default true;\n"
"    String columnDefinition() default \"\";\n"
"    String table() default \"\";\n"
"    int length() default 255;\n"
"    int precision() default 0; // decimal precision\n"
"    int scale() default 0; // decimal scale"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:1998
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name (optional): the column name (default to the property "
"name)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>name (optionnel) : nom de la propriété de l'identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2003
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>unique (optional): set a unique constraint on this column "
"or not (default false)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>unique (optionnel) : génère le DDL d'une contrainte "
"d'unicité pour les colonnes. Permet aussi d'en faire la cible d'une "
"<literal>property-ref."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2008
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>nullable (optional): set the column as nullable (default "
"true)."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name (optionnel) : nom de la propriété de l'identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2013
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>insertable (optional): whether or not the column will be "
"part of the insert statement (default true)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>name (optionnel) : nom de la propriété de l'identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2019
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>updatable (optional): whether or not the column will be "
"part of the update statement (default true)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>catalog (optionnel) : le nom d'un catalogue de base de "
"données. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2025
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>columnDefinition (optional): override the sql DDL "
"fragment for this particular column (non portable)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2031
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>table (optional): define the targeted table (default "
"primary table)"
msgstr ""
"<literal>catalog (optionnel) : le nom d'un catalogue de base de "
"données. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2036
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>length (optional): column length "
"(default 255)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2041
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>precision (optional): column decimal "
"precision (default 0)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2046
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>scale (optional): column decimal scale "
"if useful (default 0)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2054
#, no-c-format
msgid "Formula"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2056
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Sometimes, you want the Database to do some computation for you rather than "
"in the JVM, you might also create some kind of virtual column. You can use a "
"SQL fragment (aka formula) instead of mapping a property into a column. This "
"kind of property is read only (its value is calculated by your formula "
"fragment)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2062
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Formula(\"obj_length * obj_height * obj_width\")\n"
"public long getObjectVolume()"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2064
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The SQL fragment can be as complex as you want and even include subselects."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2069
#, no-c-format
msgid "Non-annotated property defaults"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2071
#, no-c-format
msgid "If a property is not annotated, the following rules apply:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2074
#, no-c-format
msgid "If the property is of a single type, it is mapped as @Basic"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2079
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Otherwise, if the type of the property is annotated as @Embeddable, it is "
"mapped as @Embedded"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2084
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Otherwise, if the type of the property is <classname>Serializable@Basic in a column "
"holding the object in its serialized version"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2091
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Otherwise, if the type of the property is <classname>java.sql.Clobjava.sql.Blob, it is mapped as "
"<classname>@Lob with the appropriate LobType element declares a persistent "
"JavaBean style property of the class."
msgstr ""
"L'élément <literal><property> déclare une propriété "
"persistante de la classe au sens JavaBean."

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2136
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<property\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        column=\"column_name\"\n"
"        type=\"typename\"\n"
"        update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        formula=\"arbitrary SQL expression\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        lazy=\"true|false\"\n"
"        unique=\"true|false\"\n"
"        not-null=\"true|false\"\n"
"        optimistic-lock=\"true|false\"\n"
"        generated=\"never|insert|always\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name|@attribute-name|element/@attribute|.\"\n"
"        index=\"index_name\"\n"
"        unique_key=\"unique_key_id\"\n"
"        length=\"L\"\n"
"        precision=\"P\"\n"
"        scale=\"S\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2140
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name: the name of the property, with an initial lowercase "
"letter."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name : nom de la propriété, avec une lettre initiale en "
"minuscule. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2145
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>column (optional - defaults to the property name): the "
"name of the mapped database table column. This can also be specified by "
"nested <literal><column> element(s)."
msgstr ""
"<literal>column (optionnel - par défaut au nom de la propriété) : "
"le nom de la colonne mappée. Cela peut aussi être indiqué dans le(s) sous-"
"élément(s) <literal><column> imbriqués. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2157
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>update, insert (optional - defaults to true and/or INSERT statements. "
"Setting both to <literal>false allows a pure \"derived\" property "
"whose value is initialized from some other property that maps to the same "
"column(s), or by a trigger or other application."
msgstr ""
"<literal>update, insert (optionnel - par défaut à true et/ou des INSERTfalse autorise une propriété "
"pure dérivée dont la valeur est initialisée de quelque autre propriété qui "
"mappe à la même colonne(s) ou par un trigger ou une autre application. "
"(utile si vous savez qu'un trigger affectera la valeur à la colonne). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2167
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>formula (optional): an SQL expression that defines the "
"value for a <emphasis>computed property. Computed properties do "
"not have a column mapping of their own."
msgstr ""
"<literal>formula (optionnel) : une expression SQL qui définit la "
"valeur pour une propriété <emphasis>calculée. Les propriétés "
"calculées ne possèdent pas leur propre mappage."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2180
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional - defaults to false): "
"specifies that this property should be fetched lazily when the instance "
"variable is first accessed. It requires build-time bytecode instrumentation."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel - par défaut à false (optional): enables the DDL generation of a unique "
"constraint for the columns. Also, allow this to be the target of a "
"<literal>property-ref."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unique (optionnel) : génère le DDL d'une contrainte "
"d'unicité pour les colonnes. Permet aussi d'en faire la cible d'une "
"<literal>property-ref."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2194
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>not-null (optional): enables the DDL generation of a "
"nullability constraint for the columns."
msgstr ""
"<literal>not-null (optionnel) : génère le DDL d'une contrainte de "
"nullité pour les colonnes."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2199 basic_mapping.xml:3282
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>optimistic-lock (optional - defaults to true (optionnel - par défaut à true (optional - defaults to never for more information."
msgstr ""
"<literal>generated (optionnel - par défaut à never could be:"
msgstr "<emphasis>typename peut être :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2241
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you do not specify a type, Hibernate will use reflection upon the named "
"property and guess the correct Hibernate type. Hibernate will attempt to "
"interpret the name of the return class of the property getter using, in "
"order, rules 2, 3, and 4. In certain cases you will need the <literal>typeHibernate."
"DATE</literal> and Hibernate.TIMESTAMP, or to specify a "
"custom type."
msgstr ""
"Si vous n'indiquez pas un type, Hibernate utilisera la réflexion sur le nom "
"de la propriété pour tenter de trouver le type Hibernate correct. Hibernate "
"essayera d'interprêter le nom de la classe retournée par le getter de la "
"propriété en utilisant les règles 2, 3, 4 dans cet ordre. Dans certains cas "
"vous aurez encore besoin de l'attribut <literal>type. (Par "
"exemple, pour distinguer <literal>Hibernate.DATE et "
"<literal>Hibernate.TIMESTAMP, ou pour préciser un type "
"personnalisé)."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2250
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>access attribute allows you to control how Hibernate "
"accesses the property at runtime. By default, Hibernate will call the "
"property get/set pair. If you specify <literal>access=\"field\", "
"Hibernate will bypass the get/set pair and access the field directly using "
"reflection. You can specify your own strategy for property access by naming "
"a class that implements the interface <literal>org.hibernate.property."
"PropertyAccessor</literal>."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut <literal>access permet de contrôler comment Hibernate "
"accédera à la propriété à l'exécution. Par défaut, Hibernate utilisera les "
"méthodes set/get. Si vous indiquez <literal>access=\"field\", "
"Hibernate ignorera les getter/setter et accédera à la propriété directement "
"en utilisant la réflexion. Vous pouvez spécifier votre propre stratégie "
"d'accès aux propriétés en nommant une classe qui implémente l'interface "
"<literal>org.hibernate.propertexige une instrumentation de code d'octets "
"build-timey.PropertyAccessor</literal>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2259
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A powerful feature is derived properties. These properties are by definition "
"read-only. The property value is computed at load time. You declare the "
"computation as an SQL expression. This then translates to a <literal>SELECT in the given example. "
"You can also use the nested <literal><formula> mapping "
"element if you do not want to use the attribute."
msgstr ""
"Remarquez que vous pouvez référencer la propre table des entités en ne "
"déclarant pas un alias sur une colonne particulière (<literal>customerId plutôt que d'utiliser "
"l'attribut si vous le souhaitez. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2276
#, no-c-format
msgid "Embedded objects (aka components)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2278
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Embeddable objects (or components) are objects whose properties are mapped "
"to the same table as the owning entity's table. Components can, in turn, "
"declare their own properties, components or collections"
msgstr ""
"L'élément <literal><component> mappe les propriétés d'un "
"objet enfant aux colonnes d'une classe parente. Les composants peuvent en "
"retour déclarer leurs propres propriétés, composants ou collections. Voir "
"\"Components\" plus bas :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2283
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is possible to declare an embedded component inside an entity and even "
"override its column mapping. Component classes have to be annotated at the "
"class level with the <literal>@Embeddable annotation. It is "
"possible to override the column mapping of an embedded object for a "
"particular entity using the <literal>@Embedded and "
"<literal>@AttributeOverride annotation in the associated property:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2291
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Person implements Serializable {\n"
"\n"
"    // Persistent component using defaults\n"
"    Address homeAddress;\n"
"\n"
"    @Embedded\n"
"    @AttributeOverrides( {\n"
"            @AttributeOverride(name=\"iso2\", column = @Column(name="
"\"bornIso2\") ),\n"
"            @AttributeOverride(name=\"name\", column = @Column(name="
"\"bornCountryName\") )\n"
"    } )\n"
"    Country bornIn;\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2293
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Embeddable\n"
"public class Address implements Serializable {\n"
"    String city;\n"
"    Country nationality; //no overriding here\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2295
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Embeddable\n"
"public class Country implements Serializable {\n"
"    private String iso2;\n"
"    @Column(name=\"countryName\") private String name;\n"
"\n"
"    public String getIso2() { return iso2; }\n"
"    public void setIso2(String iso2) { this.iso2 = iso2; }\n"
"\n"
"    \n"
"    public String getName() { return name; }\n"
"    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2297
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"An embeddable object inherits the access type of its owning entity (note "
"that you can override that using the <literal>@Access annotation)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2301
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>Person entity has two component properties, "
"<literal>homeAddress and bornIn. "
"<literal>homeAddress property has not been annotated, but "
"Hibernate will guess that it is a persistent component by looking for the "
"<literal>@Embeddable annotation in the Address class. We also "
"override the mapping of a column name (to <literal>bornCountryName@Embedded and "
"<literal>@AttributeOverride annotations for each mapped attribute "
"of <literal>Country. As you can see, Country is "
"also a nested component of <literal>Address, again using auto-"
"detection by Hibernate and JPA defaults. Overriding columns of embedded "
"objects of embedded objects is through dotted expressions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2316
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Embedded\n"
"    @AttributeOverrides( {\n"
"            @AttributeOverride(name=\"city\", column = @Column(name="
"\"fld_city\") ),\n"
"            @AttributeOverride(name=\"nationality.iso2\", column = @Column"
"(name=\"nat_Iso2\") ),\n"
"            @AttributeOverride(name=\"nationality.name\", column = @Column"
"(name=\"nat_CountryName\") )\n"
"            //nationality columns in homeAddress are overridden\n"
"    } )\n"
"    Address homeAddress;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2318
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate Annotations supports something that is not explicitly supported by "
"the JPA specification. You can annotate a embedded object with the "
"<literal>@MappedSuperclass annotation to make the superclass "
"properties persistent (see <literal>@MappedSuperclass for more "
"informations)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2324
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also use association annotations in an embeddable object (ie "
"<literal>@OneToOne, @ManyToOne, "
"<classname>@OneToMany or @ManyToMany). To "
"override the association columns you can use <literal>@AssociationOverride "
"interface. You can write a strategy that prevent name clashing in such a "
"situation. <classname>DefaultComponentSafeNamingStrategy is an "
"example of this."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2340
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If a property of the embedded object points back to the owning entity, "
"annotate it with the <classname>@Parent annotation. Hibernate "
"will make sure this property is properly loaded with the entity reference."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2345
#, no-c-format
msgid "In XML, use the <literal><component> element."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2367
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<component\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        class=\"className\"\n"
"        insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        lazy=\"true|false\"\n"
"        optimistic-lock=\"true|false\"\n"
"        unique=\"true|false\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name|.\"\n"
">\n"
"\n"
"        <property ...../>\n"
"        <many-to-one .... />\n"
"        ........\n"
"</component>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2371 basic_mapping.xml:3217 basic_mapping.xml:3417
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>name: the name of the property."
msgstr "<literal>name : le nom de la propriété. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2375
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>class (optional - defaults to the property type "
"determined by reflection): the name of the component (child) class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>class (optionnel - par défaut au type de la propriété "
"déterminé par réflexion) : le nom de la classe (enfant) du composant. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2381 basic_mapping.xml:3677
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>insert: do the mapped columns appear in SQL "
"<literal>INSERTs?"
msgstr ""
"<literal>insert : les colonnes mappées apparaissent-elles dans les "
"SQL <literal>INSERT s ? "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2386 basic_mapping.xml:3682
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>update: do the mapped columns appear in SQL "
"<literal>UPDATEs?"
msgstr ""
"<literal>update: les colonnes mappées apparaissent-elles dans les "
"SQL <literal>UPDATE s ? "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2397
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional - defaults to false): "
"specifies that this component should be fetched lazily when the instance "
"variable is first accessed. It requires build-time bytecode instrumentation."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel - par défaut à false (optional - defaults to true (optionnel - par défaut à true (optional - defaults to false): "
"specifies that a unique constraint exists upon all mapped columns of the "
"component."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unique (optionnel - par défaut à false tags map properties of the "
"child class to table columns."
msgstr ""
"Les balises enfant <literal><property> mappent les "
"propriétés de la classe enfant sur les colonnes de la table. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2422
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal><component> element allows a <"
"parent></literal> subelement that maps a property of the component class "
"as a reference back to the containing entity."
msgstr ""
"L'élément <literal><component> permet de déclarer un sous-"
"élément <literal><parent> qui associe une propriété de la "
"classe composant comme une référence arrière vers l'entité contenante. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2426
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal><dynamic-component> element allows a "
"<literal>Map to be mapped as a component, where the property names "
"refer to keys of the map. See <xref linkend=\"components-dynamic\"/> for "
"more information. This feature is not supported in annotations."
msgstr ""
"L'élément <literal><dynamic-component> permet à une "
"<literal>Map d'être mappée en tant que composant, quand les noms "
"de la propriété font référence aux clés de cette Map. Voir <xref linkend="
"\"components-dynamic\" />. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2434
#, no-c-format
msgid "Inheritance strategy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2436
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Java is a language supporting polymorphism: a class can inherit from "
"another. Several strategies are possible to persist a class hierarchy:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2442
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Single table per class hierarchy strategy: a single table hosts all the "
"instances of a class hierarchy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2447
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Joined subclass strategy: one table per class and subclass is present and "
"each table persist the properties specific to a given subclass. The state of "
"the entity is then stored in its corresponding class table and all its "
"superclasses"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2454
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Table per class strategy: one table per concrete class and subclass is "
"present and each table persist the properties of the class and its "
"superclasses. The state of the entity is then stored entirely in the "
"dedicated table for its class."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2462
#, no-c-format
msgid "Single table per class hierarchy strategy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2464
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With this approach the properties of all the subclasses in a given mapped "
"class hierarchy are stored in a single table."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2467
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Each subclass declares its own persistent properties and subclasses. Version "
"and id properties are assumed to be inherited from the root class. Each "
"subclass in a hierarchy must define a unique discriminator value. If this is "
"not specified, the fully qualified Java class name is used."
msgstr ""
"Chaque sous-classe devrait déclarer ses propres propriétés persistantes et "
"sous-classes. Les propriétés <literal><version> et "
"<literal><id> sont implicitement hérités de la classe "
"racine. Chaque sous-classe dans une hiérarchie doit définir une unique "
"<literal>discriminator-value. Si non spécifiée, le nom complet de "
"la classe Java est utilisé. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2473 basic_mapping.xml:2581
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"@Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)\n"
"@DiscriminatorColumn(\n"
"    name=\"planetype\",\n"
"    discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING\n"
")\n"
"@DiscriminatorValue(\"Plane\")\n"
"public class Plane { ... }\n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"@DiscriminatorValue(\"A320\")\n"
"public class A320 extends Plane { ... }"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2475
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In hbm.xml, for the table-per-class-hierarchy mapping strategy, the "
"<literal><subclass> declaration is used. For example:"
msgstr ""
"Pour finir, la persistance polymorphique nécessite la déclaration de chaque "
"sous-classe de la classe racine persistante. Pour la stratégie de mappage de "
"type table-per-class-hierarchy, on utilise la déclaration <literal><"
"subclass></literal>. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2490
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<subclass\n"
"        name=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        discriminator-value=\"discriminator_value\"\n"
"        proxy=\"ProxyInterface\"\n"
"        lazy=\"true|false\"\n"
"        dynamic-update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        dynamic-insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"EntityName\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name\"\n"
"        extends=\"SuperclassName\">\n"
"\n"
"        <property .... />\n"
"        .....\n"
"</subclass>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2494 basic_mapping.xml:2692 basic_mapping.xml:2756
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name: the fully qualified class name of the subclass."
msgstr "<literal>name : le nom de classe complet de la sous-classe. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2499
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>discriminator-value (optional - defaults to the class "
"name): a value that distinguishes individual subclasses."
msgstr ""
"<literal>discriminator-value (optionnel - par défaut le nom de la "
"classe) : une valeur qui distingue les différentes sous-classes. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2505
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>proxy (optional): specifies a class or interface used for "
"lazy initializing proxies."
msgstr ""
"<literal>proxy (optionnel) : indique une classe ou interface à "
"utiliser pour l'initialisation différée des proxies. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2510
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional - defaults to true): "
"setting <literal>lazy=\"false\" disables the use of lazy fetching."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel, par défaut à true) : "
"spécifier <literal>lazy=\"false\" désactive l'utilisation de "
"l'extraction différée."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2518 basic_mapping.xml:2721 basic_mapping.xml:2782
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For information about inheritance mappings see <xref linkend=\"inheritance\"/"
">."
msgstr ""
"Pour plus d'informations sur les mappages d'héritage, consultez le <xref "
"linkend=\"inheritance\" />. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2522
#, no-c-format
msgid "Discriminator"
msgstr "Discriminator"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2524
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Discriminators are required for polymorphic persistence using the table-per-"
"class-hierarchy mapping strategy. It declares a discriminator column of the "
"table. The discriminator column contains marker values that tell the "
"persistence layer what subclass to instantiate for a particular row. "
"Hibernate Core supports the follwoing restricted set of types as "
"discriminator column: <literal>string, characterinteger, byte, "
"<literal>short, boolean, yes_notrue_false."
msgstr ""
"L'élément <literal><discriminator> est nécessaire pour la "
"persistance polymorphique qui utilise la stratégie de mappage de table par "
"hiérarchie de classe et déclare une colonne discriminante de la table. La "
"colonne discriminante contient des valeurs marqueur qui permettent à la "
"couche de persistance de savoir quelle sous-classe instancier pour une ligne "
"particulière de table en base. Un nombre restreint de types peuvent être "
"utilisés : <literal>string, character, "
"<literal>integer, byte, shortboolean, yes_no, "
"<literal>true_false."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2535
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Use the <classname>@DiscriminatorColumn to define the "
"discriminator column as well as the discriminator type. <note> "
"<para>The enum DiscriminatorType used in "
"<classname>javax.persitence.DiscriminatorColumn only contains "
"the values <constant>STRING, CHAR and "
"<constant>INTEGER which means that not all Hibernate supported "
"types are available via the <classname>@DiscriminatorColumn "
"annotation.</para> You can also use @DiscriminatorFormula@DiscriminatorFormula are to be set on "
"the root entity (once per persisted hierarchy)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2552
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<classname>@org.hibernate.annotations.DiscriminatorOptions "
"allows to optionally specify Hibernate specific discriminator options which "
"are not standardized in JPA. The available options are <literal>forceinsert. The force "
"attribute is useful if the table contains rows with \"extra\" discriminator "
"values that are not mapped to a persistent class. This could for example "
"occur when working with a legacy database. If <literal>force is "
"set to <constant>true Hibernate will specify the allowed "
"discriminator values in the <literal>SELECT query, even when "
"retrieving all instances of the root class. The second option - "
"<literal>insert - tells Hibernate whether or not to include the "
"discriminator column in SQL <literal>INSERTs. Usually the column "
"should be part of the <literal>INSERT statement, but if your "
"discriminator column is also part of a mapped composite identifier you have "
"to set this option to <constant>false."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2569
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There is also a <classname>@org.hibernate.annotations.ForceDiscriminator instead."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2575
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Finally, use <classname>@DiscriminatorValue on each class of the "
"hierarchy to specify the value stored in the discriminator column for a "
"given entity. If you do not set <classname>@DiscriminatorValue "
"on a class, the fully qualified class name is used."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2583
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In hbm.xml, the <literal><discriminator> element is used to "
"define the discriminator column or formula:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2600
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<discriminator\n"
"        column=\"discriminator_column\"\n"
"        type=\"discriminator_type\"\n"
"        force=\"true|false\"\n"
"        insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        formula=\"arbitrary sql expression\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2604
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>column (optional - defaults to class): "
"the name of the discriminator column."
msgstr ""
"<literal>column (optionnel - par défaut à class (optional - defaults to string): "
"a name that indicates the Hibernate type"
msgstr ""
"<literal>type (optionnel - par défaut à string) "
"un nom indiquant le type Hibernate. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2616
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>force (optional - defaults to false): "
"\"forces\" Hibernate to specify the allowed discriminator values, even when "
"retrieving all instances of the root class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>force (optionnel - par défaut à false) "
"\"oblige\" Hibernate à spécifier une valeur discriminante autorisée même "
"quand on récupère toutes les instances de la classe de base. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2623
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>insert (optional - defaults to true): "
"set this to <literal>false if your discriminator column is also "
"part of a mapped composite identifier. It tells Hibernate not to include the "
"column in SQL <literal>INSERTs."
msgstr ""
"<literal>insert (optionnel - par défaut à true) "
"à passer à <literal>false si la colonne discriminante fait aussi "
"partie d'un identifiant composé mappé (Indique à Hibernate de ne pas inclure "
"la colonne dans les SQL <literal>INSERT s). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2631
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>formula (optional): an arbitrary SQL expression that is "
"executed when a type has to be evaluated. It allows content-based "
"discrimination."
msgstr ""
"<literal>formula (optionnel) une expression SQL arbitraire qui est "
"exécutée quand un type doit être évalué. Permet la discrimination basée sur "
"le contenu. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2638
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Actual values of the discriminator column are specified by the "
"<literal>discriminator-value attribute of the <"
"class></literal> and <subclass> elements."
msgstr ""
"Les véritables valeurs de la colonne discriminante sont spécifiées par "
"l'attribut <literal>discriminator-value des éléments <"
"class></literal> et <subclass>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2643
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>formula attribute allows you to declare an arbitrary "
"SQL expression that will be used to evaluate the type of a row. For example:"
msgstr ""
"En utilisant l'attribut <literal>formula vous pouvez déclarer une "
"expression SQL arbitraire qui sera utilisée pour évaluer le type d'une "
"ligne : "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2647
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<discriminator\n"
"    formula=\"case when CLASS_TYPE in ('a', 'b', 'c') then 0 else 1 end\"\n"
"    type=\"integer\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2652
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Joined subclass strategy"
msgstr "Joined-subclass"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2654
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Each subclass can also be mapped to its own table. This is called the table-"
"per-subclass mapping strategy. An inherited state is retrieved by joining "
"with the table of the superclass. A discriminator column is not required for "
"this mapping strategy. Each subclass must, however, declare a table column "
"holding the object identifier. The primary key of this table is also a "
"foreign key to the superclass table and described by the "
"<classname>@PrimaryKeyJoinColumns or the <key> is not set, the primary key / "
"foreign key columns are assumed to have the same names as the primary key "
"columns of the primary table of the superclass."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2674
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In hbm.xml, use the <literal><joined-subclass> element. For "
"example:"
msgstr ""
"Déclarez une classe persistante avec l'élément <literal>class. "
"Part exemple :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2688
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<joined-subclass\n"
"        name=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        table=\"tablename\"\n"
"        proxy=\"ProxyInterface\"\n"
"        lazy=\"true|false\"\n"
"        dynamic-update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        dynamic-insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        schema=\"schema\"\n"
"        catalog=\"catalog\"\n"
"        extends=\"SuperclassName\"\n"
"        persister=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        subselect=\"SQL expression\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"EntityName\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name\">\n"
"\n"
"        <key .... >\n"
"\n"
"        <property .... />\n"
"        .....\n"
"</joined-subclass>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2697 basic_mapping.xml:2761
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>table: the name of the subclass table."
msgstr "<literal>table: le nom de la table de la sous-classe. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2702 basic_mapping.xml:2766
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>proxy (optional): specifies a class or interface to use "
"for lazy initializing proxies."
msgstr ""
"<literal>proxy (optionnel) : indique une classe ou interface à "
"utiliser pour l'initialisation différée des proxies. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2707 basic_mapping.xml:2771
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional, defaults to true): "
"setting <literal>lazy=\"false\" disables the use of lazy fetching."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel, par défaut à true) : "
"spécifier <literal>lazy=\"false\" désactive l'utilisation de "
"l'extraction différée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2715
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Use the <literal><key> element to declare the primary key / "
"foreign key column. The mapping at the start of the chapter would then be re-"
"written as:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2719
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n"
"<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC\n"
"        \"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN\"\n"
"        \"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd\">\n"
"\n"
"<hibernate-mapping package=\"eg\">\n"
"\n"
"        <class name=\"Cat\" table=\"CATS\">\n"
"                <id name=\"id\" column=\"uid\" type=\"long\">\n"
"                        <generator class=\"hilo\"/>\n"
"                </id>\n"
"                <property name=\"birthdate\" type=\"date\"/>\n"
"                <property name=\"color\" not-null=\"true\"/>\n"
"                <property name=\"sex\" not-null=\"true\"/>\n"
"                <property name=\"weight\"/>\n"
"                <many-to-one name=\"mate\"/>\n"
"                <set name=\"kittens\">\n"
"                        <key column=\"MOTHER\"/>\n"
"                        <one-to-many class=\"Cat\"/>\n"
"                </set>\n"
"                <joined-subclass name=\"DomesticCat\" table="
"\"DOMESTIC_CATS\">\n"
"                    <key column=\"CAT\"/>\n"
"                    <property name=\"name\" type=\"string\"/>\n"
"                </joined-subclass>\n"
"        </class>\n"
"\n"
"        <class name=\"eg.Dog\">\n"
"                <!-- mapping for Dog could go here -->\n"
"        </class>\n"
"\n"
"</hibernate-mapping>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2726
#, no-c-format
msgid "Table per class strategy"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2728
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A third option is to map only the concrete classes of an inheritance "
"hierarchy to tables. This is called the table-per-concrete-class strategy. "
"Each table defines all persistent states of the class, including the "
"inherited state. In Hibernate, it is not necessary to explicitly map such "
"inheritance hierarchies. You can map each class as a separate entity root. "
"However, if you wish use polymorphic associations (e.g. an association to "
"the superclass of your hierarchy), you need to use the union subclass "
"mapping."
msgstr ""
"Une troisième option est de mapper uniquement les classes concrètes d'une "
"hiérarchie d'héritage vers des tables, (stratégie de type table-per-concrete-"
"class) où chaque table définit tous les états persistants de la classe, y "
"compris les états hérités. Dans Hibernate il n'est absolument pas nécessaire "
"de mapper explicitement de telles hiérarchies d'héritage. Vous pouvez "
"simplement mapper chaque classe avec une déclaration <literal><class>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2794
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@MappedSuperclass\n"
"public class BaseEntity {\n"
"    @Basic\n"
"    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)\n"
"    public Date getLastUpdate() { ... }\n"
"    public String getLastUpdater() { ... }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity class Order extends BaseEntity {\n"
"    @Id public Integer getId() { ... }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2796
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In database, this hierarchy will be represented as an <literal>Orderid, lastUpdatelastUpdater columns. The embedded superclass "
"property mappings are copied into their entity subclasses. Remember that the "
"embeddable superclass is not the root of the hierarchy though."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2804
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Properties from superclasses not mapped as <literal>@MappedSuperclass annotation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2814
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The same notion can be applied to <literal>@Embeddable objects to "
"persist properties from their superclasses. You also need to use "
"<literal>@MappedSuperclass to do that (this should not be "
"considered as a standard EJB3 feature though)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2822
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is allowed to mark a class as <literal>@MappedSuperclass in the "
"middle of the mapped inheritance hierarchy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2828
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any class in the hierarchy non annotated with <literal>@MappedSuperclass@Entity will be ignored."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2833
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can override columns defined in entity superclasses at the root entity "
"level using the <literal>@AttributeOverride annotation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2837
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@MappedSuperclass\n"
"public class FlyingObject implements Serializable {\n"
"\n"
"    public int getAltitude() {\n"
"        return altitude;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    @Transient\n"
"    public int getMetricAltitude() {\n"
"        return metricAltitude;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    @ManyToOne\n"
"    public PropulsionType getPropulsion() {\n"
"        return metricAltitude;\n"
"    }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"@AttributeOverride( name=\"altitude\", column = @Column(name=\"fld_altitude"
"\") )\n"
"@AssociationOverride( \n"
"   name=\"propulsion\", \n"
"   joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name=\"fld_propulsion_fk\") \n"
")\n"
"public class Plane extends FlyingObject {\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2839
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>altitude property will be persisted in an "
"<literal>fld_altitude column of table Plane and "
"the propulsion association will be materialized in a "
"<literal>fld_propulsion_fk foreign key column."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2845
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can define <literal>@AttributeOverride(s) and "
"<literal>@AssociationOverride(s) on @Entity "
"classes, <literal>@MappedSuperclass classes and properties "
"pointing to an <literal>@Embeddable object."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2851
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In hbm.xml, simply map the properties of the superclass in the <literal><"
"class></literal> element of the entity that needs to inherit them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:2857
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mapping one entity to several tables"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2859
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"While not recommended for a fresh schema, some legacy databases force your "
"to map a single entity on several tables."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2862
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Using the <literal>@SecondaryTable or @SecondaryTables parameter of "
"<literal>@Column or @JoinColumn."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:2868
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"@Table(name=\"MainCat\")\n"
"@SecondaryTables({\n"
"    @SecondaryTable(name=\"Cat1\", pkJoinColumns={\n"
"        @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name=\"cat_id\", referencedColumnName=\"id\")\n"
"    ),\n"
"    @SecondaryTable(name=\"Cat2\", uniqueConstraints={@UniqueConstraint"
"(columnNames={\"storyPart2\"})})\n"
"})\n"
"public class Cat implements Serializable {\n"
"\n"
"    private Integer id;\n"
"    private String name;\n"
"    private String storyPart1;\n"
"    private String storyPart2;\n"
"\n"
"    @Id @GeneratedValue\n"
"    public Integer getId() {\n"
"        return id;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    public String getName() {\n"
"        return name;\n"
"    }\n"
"    \n"
"    @Column(table=\"Cat1\")\n"
"    public String getStoryPart1() {\n"
"        return storyPart1;\n"
"    }\n"
"\n"
"    @Column(table=\"Cat2\")\n"
"    public String getStoryPart2() {\n"
"        return storyPart2;\n"
"    }\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2870
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this example, <literal>name will be in MainCatstoryPart1 will be in Cat1 "
"and <literal>storyPart2 will be in Cat2. "
"<literal>Cat1 will be joined to MainCat using "
"the <literal>cat_id as a foreign key, and Cat2 "
"using <literal>id (ie the same column name, the MainCatstoryPart2: If set to JOIN, the default, Hibernate will use an "
"inner join to retrieve a secondary table defined by a class or its "
"superclasses and an outer join for a secondary table defined by a subclass. "
"If set to <classname>SELECT then Hibernate will use a sequential "
"select for a secondary table defined on a subclass, which will be issued "
"only if a row turns out to represent an instance of the subclass. Inner "
"joins will still be used to retrieve a secondary defined by the class and "
"its superclasses."
msgstr ""
"<literal>fetch (optionnel - par défaut à joinjoin, Hibernate utilisera une "
"jointure interne pour charger une <literal>jointure définie par "
"une classe ou ses super-classes et une jointure externe pour une "
"<literal><jointure> définie par une sous-classe. Si "
"positionné à <literal>select, Hibernate utilisera un select "
"séquentiel pour une <literal><jointure> définie sur une sous-"
"classe, qui ne sera délivrée que si une ligne représente une instance de la "
"sous-classe. Les jointures internes seront quand même utilisées pour charger "
"une <literal><jointure> définie par une classe et ses super-"
"classes. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2898
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>inverse: If true, Hibernate will not try to insert or "
"update the properties defined by this join. Default to false."
msgstr ""
"<literal>inverse (optionnel - par défaut à false: If enabled (the default), Hibernate will insert "
"a row only if the properties defined by this join are non-null and will "
"always use an outer join to retrieve the properties."
msgstr ""
"<literal>optionnel (optionnel - par défaut à false: defines the Foreign Key name of a secondary "
"table pointing back to the primary table."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2916
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Make sure to use the secondary table name in the <methodname>appliesto element."
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, si nous avons le mappage de <literal><properties>: the name of the joined table."
msgstr "<literal>table : le nom de la table jointe. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2960
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>fetch (optional - defaults to join): "
"if set to <literal>join, the default, Hibernate will use an inner "
"join to retrieve a <literal><join> defined by a class or its "
"superclasses. It will use an outer join for a <literal><join>select then "
"Hibernate will use a sequential select for a <literal><join> "
"defined on a subclass. This will be issued only if a row represents an "
"instance of the subclass. Inner joins will still be used to retrieve a "
"<literal><join> defined by the class and its superclasses."
msgstr ""
"<literal>fetch (optionnel - par défaut à joinjoin, Hibernate utilisera une "
"jointure interne pour charger une <literal>jointure définie par "
"une classe ou ses super-classes et une jointure externe pour une "
"<literal><jointure> définie par une sous-classe. Si "
"positionné à <literal>select, Hibernate utilisera un select "
"séquentiel pour une <literal><jointure> définie sur une sous-"
"classe, qui ne sera délivrée que si une ligne représente une instance de la "
"sous-classe. Les jointures internes seront quand même utilisées pour charger "
"une <literal><jointure> définie par une classe et ses super-"
"classes. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:2975
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>inverse (optional - defaults to false (optionnel - par défaut à false (optional - defaults to false (optionnel - par défaut à false or "
"<classname>@OnetoOne."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3014
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>@ManyToOne and @OneToOne have a "
"parameter named <literal>targetEntity which describes the target "
"entity name. You usually don't need this parameter since the default value "
"(the type of the property that stores the association) is good in almost all "
"cases. However this is useful when you want to use interfaces as the return "
"type instead of the regular entity."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3021
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Setting a value of the <literal>cascade attribute to any "
"meaningful value other than nothing will propagate certain operations to the "
"associated object. The meaningful values are divided into three categories."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3028
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"basic operations, which include: <literal>persist, merge, delete, save-"
"update, evict, replicate, lock and refresh</literal>;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3034
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"special values: <literal>delete-orphan or all ;"
msgstr ""
"Remarquez comment les associations sont désormais spécifiées en utilisant "
"<literal>entity-name au lieu de class. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3039
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"comma-separated combinations of operation names: <literal>cascade=\"persist,"
"merge,evict\"</literal> or cascade=\"all,delete-orphan\". "
"See <xref linkend=\"objectstate-transitive\"/> for a full explanation. Note "
"that single valued many-to-one associations do not support orphan delete."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3048
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, single point associations are eagerly fetched in JPA 2. You can "
"mark it as lazily fetched by using <classname>@ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType."
"LAZY) </classname>in which case Hibernate will proxy the association and "
"load it when the state of the associated entity is reached. You can force "
"Hibernate not to use a proxy by using <classname>@LazyToOne(NO_PROXY), or a SQL JOIN is used "
"for <literal>EAGER associations. You can however adjust the "
"fetching strategy, ie how data is fetched by using <literal>@FetchFetchMode can be SELECT (a "
"select is triggered when the association needs to be loaded) or "
"<literal>JOIN (use a SQL JOIN to load the association while "
"loading the owner entity). <literal>JOIN overrides any lazy "
"attribute (an association loaded through a <literal>JOIN strategy "
"cannot be lazy)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3070
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Using a foreign key or an association table"
msgstr "association par clé étrangère unique"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3072
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "An ordinary association to another persistent class is declared using a"
msgstr ""
"Une association un-à-un vers une autre classe persistante est déclarée avec "
"l'élément <literal>one-to-one."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3077
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<classname>@ManyToOne if several entities can point to the the "
"target entity"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3082
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<classname>@OneToOne if only a single entity can point to the "
"the target entity"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3087
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"and a foreign key in one table is referencing the primary key column(s) of "
"the target table."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3090
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Flight implements Serializable {\n"
"    @ManyToOne( cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE} )\n"
"    @JoinColumn(name=\"COMP_ID\")\n"
"    public Company getCompany() {\n"
"        return company;\n"
"    }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3092
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>@JoinColumn attribute is optional, the default value"
"(s) is the concatenation of the name of the relationship in the owner side, "
"<keycap>_ (underscore), and the name of the primary key column in "
"the owned side. In this example <literal>company_id because the "
"property name is <literal>company and the column id of Company is "
"<literal>id."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3100
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Flight implements Serializable {\n"
"    @ManyToOne( cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE}, "
"targetEntity=CompanyImpl.class )\n"
"    @JoinColumn(name=\"COMP_ID\")\n"
"    public Company getCompany() {\n"
"        return company;\n"
"    }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"public interface Company {\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3102
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also map a to one association through an association table. This "
"association table described by the <literal>@JoinTable annotation "
"will contains a foreign key referencing back the entity table (through "
"<literal>@JoinTable.joinColumns) and a a foreign key referencing "
"the target entity table (through <literal>@JoinTable.inverseJoinColumns / "
"<classname>@JoinColumnOrformulas annotations (just like you can "
"use a SQL fragment to simulate a property column via the "
"<classname>@Formula annotation)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3119
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Ticket implements Serializable {\n"
"    @ManyToOne\n"
"    @JoinColumnOrFormula(formula=\"(firstname + ' ' + lastname)\")\n"
"    public Person getOwner() {\n"
"        return person;\n"
"    }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3122
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can mark an association as mandatory by using the "
"<literal>optional=false attribute. We recommend to use Bean "
"Validation's <classname>@NotNull annotation as a better "
"alternative however. As a consequence, the foreign key column(s) will be "
"marked as not nullable (if possible)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3128
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When Hibernate cannot resolve the association because the expected "
"associated element is not in database (wrong id on the association column), "
"an exception is raised. This might be inconvenient for legacy and badly "
"maintained schemas. You can ask Hibernate to ignore such elements instead of "
"raising an exception using the <literal>@NotFound annotation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3136
#, no-c-format
msgid "@NotFound annotation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3138
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Child {\n"
"    ...\n"
"    @ManyToOne\n"
"    @NotFound(action=NotFoundAction.IGNORE)\n"
"    public Parent getParent() { ... }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3141
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Sometimes you want to delegate to your database the deletion of cascade when "
"a given entity is deleted. In this case Hibernate generates a cascade delete "
"constraint at the database level."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3146
#, no-c-format
msgid "@OnDelete annotation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3148
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Child {\n"
"    ...\n"
"    @ManyToOne\n"
"    @OnDelete(action=OnDeleteAction.CASCADE)\n"
"    public Parent getParent() { ... }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3151
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Foreign key constraints, while generated by Hibernate, have a fairly "
"unreadable name. You can override the constraint name using "
"<literal>@ForeignKey."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3156
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "@ForeignKey annotation"
msgstr "association par clé étrangère unique"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3158
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Child {\n"
"    ...\n"
"    @ManyToOne\n"
"    @ForeignKey(name=\"FK_PARENT\")\n"
"    public Parent getParent() { ... }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"alter table Child add constraint FK_PARENT foreign key (parent_id) "
"references Parent"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3161
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Sometimes, you want to link one entity to an other not by the target entity "
"primary key but by a different unique key. You can achieve that by "
"referencing the unique key column(s) in <methodname>@JoinColumn."
"referenceColumnName</methodname>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3166 basic_mapping.xml:3718
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class Person {\n"
"   @Id Integer personNumber;\n"
"   String firstName;\n"
"   @Column(name=\"I\")\n"
"   String initial;\n"
"   String lastName;\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"class Home {\n"
"   @ManyToOne\n"
"   @JoinColumns({\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"first_name\", referencedColumnName=\"firstName\"),\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"init\", referencedColumnName=\"I\"),\n"
"      @JoinColumn(name=\"last_name\", referencedColumnName=\"lastName\"),\n"
"   })\n"
"   Person owner\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3168
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This is not encouraged however and should be reserved to legacy mappings."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3171
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In hbm.xml, mapping an association is similar. The main difference is that a "
"<classname>@OneToOne is mapped as <many-to-one "
"unique=\"true\"/></literal>, let's dive into the subject."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3213
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<many-to-one\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        column=\"column_name\"\n"
"        class=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        cascade=\"cascade_style\"\n"
"        fetch=\"join|select\"\n"
"        update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        property-ref=\"propertyNameFromAssociatedClass\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        unique=\"true|false\"\n"
"        not-null=\"true|false\"\n"
"        optimistic-lock=\"true|false\"\n"
"        lazy=\"proxy|no-proxy|false\"\n"
"        not-found=\"ignore|exception\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"EntityName\"\n"
"        formula=\"arbitrary SQL expression\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name|@attribute-name|element/@attribute|.\"\n"
"        embed-xml=\"true|false\"\n"
"        index=\"index_name\"\n"
"        unique_key=\"unique_key_id\"\n"
"        foreign-key=\"foreign_key_name\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3221 basic_mapping.xml:3904
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>column (optional): the name of the foreign key column. "
"This can also be specified by nested <literal><column> "
"element(s)."
msgstr ""
"<literal>column (optionnel) : le nom de la colonne de la clé "
"étrangère. Cela peut être aussi spécifié par un ou des sous-élément(s) "
"<literal><column>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3227 basic_mapping.xml:3421
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>class (optional - defaults to the property type "
"determined by reflection): the name of the associated class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>class (optionnel - par défaut, le type de la propriété "
"déterminé par réflexion) : le nom de la classe associée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3233 basic_mapping.xml:3427
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>cascade (optional): specifies which operations should be "
"cascaded from the parent object to the associated object."
msgstr ""
"<literal>cascade (optionnel) : indique quelles opérations doivent "
"être cascadées de l'objet parent vers l'objet associé. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3239 basic_mapping.xml:3443
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>fetch (optional - defaults to select): "
"chooses between outer-join fetching or sequential select fetching."
msgstr ""
"<literal>fetch (optionnel - par défaut à select (optional - defaults to true and/or INSERT statements. "
"Setting both to <literal>false allows a pure \"derived\" "
"association whose value is initialized from another property that maps to "
"the same column(s), or by a trigger or other application."
msgstr ""
"<literal>update, insert (optionnel - par défaut à true et/ou des déclarations INSERTfalse, permet une association "
"pure dérivée dont la valeur est initialisée à partir d'une autre propriété "
"qui mappe à une ou plusieurs mêmes colonnes, ou par un trigger  ou une autre "
"application. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3255
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>property-ref (optional): the name of a property of the "
"associated class that is joined to this foreign key. If not specified, the "
"primary key of the associated class is used."
msgstr ""
"<literal>property-ref (optionnel) : le nom d'une propriété de la "
"classe associée qui est jointe à cette clé étrangère. Si non-spécifiée, la "
"clé primaire de la classe associée est utilisée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3268
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>unique (optional): enables the DDL generation of a unique "
"constraint for the foreign-key column. By allowing this to be the target of "
"a <literal>property-ref, you can make the association multiplicity "
"one-to-one."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unique (optionnel) : génère le DDL d'une contrainte "
"unique pour la clé étrangère. Permet aussi d'en faire la cible d'une "
"<literal>property-ref. Cela permet de créer une véritable "
"association un-à-un. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3276
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>not-null (optional): enables the DDL generation of a "
"nullability constraint for the foreign key columns."
msgstr ""
"<literal>not-null (optionnel) : active le DDL d'une contrainte de "
"nullité pour les colonnes de clés étrangères."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3290
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional - defaults to proxy): "
"by default, single point associations are proxied. <literal>lazy=\"no-proxy"
"\"</literal> specifies that the property should be fetched lazily when the "
"instance variable is first accessed. This requires build-time bytecode "
"instrumentation. <literal>lazy=\"false\" specifies that the "
"association will always be eagerly fetched."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel - par défaut à proxy indique que cette propriété "
"doit être chargée en différé au premier accès à la variable d'instance "
"(nécessite une instrumentation du bytecode lors de la phase de "
"construction). <literal>lazy=\"false\" indique que l'association "
"sera toujours chargée."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3300
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>not-found (optional - defaults to exception will treat a missing row as a null "
"association."
msgstr ""
"<literal>not-found (optionnel - par défaut = exception traitera une ligne "
"manquante comme une association nulle. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3308 basic_mapping.xml:3484
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>entity-name (optional): the entity name of the associated "
"class."
msgstr ""
"<literal>entity-name (optionnel) : le nom de l'entité de la classe "
"associée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3313
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>formula (optional): an SQL expression that defines the "
"value for a <emphasis>computed foreign key."
msgstr ""
"<literal>formula (optionnel) : une expression SQL qui définit la "
"valeur pour une clé étrangère calculée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3320
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Setting a value of the <literal>cascade attribute to any "
"meaningful value other than <literal>none will propagate certain "
"operations to the associated object. The meaningful values are divided into "
"three categories. First, basic operations, which include: <literal>persist, "
"merge, delete, save-update, evict, replicate, lock and refresh</literal>; "
"second, special values: <literal>delete-orphan; and third,"
"<literal>all comma-separated combinations of operation names: "
"<literal>cascade=\"persist,merge,evict\" or cascade=\"all,"
"delete-orphan\"</literal>. See  "
"for a full explanation. Note that single valued, many-to-one and one-to-one, "
"associations do not support orphan delete."
msgstr ""
"Donner une valeur significative à l'attribut <literal>cascade "
"autre que <literal>none propagera certaines opérations à l'objet "
"associé. Les valeurs significatives sont les noms des opérations et sont "
"divisées en trois catégories. Tout d'abord, les valeurs Hibernate basiques, "
"<literal>persist, merge, delete, save-update, evict, replicate, lock, "
"refresh</literal>, puis les valeurs spéciales delete-orphanall et enfin, des combinaisons de noms "
"d'opérations séparées par des virgules, comme par exemple <literal>cascade="
"\"persist,merge,evict\"</literal> ou cascade=\"all,delete-orphan\" pour une "
"explication complète. Notez que des associations valuées uniques "
"(associations plusieurs-à-un et un-à-un) ne supportent pas orphan delete. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3334
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here is an example of a typical <literal>many-to-one declaration:"
msgstr ""
"Une déclaration <literal>many-to-one typique est aussi simple "
"que : "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3337
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<many-to-one name=\"product\" class=\"Product\" column=\"PRODUCT_ID\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3339
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>property-ref attribute should only be used for "
"mapping legacy data where a foreign key refers to a unique key of the "
"associated table other than the primary key. This is a complicated and "
"confusing relational model. For example, if the <literal>Product "
"class had a unique serial number that is not the primary key. The "
"<literal>unique attribute controls Hibernate's DDL generation with "
"the SchemaExport tool."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut <literal>property-ref devrait être utilisé pour mapper "
"seulement des données provenant d'un ancien système où les clés étrangères "
"font référence à une clé unique de la table associée et qui n'est pas la clé "
"primaire. C'est un cas de mauvaise conception relationnelle. Par exemple, "
"supposez que la classe <literal>Product ait un numéro de série "
"unique qui n'est pas la clé primaire. L'attribut <literal>unique "
"contrôle la génération DDL par Hibernate avec l'outil SchemaExport."

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3347
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<property name=\"serialNumber\" unique=\"true\" type=\"string\" column="
"\"SERIAL_NUMBER\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3349
#, no-c-format
msgid "Then the mapping for <literal>OrderItem might use:"
msgstr "Ainsi le mappage pour <literal>OrderItem peut utiliser :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3352
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<many-to-one name=\"product\" property-ref=\"serialNumber\" column="
"\"PRODUCT_SERIAL_NUMBER\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3354
#, no-c-format
msgid "This is not encouraged, however."
msgstr "Bien que ce ne soit certainement pas encouragé."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3356
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the referenced unique key comprises multiple properties of the associated "
"entity, you should map the referenced properties inside a named <literal><"
"properties></literal> element."
msgstr ""
"Si la clé unique référencée comprend des propriétés multiples de l'entité "
"associée, vous devez mapper ces propriétés à l'intérieur d'un élément nommé "
"<literal><properties>. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3360
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the referenced unique key is the property of a component, you can specify "
"a property path:"
msgstr ""
"Si la clé unique référencée est la propriété d'un composant, vous pouvez "
"spécifier le chemin de propriété :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3363
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<many-to-one name=\"owner\" property-ref=\"identity.ssn\" column="
"\"OWNER_SSN\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3367
#, no-c-format
msgid "Sharing the primary key with the associated entity"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3369
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The second approach is to ensure an entity and its associated entity share "
"the same primary key. In this case the primary key column is also a foreign "
"key and there is no extra column. These associations are always one to one."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3375
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "One to One association"
msgstr "association par clé étrangère unique"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3377
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Body {\n"
"    @Id\n"
"    public Long getId() { return id; }\n"
"\n"
"    @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)\n"
"    @MapsId\n"
"    public Heart getHeart() {\n"
"        return heart;\n"
"    }\n"
"    ...\n"
"}   \n"
"\n"
"@Entity\n"
"public class Heart {\n"
"    @Id\n"
"    public Long getId() { ...}\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3381
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Many people got confused by these primary key based one to one associations. "
"They can only be lazily loaded if Hibernate knows that the other side of the "
"association is always present. To indicate to Hibernate that it is the case, "
"use <classname>@OneToOne(optional=false)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3388
#, no-c-format
msgid "In hbm.xml, use the following mapping."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3413
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<one-to-one\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        class=\"ClassName\"\n"
"        cascade=\"cascade_style\"\n"
"        constrained=\"true|false\"\n"
"        fetch=\"join|select\"\n"
"        property-ref=\"propertyNameFromAssociatedClass\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        formula=\"any SQL expression\"\n"
"        lazy=\"proxy|no-proxy|false\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"EntityName\"\n"
"        node=\"element-name|@attribute-name|element/@attribute|.\"\n"
"        embed-xml=\"true|false\"\n"
"        foreign-key=\"foreign_key_name\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3433
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>constrained (optional): specifies that a foreign key "
"constraint on the primary key of the mapped table and references the table "
"of the associated class. This option affects the order in which <literal>save"
"()</literal> and delete() are cascaded, and determines "
"whether the association can be proxied. It is also used by the schema export "
"tool."
msgstr ""
"<literal>constrained (optionnel) : indique qu'une contrainte de "
"clé étrangère sur la clé primaire de la table mappée référence la table de "
"la classe associée. Cette option affecte l'ordre dans lequel chaque "
"<literal>save() et chaque delete() est cascadé "
"et détermine si l'association peut utiliser un proxy (aussi utilisé par "
"l'outil SchemaExport). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3449
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>property-ref (optional): the name of a property of the "
"associated class that is joined to the primary key of this class. If not "
"specified, the primary key of the associated class is used."
msgstr ""
"<literal>property-ref (optionnel) : le nom de la propriété de la "
"classe associée qui est jointe à la clé primaire de cette classe. Si ce "
"n'est pas spécifié, la clé primaire de la classe associée est utilisée. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3462
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>formula (optional): almost all one-to-one associations "
"map to the primary key of the owning entity. If this is not the case, you "
"can specify another column, columns or expression to join on using an SQL "
"formula. See <literal>org.hibernate.test.onetooneformula for an "
"example."
msgstr ""
"<literal>formula (optionnel) : presque toutes les associations un-"
"à-un pointent sur la clé primaire de l'entité propriétaire. Dans les rares "
"cas différents, vous devez donner une ou plusieurs autres colonnes ou "
"expression à joindre par une formule SQL . Voir <literal>org.hibernate.test."
"onetooneformula</literal> pour un exemple."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3471
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>lazy (optional - defaults to proxy): "
"by default, single point associations are proxied. <literal>lazy=\"no-proxy"
"\"</literal> specifies that the property should be fetched lazily when the "
"instance variable is first accessed. It requires build-time bytecode "
"instrumentation. <literal>lazy=\"false\" specifies that the "
"association will always be eagerly fetched. <emphasis>Note that if "
"<literal>constrained=\"false\", proxying is impossible and "
"Hibernate will eagerly fetch the association</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"<literal>lazy (optionnel - par défaut proxy) : "
"par défaut, les associations simples sont soumises à proxy. <literal>lazy="
"\"no-proxy\"</literal> spécifie que la propriété doit être chargée en "
"différé au premier accès à l'instance. (nécessite l'instrumentation du "
"bytecode à la construction). <literal>lazy=\"false\" indique que "
"l'association sera toujours chargée agressivement. <emphasis>. Notez que si "
"<literal>constrained=\"false\", l'utilisation de proxy est "
"impossible et Hibernate chargera automatiquement l'association </emphasis>."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3490
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Primary key associations do not need an extra table column. If two rows are "
"related by the association, then the two table rows share the same primary "
"key value. To relate two objects by a primary key association, ensure that "
"they are assigned the same identifier value."
msgstr ""
"Les associations par clé primaire ne nécessitent pas une colonne "
"supplémentaire en table ; si deux lignes sont liées par l'association alors "
"les deux lignes de la table partagent la même valeur de clé primaire. Donc "
"si vous voulez que deux objets soient liés par une association par clé "
"primaire, vous devez faire en sorte qu'on leur assigne la même valeur "
"d'identifiant. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3496
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For a primary key association, add the following mappings to "
"<literal>Employee and Person respectively:"
msgstr ""
"Pour une association par clé primaire, ajoutez les mappages suivants à "
"<literal>Employee et Person, respectivement :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3500
#, no-c-format
msgid "<one-to-one name=\"person\" class=\"Person\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3502
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<one-to-one name=\"employee\" class=\"Employee\" constrained=\"true\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3504
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Ensure that the primary keys of the related rows in the PERSON and EMPLOYEE "
"tables are equal. You use a special Hibernate identifier generation strategy "
"called <literal>foreign:"
msgstr ""
"Maintenant, vous devez faire en sorte que les clés primaires des lignes "
"liées dans les tables PERSON et EMPLOYEE sont égales. On utilise une "
"stratégie Hibernate spéciale de génération d'identifiants appelée "
"<literal>foreign : "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3508
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"person\" table=\"PERSON\">\n"
"    <id name=\"id\" column=\"PERSON_ID\">\n"
"        <generator class=\"foreign\">\n"
"            <param name=\"property\">employee</param>\n"
"        </generator>\n"
"    </id>\n"
"    ...\n"
"    <one-to-one name=\"employee\"\n"
"        class=\"Employee\"\n"
"        constrained=\"true\"/>\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3510
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A newly saved instance of <literal>Person is assigned the same "
"primary key value as the <literal>Employee instance referred with "
"the <literal>employee property of that Person."
msgstr ""
"Une instance fraîchement enregistrée de <literal>Person se voit "
"alors assignée la même valeur de clé primaire que l'instance de "
"<literal>Employee référencée par la propriété employeePerson. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3518
#, no-c-format
msgid "Natural-id"
msgstr "Natural-id"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3520
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although we recommend the use of surrogate keys as primary keys, you should "
"try to identify natural keys for all entities. A natural key is a property "
"or combination of properties that is unique and non-null. It is also "
"immutable. Map the properties of the natural key as <classname>@NaturalId<natural-id> "
"element. Hibernate will generate the necessary unique key and nullability "
"constraints and, as a result, your mapping will be more self-documenting."
msgstr ""
"Bien que nous recommandions l'utilisation de clés primaires générées, vous "
"devriez toujours essayer d'identifier des clés métier (naturelles) pour "
"toutes vos entités. Une clé naturelle est une propriété ou une combinaison "
"de propriétés unique et non nulle. Si elle est aussi immuable, c'est encore "
"mieux. Mappez les propriétés de la clé naturelle dans l'élément <literal><"
"natural-id></literal>. Hibernate générera la clé unique nécessaire et les "
"contraintes de non-nullité, et votre mappage s'auto-documentera. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3529
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"public class Citizen {\n"
"    @Id\n"
"    @GeneratedValue\n"
"    private Integer id;\n"
"    private String firstname;\n"
"    private String lastname;\n"
"    \n"
"    @NaturalId\n"
"    @ManyToOne\n"
"    private State state;\n"
"\n"
"    @NaturalId\n"
"    private String ssn;\n"
"    ...\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"//and later on query\n"
"List results = s.createCriteria( Citizen.class )\n"
"                .add( Restrictions.naturalId().set( \"ssn\", \"1234\" ).set"
"( \"state\", ste ) )\n"
"                .list();"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3531
#, no-c-format
msgid "Or in XML,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3533
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<natural-id mutable=\"true|false\"/>\n"
"        <property ... />\n"
"        <many-to-one ... />\n"
"        ......\n"
"</natural-id>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3535
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is recommended that you implement <literal>equals() and "
"<literal>hashCode() to compare the natural key properties of the "
"entity."
msgstr ""
"Nous vous recommandons fortement d'implémenter <literal>equals() "
"et <literal>hashCode() pour comparer les propriétés clés "
"naturelles de l'entité."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3539
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This mapping is not intended for use with entities that have natural primary "
"keys."
msgstr ""
"Ce mappage n'est pas destiné à être utilisé avec des entités qui ont des "
"clés naturelles. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3544
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>mutable (optional - defaults to false (optionnel, par défaut à false"
msgstr "<literal>binary"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3554
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There is one more type of property mapping. The <classname>@Any "
"mapping defines a polymorphic association to classes from multiple tables. "
"This type of mapping requires more than one column. The first column "
"contains the type of the associated entity. The remaining columns contain "
"the identifier. It is impossible to specify a foreign key constraint for "
"this kind of association. This is not the usual way of mapping polymorphic "
"associations and you should use this only in special cases. For example, for "
"audit logs, user session data, etc."
msgstr ""
"Il existe encore un type de mappage de propriété. L'élément de mappage "
"<literal><any> définit une association polymorphique vers "
"des classes de tables multiples. Ce type de mappage requiert toujours plus "
"d'une colonne. La première colonne contient le type de l'entité associée. "
"Les colonnes restantes contiennent l'identifiant. Il est impossible de "
"spécifier une contrainte de clé étrangère pour ce type d'association, donc "
"ce n'est certainement pas considéré comme le moyen habituel de mapper des "
"associations (polymorphiques). Ne doit être utilisé que dans des cas "
"particuliers (par exemple des logs d'audit, des données de session "
"utilisateur, etc...). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3564
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <classname>@Any annotation describes the column holding the "
"metadata information. To link the value of the metadata information and an "
"actual entity type, The <classname>@AnyDef and "
"<classname>@AnyDefs annotations are used. The metaType. You must specify the "
"mapping from values of the <literal>metaType to class names."
msgstr ""
"L'attribut <literal>meta-type permet à l'application de spécifier "
"un type personnalisé qui mappe des valeurs de colonnes de base de données "
"sur des classes persistantes qui ont un attribut identifiant du type "
"spécifié par <literal>id-type. Vous devez spécifier le mappage à "
"partir de valeurs du méta-type sur les noms des classes. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3574
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Any( metaColumn = @Column( name = \"property_type\" ), fetch=FetchType."
"EAGER )\n"
"@AnyMetaDef( \n"
"    idType = \"integer\", \n"
"    metaType = \"string\", \n"
"    metaValues = {\n"
"        @MetaValue( value = \"S\", targetEntity = StringProperty.class ),\n"
"        @MetaValue( value = \"I\", targetEntity = IntegerProperty.class )\n"
"    } )\n"
"@JoinColumn( name = \"property_id\" )\n"
"public Property getMainProperty() {\n"
"    return mainProperty;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3576
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that <classname>@AnyDef can be mutualized and reused. It is "
"recommended to place it as a package metadata in this case."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3580
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"//on a package\n"
"@AnyMetaDef( name=\"property\" \n"
"    idType = \"integer\", \n"
"    metaType = \"string\", \n"
"    metaValues = {\n"
"        @MetaValue( value = \"S\", targetEntity = StringProperty.class ),\n"
"        @MetaValue( value = \"I\", targetEntity = IntegerProperty.class )\n"
"    } )\n"
"package org.hibernate.test.annotations.any;\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"//in a class\n"
"    @Any( metaDef=\"property\", metaColumn = @Column( name = \"property_type"
"\" ), fetch=FetchType.EAGER )\n"
"    @JoinColumn( name = \"property_id\" )\n"
"    public Property getMainProperty() {\n"
"        return mainProperty;\n"
"    }"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3582
#, no-c-format
msgid "The hbm.xml equivalent is:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3584
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<any name=\"being\" id-type=\"long\" meta-type=\"string\">\n"
"    <meta-value value=\"TBL_ANIMAL\" class=\"Animal\"/>\n"
"    <meta-value value=\"TBL_HUMAN\" class=\"Human\"/>\n"
"    <meta-value value=\"TBL_ALIEN\" class=\"Alien\"/>\n"
"    <column name=\"table_name\"/>\n"
"    <column name=\"id\"/>\n"
"</any>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3587
#, no-c-format
msgid "You cannot mutualize the metadata in hbm.xml as you can in annotations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3606
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<any\n"
"        name=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        id-type=\"idtypename\"\n"
"        meta-type=\"metatypename\"\n"
"        cascade=\"cascade_style\"\n"
"        access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"        optimistic-lock=\"true|false\"\n"
">\n"
"        <meta-value ... />\n"
"        <meta-value ... />\n"
"        .....\n"
"        <column .... />\n"
"        <column .... />\n"
"        .....\n"
"</any>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3610
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>name: the property name."
msgstr "<literal>name : le nom de la propriété. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3614
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>id-type: the identifier type."
msgstr "<literal>id-type : le type identifiant."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3618
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>meta-type (optional - defaults to string (optionnel - par défaut à string (optional- defaults to none): "
"the cascade style."
msgstr ""
"<literal>cascade (optionnel - par défaut à none (optional - defaults to true (optionnel - par défaut à true element allows the definition of a "
"named, logical grouping of the properties of a class. The most important use "
"of the construct is that it allows a combination of properties to be the "
"target of a <literal>property-ref. It is also a convenient way to "
"define a multi-column unique constraint. For example:"
msgstr ""
"L'élément <literal><properties> permet la définition d'un "
"groupement logique nommé des propriétés d'une classe. L'utilisation la plus "
"importante de cette construction est la possibilité pour une combinaison de "
"propriétés d'être la cible d'un <literal>property-ref. C'est aussi "
"un moyen pratique de définir une contrainte d'unicité multi-colonnes. Par "
"exemple :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3668
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<properties\n"
"        name=\"logicalName\"\n"
"        insert=\"true|false\"\n"
"        update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        optimistic-lock=\"true|false\"\n"
"        unique=\"true|false\"\n"
">\n"
"\n"
"        <property ...../>\n"
"        <many-to-one .... />\n"
"        ........\n"
"</properties>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3672
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>name: the logical name of the grouping. It is "
"<emphasis>not an actual property name."
msgstr ""
"<literal>name : le nom logique d'un regroupement et non (optional - defaults to true (optionnel - par défaut à true "
"mapping:"
msgstr ""
"Par exemple, si nous avons le mappage de <literal><properties> table, instead of to the primary key:"
msgstr ""
"Alors nous pourrions avoir une association sur des données d'un ancien "
"système qui font référence à cette clé unique de la table <literal>Personhibernate3.jar. Hibernate "
"will always look for the DTD in its classpath first. If you experience "
"lookups of the DTD using an Internet connection, check the DTD declaration "
"against the contents of your classpath."
msgstr ""
"Tous les mappages XML devraient utiliser le doctype indiqué. En effet vous "
"trouverez le fichier DTD à l'URL ci-dessus, dans le répertoire "
"<literal>hibernate-x.x.x/src/org/hibernate ou dans "
"<literal>hibernate3.jar. Hibernate va toujours chercher la DTD "
"dans son classpath en premier lieu. Si vous constatez des recherches de la "
"DTD sur Internet, vérifiez votre déclaration de DTD par rapport au contenu "
"de votre classpath. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3743
#, no-c-format
msgid "EntityResolver"
msgstr "EntityResolver"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3745
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate will first attempt to resolve DTDs in its classpath. It does this "
"is by registering a custom <literal>org.xml.sax.EntityResolver "
"implementation with the SAXReader it uses to read in the xml files. This "
"custom <literal>EntityResolver recognizes two different systemId "
"namespaces:"
msgstr ""
"Comme mentionné précédemment, Hibernate tentera en premier lieu de résoudre "
"les DTD dans leur classpath. Il réussit à le faire en enregistrant une "
"implémentation personnalisée de <literal>org.xml.sax.EntityResolver personnalisé reconnaît deux espaces de "
"nommage systemId différents :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3754
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"a <literal>hibernate namespace is recognized whenever the resolver "
"encounters a systemId starting with <literal>http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/ est reconnu dès que le "
"résolveur rencontre un systemId commençant par <literal>http://hibernate."
"sourceforge.net/</literal>. Le résolveur tente alors de résoudre ces entités "
"via le chargeur de classe qui a chargé les classes Hibernate."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3762
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"a <literal>user namespace is recognized whenever the resolver "
"encounters a systemId using a <literal>classpath:// URL protocol. "
"The resolver will attempt to resolve these entities via (1) the current "
"thread context classloader and (2) the classloader which loaded the "
"Hibernate classes."
msgstr ""
"un <literal>espace de nommage utilisateur est reconnu dès que le "
"résolveur rencontre un systemId qui utilise un protocole URL "
"<literal>classpath://. Le résolveur tentera alors de résoudre ces "
"entités via (1) le chargeur de classe du contexte du thread courant et (2) "
"le chargeur de classe qui a chargé les classes Hibernate."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3771
#, no-c-format
msgid "The following is an example of utilizing user namespacing:"
msgstr "Un exemple d'utilisation de l'espace de nommage utilisateur: "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3774
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<xi:include href=\"../extras/namespacing.xml_sample\" parse=\"text\"\n"
"              xmlns:xi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude\" />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3776
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Where <literal>types.xml is a resource in the your."
"domain</literal> package and contains a custom ."
msgstr ""
"Là où <literal>types.xml est une ressource dans votre paquetage "
"<literal>your.domain et contient un  "
"and <literal>catalog attributes specify that tables referred to in "
"this mapping belong to the named schema and/or catalog. If they are "
"specified, tablenames will be qualified by the given schema and catalog "
"names. If they are missing, tablenames will be unqualified. The "
"<literal>default-cascade attribute specifies what cascade style "
"should be assumed for properties and collections that do not specify a "
"<literal>cascade attribute. By default, the auto-importcatalog indiquent que les tables mentionnées "
"dans ce mappage appartiennent au schéma nommé et/ou au catalogue. S'ils sont "
"spécifiés, les noms de tables seront qualifiés par les noms de schéma et de "
"catalogue. L'attribut <literal>default-cascade indique quel type "
"de cascade sera utilisé par défaut pour les propriétés et collections qui ne "
"précisent pas l'attribut <literal>cascade. L'attribut "
"<literal>auto-import nous permet d'utiliser par défaut des noms de "
"classes non qualifiés dans le langage de requête, par défaut. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3814
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<hibernate-mapping\n"
"         schema=\"schemaName\"\n"
"         catalog=\"catalogName\"\n"
"         default-cascade=\"cascade_style\"\n"
"         default-access=\"field|property|ClassName\"\n"
"         default-lazy=\"true|false\"\n"
"         auto-import=\"true|false\"\n"
"         package=\"package.name\"\n"
" />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3818
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>schema (optional): the name of a database schema."
msgstr ""
"<literal>schema (optionnel) : le nom d'un schéma de base de "
"données. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3823
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>catalog (optional): the name of a database catalog."
msgstr ""
"<literal>catalog (optionnel) : le nom d'un catalogue de base de "
"données. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3828
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>default-cascade (optional - defaults to none (optionnel - par défaut vaut : "
"<literal>none) : un type de cascade par défaut. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3833
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>default-access (optional - defaults to property."
msgstr ""
"<literal>default-access (optionnel - par défaut vaut : "
"<literal>property) : Comment hibernate accèdera aux propriétés. On "
"peut aussi redéfinir sa propre implémentation de <literal>PropertyAccessor (optional - defaults to truelazy "
"attributes of class and collection mappings."
msgstr ""
"<literal>default-lazy (optionnel - par défaut vaut : "
"<literal>true) : Valeur par défaut pour des attributs "
"<literal>lazy non spécifiés des mappages de classe et de "
"collection. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3847
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>auto-import (optional - defaults to true (optionnel - par défaut vaut : true (optional): specifies a package prefix to use for "
"unqualified class names in the mapping document."
msgstr ""
"<literal>package (optionnel) : préfixe de paquetage par défaut "
"pour les noms de classe non qualifiés du document de mappage. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3861
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you have two persistent classes with the same unqualified name, you "
"should set <literal>auto-import=\"false\". An exception will "
"result if you attempt to assign two classes to the same \"imported\" name."
msgstr ""
"Si deux classes persistantes possèdent le même nom de classe (non qualifié), "
"vous devez configurer <literal>auto-import=\"false\". Hibernate "
"lancera une exception si vous essayez d'assigner le même nom \"importé\" à "
"deux classes."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3866
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>hibernate-mapping element allows you to nest several "
"persistent <literal><class> mappings, as shown above. It is, "
"however, good practice (and expected by some tools) to map only a single "
"persistent class, or a single class hierarchy, in one mapping file and name "
"it after the persistent superclass. For example, <literal>Cat.hbm.xmlDog.hbm.xml, or if using inheritance, "
"<literal>Animal.hbm.xml."
msgstr ""
"Notez que l'élément <literal>hibernate-mappage vous permet "
"d'imbriquer plusieurs mappages de <literal><class> "
"persistantes, comme dans l'exemple ci-dessus. Cependant il est recommandé "
"(et c'est parfois une exigence de certains outils) de mapper une seule "
"classe persistante (ou une seule hiérarchie de classes) par fichier de "
"mappage et de nommer ce fichier d'après le nom de la superclasse "
"persistante, par exemple <literal>Cat.hbm.xml, Dog.hbm."
"xml</literal>, ou en cas d'héritage, Animal.hbm.xml. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3877
#, no-c-format
msgid "<title>Key"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3879
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal><key> element is featured a few times within "
"this guide. It appears anywhere the parent mapping element defines a join to "
"a new table that references the primary key of the original table. It also "
"defines the foreign key in the joined table:"
msgstr ""
"Nous avons rencontré l'élément <literal><key> à plusieurs "
"reprises maintenant. Il apparaît partout que l'élément de mappage parent "
"définit une jointure sur une nouvelle table, et définit la clé étrangère "
"dans la table jointe, qui référence la clé primaire de la table d'origine :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:3900
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<key\n"
"        column=\"columnname\"\n"
"        on-delete=\"noaction|cascade\"\n"
"        property-ref=\"propertyName\"\n"
"        not-null=\"true|false\"\n"
"        update=\"true|false\"\n"
"        unique=\"true|false\"\n"
"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3910
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>on-delete (optional - defaults to noaction (optionnel, par défaut à noaction (optional): specifies that the foreign key "
"refers to columns that are not the primary key of the original table. It is "
"provided for legacy data."
msgstr ""
"<literal>property-ref (optionnel) : indique que la clé étrangère "
"fait référence à des colonnes qui ne sont pas la clé primaire de la table "
"d'origine (Pour les données d'anciens systèmes). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3922
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>not-null (optional): specifies that the foreign key "
"columns are not nullable. This is implied whenever the foreign key is also "
"part of the primary key."
msgstr ""
"<literal>not-null (optionnel) : indique que les colonnes des clés "
"étrangères ne peuvent pas être nulles (c'est implicite si la clé étrangère "
"fait partie de la clé primaire). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3928
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>update (optional): specifies that the foreign key should "
"never be updated. This is implied whenever the foreign key is also part of "
"the primary key."
msgstr ""
"<literal>update (optionnel) : indique que la clé étrangère ne "
"devrait jamais être mise à jour (implicite si celle-ci fait partie de la clé "
"primaire). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3934
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>unique (optional): specifies that the foreign key should "
"have a unique constraint. This is implied whenever the foreign key is also "
"the primary key."
msgstr ""
"<literal>unique (optionnel) : indique que la clé étrangère doit "
"posséder une contrainte d'unicité (implicite si la clé étrangère est aussi "
"la clé primaire). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3941
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For systems where delete performance is important, we recommend that all "
"keys should be defined <literal>on-delete=\"cascade\". Hibernate "
"uses a database-level <literal>ON CASCADE DELETE constraint, "
"instead of many individual <literal>DELETE statements. Be aware "
"that this feature bypasses Hibernate's usual optimistic locking strategy for "
"versioned data."
msgstr ""
"Là où les suppressions doivent être performantes, nous recommandons pour les "
"systèmes de définir toutes les clés <literal>on-delete=\"cascade\"ON CASCADE "
"DELETE</literal> au niveau base de données, plutôt que de nombreux "
"<literal>DELETE individuels. Attention, cette fonctionnalité court-"
"circuite la stratégie habituelle de verrou optimiste pour les données "
"versionnées. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3949
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>not-null and update attributes are "
"useful when mapping a unidirectional one-to-many association. If you map a "
"unidirectional one-to-many association to a non-nullable foreign key, you "
"<emphasis>must declare the key column using <key not-"
"null=\"true\"></literal>."
msgstr ""
"Les attributs <literal>not-null et update sont "
"utiles pour mapper une association un-à-plusieurs unidirectionnelle. Si vous "
"mappez un un-à-plusieurs unidirectionnel vers une clé étrangère non nulle, "
"vous <emphasis>devez déclarer la colonne de la clé en utilisant "
"<literal><key not-null=\"true\">. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3958
#, no-c-format
msgid "Import"
msgstr "Import"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3960
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If your application has two persistent classes with the same name, and you "
"do not want to specify the fully qualified package name in Hibernate "
"queries, classes can be \"imported\" explicitly, rather than relying upon "
"<literal>auto-import=\"true\". You can also import classes and "
"interfaces that are not explicitly mapped:"
msgstr ""
"Supposez que votre application possède deux classes persistantes du même "
"nom, et vous ne voulez pas préciser le nom Java complet (paquetage) dans les "
"requêtes Hibernate. Les classes peuvent alors être \"importées\" "
"explicitement plutôt que de compter sur <literal>auto-import=\"true\": the fully qualified class name of any Java class."
msgstr "<literal>class : nom complet de toute classe Java. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3984
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>rename (optional - defaults to the unqualified class "
"name): a name that can be used in the query language."
msgstr ""
"<literal>rename (optionnel - par défaut vaut le nom de la classe "
"non qualifié): nom pouvant être utilisé dans le langage de requête. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:3992
#, no-c-format
msgid "This feature is unique to hbm.xml and is not supported in annotations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:3998
#, no-c-format
msgid "Column and formula elements"
msgstr "Éléments column et formula "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4000
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Mapping elements which accept a <literal>column attribute will "
"alternatively accept a <literal><column> subelement. "
"Likewise, <literal><formula> is an alternative to the "
"<literal>formula attribute. For example:"
msgstr ""
"Tout élément de mappage qui accepte un attribut <literal>column "
"acceptera alternativement un sous-élément <literal><column>. "
"Pareillement <literal><formula> est une alternative à "
"l'attribut <literal>formula. Par exemple :"

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4006
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<column\n"
"        name=\"column_name\"\n"
"        length=\"N\"\n"
"        precision=\"N\"\n"
"        scale=\"N\"\n"
"        not-null=\"true|false\"\n"
"        unique=\"true|false\"\n"
"        unique-key=\"multicolumn_unique_key_name\"\n"
"        index=\"index_name\"\n"
"        sql-type=\"sql_type_name\"\n"
"        check=\"SQL expression\"\n"
"        default=\"SQL expression\"\n"
"        read=\"SQL expression\"\n"
"        write=\"SQL expression\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4008
#, no-c-format
msgid "<formula>SQL expression</formula>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4010
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Most of the attributes on <literal>column provide a means of "
"tailoring the DDL during automatic schema generation. The <literal>readwrite attributes allow you to specify custom "
"SQL that Hibernate will use to access the column's value. For more on this, "
"see the discussion of <link linkend=\"mapping-column-read-and-write\">column "
"read and write expressions</link>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4018
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>column and formula elements can "
"even be combined within the same property or association mapping to express, "
"for example, exotic join conditions."
msgstr ""
"Les attributs <literal>column et formula "
"peuvent même être combinés au sein d'une même propriété ou mappage "
"d'association pour exprimer, par exemple, des conditions de jointure "
"exotiques. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4022
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<many-to-one name=\"homeAddress\" class=\"Address\"\n"
"        insert=\"false\" update=\"false\">\n"
"    <column name=\"person_id\" not-null=\"true\" length=\"10\"/>\n"
"    <formula>'MAILING'</formula>\n"
"</many-to-one>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4028
#, no-c-format
msgid "Hibernate types"
msgstr "Types Hibernate "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4031
#, no-c-format
msgid "Entities and values"
msgstr "Entités et valeurs"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4033
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In relation to the persistence service, Java language-level objects are "
"classified into two groups:"
msgstr ""
"Pour le service de persistance, les objets sont classés en deux groupes au "
"niveau langage Java :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4036
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"An <emphasis>entity exists independently of any other objects "
"holding references to the entity. Contrast this with the usual Java model, "
"where an unreferenced object is garbage collected. Entities must be "
"explicitly saved and deleted. Saves and deletions, however, can be "
"<emphasis>cascaded from a parent entity to its children. This is "
"different from the ODMG model of object persistence by reachability and "
"corresponds more closely to how application objects are usually used in "
"large systems. Entities support circular and shared references. They can "
"also be versioned."
msgstr ""
"Une <emphasis>entité existe indépendamment de tout autre objet "
"possédant des références vers l'entité. Comparez cela avec le modèle Java "
"habituel où un objet est supprimé par le garbage collector dès qu'il n'est "
"plus référencé. Les entités doivent être explicitement enregistrées et "
"supprimées (sauf dans les cas où sauvegardes et suppressions sont "
"<emphasis>cascadées d'une entité parent vers ses enfants). C'est "
"différent du modèle ODMG de persistance par atteignabilité - et correspond "
"mieux à la façon dont les objets sont habituellement utilisés dans des "
"grands systèmes. Les entités permettent les références circulaires et "
"partagées. Elles peuvent aussi être versionnées."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4046
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"An entity's persistent state consists of references to other entities and "
"instances of <emphasis>value types. Values are primitives: "
"collections (not what is inside a collection), components and certain "
"immutable objects. Unlike entities, values in particular collections and "
"components, <emphasis>are persisted and deleted by reachability. "
"Since value objects and primitives are persisted and deleted along with "
"their containing entity, they cannot be independently versioned. Values have "
"no independent identity, so they cannot be shared by two entities or "
"collections."
msgstr ""
"L'état persistant d'une entité consiste en des références vers d'autres "
"entités et instances de types <emphasis>valeurs. Ces valeurs sont "
"des types primitifs, des collections (et non le contenu d'une collection), "
"des composants de certains objets immuables. Contrairement aux entités, les "
"valeurs (et en particulier les collections et composants) <emphasis>sont is "
"a user-defined class with value semantics. A Java property of type "
"<literal>java.lang.String also has value semantics. Given this "
"definition, all types (classes) provided by the JDK have value type "
"semantics in Java, while user-defined types can be mapped with entity or "
"value type semantics. This decision is up to the application developer. An "
"entity class in a domain model will normally have shared references to a "
"single instance of that class, while composition or aggregation usually "
"translates to a value type."
msgstr ""
"Jusqu'à présent nous avons utilisé le terme \"classe persistante\" pour "
"parler d'entités. Nous allons continuer à faire ainsi. Cependant, au sens "
"strict, toutes les classes définies par un utilisateur possédant un état "
"persistant ne sont pas des entités. Un <emphasis>composant est "
"une classe définie par un utilisateur avec la sémantique d'une valeur. Une "
"propriété Java de type <literal>java.lang.String a aussi les "
"caractéristiques d'une valeur. Selon cette définition, nous sommes en mesure "
"de déclarer que tous les types (classes) fournis par JDK possèdent la "
"sémantique d'une valeur dans Java, alors que les types définis par un "
"utilisateur pourront être mappés avec des sémantiques entités ou valeur "
"type. Cette décision est prise par le développeur d'application. Un bon "
"conseil pour une classe entité dans un modèle de domaine sont des références "
"partagées à une instance unique de cette classe, alors que la composition ou "
"l'agrégation se traduit en général par une valeur type. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4069
#, no-c-format
msgid "We will revisit both concepts throughout this reference guide."
msgstr ""
"Nous nous pencherons sur ces deux concepts tout au long de la documentation. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4072
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The challenge is to map the Java type system, and the developers' definition "
"of entities and value types, to the SQL/database type system. The bridge "
"between both systems is provided by Hibernate. For entities, <literal><"
"class></literal>, <subclass> and so on are used. "
"For value types we use <literal><property>, <"
"component></literal>etc., that usually have a type "
"attribute. The value of this attribute is the name of a Hibernate "
"<emphasis>mapping type. Hibernate provides a range of mappings "
"for standard JDK value types out of the box. You can write your own mapping "
"types and implement your own custom conversion strategies."
msgstr ""
"Le défi est de mapper les types Javas (et la définition des développeurs des "
"entités et valeurs types) sur les types du SQL ou des bases de données. Le "
"pont entre les deux systèmes est proposé par Hibernate : pour les entités "
"nous utilisons <literal><class>, <subclass>, <component>, "
"etc., habituellement avec un attribut <literal>type. La valeur de "
"cet attribut est le nom d'un <emphasis>type de mappage Hibernate. "
"Hibernate propose de nombreux mappages prêts à l'utilisation (pour les types "
"de valeurs standards du JDK). Vous pouvez écrire vos propres types de "
"mappages et implémenter aussi vos propres stratégies de conversion comme "
"nous le verrons plus tard. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4085
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With the exception of collections, all built-in Hibernate types support null "
"semantics."
msgstr ""
"Tous les types proposés Hibernate à part les collections autorisent les "
"sémantiques null. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4090
#, no-c-format
msgid "Basic value types"
msgstr "Types valeurs de base "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4092
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The built-in <emphasis>basic mapping types can be roughly "
"categorized into the following:"
msgstr ""
"Les <emphasis>types de mappage de base peuvent être classés de la "
"façon suivante :"

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4095
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"integer, long, short, float, double, character, byte, boolean, yes_no, "
"true_false"
msgstr ""
"<literal>integer, long, short, float, double, character, byte, boolean, "
"yes_no, true_false</literal>"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4099
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings from Java primitives or wrapper classes to appropriate (vendor-"
"specific) SQL column types. <literal>boolean, yes_no and "
"<literal>true_false are all alternative encodings for a Java "
"<literal>boolean or java.lang.Boolean."
msgstr ""
"Les mappages de type des primitives Java ou leurs classes wrappers (ex : "
"Integer pour int) vers les types de colonne SQL (propriétaires) appropriés. "
"<literal>boolean, yes_noet true_false sont tous "
"des alternatives pour les types Java <literal>boolean ou "
"<literal>java.lang.Boolean."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4109
#, no-c-format
msgid "string"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4112
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A type mapping from <literal>java.lang.String to VARCHARVARCHAR2)."
msgstr ""
"Mappage de type de <literal>java.lang.String vers "
"<literal>VARCHAR (ou le VARCHAR2 Oracle)."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4119
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "date, time, timestamp"
msgstr "<literal>date, time, timestamp"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4122
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings from <literal>java.util.Date and its subclasses to "
"SQL types <literal>DATE, TIME and "
"<literal>TIMESTAMP (or equivalent)."
msgstr ""
"mappages de type pour <literal>java.util.Date et ses sous-classes "
"vers les types SQL <literal>DATE, TIME et "
"<literal>TIMESTAMP (ou équivalent)."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4130
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "calendar, calendar_date"
msgstr "<literal>calendar, calendar_date"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4133
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings from <literal>java.util.Calendar to SQL types "
"<literal>TIMESTAMP and DATE (or equivalent)."
msgstr ""
"mappages de type pour <literal>java.util.Calendar vers les types "
"SQL <literal>TIMESTAMP et DATE (ou équivalent)."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4140
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "big_decimal, big_integer"
msgstr "<literal>big_decimal, big_integer"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4143
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings from <literal>java.math.BigDecimal and java."
"math.BigInteger</literal> to NUMERIC (or Oracle "
"<literal>NUMBER)."
msgstr ""
"mappages de type de <literal>java.math.BigDecimal et java."
"math.BigInteger</literal> vers NUMERIC (ou le "
"<literal>NUMBER Oracle)."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4151
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "locale, timezone, currency"
msgstr "<literal>locale, timezone, currency"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4154
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings from <literal>java.util.Locale, java.util."
"TimeZone</literal> and java.util.Currency to "
"<literal>VARCHAR (or Oracle VARCHAR2). "
"Instances of <literal>Locale and Currency are "
"mapped to their ISO codes. Instances of <literal>TimeZone are "
"mapped to their <literal>ID."
msgstr ""
"mappages de type pour <literal>java.util.Locale, java."
"util.TimeZone</literal> et java.util.Currency vers "
"<literal>VARCHAR (ou le VARCHAR2 Oracle). Les "
"instances de <literal>Locale et Currency sont "
"mappées sur leurs codes ISO. Les instances de <literal>TimeZone "
"sont mappées sur leur <literal>ID."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4167
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "class"
msgstr "Classe"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4170
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A type mapping from <literal>java.lang.Class to VARCHARVARCHAR2). A Class "
"is mapped to its fully qualified name."
msgstr ""
"Un type de mappage de <literal>java.lang.Class vers "
"<literal>VARCHAR (ou le VARCHAR2 Oracle). Un "
"objet <literal>Class est mappé sur son nom Java complet."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4178
#, no-c-format
msgid "binary"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4181
#, no-c-format
msgid "Maps byte arrays to an appropriate SQL binary type."
msgstr "Mappe les tableaux de bytes vers le type binaire SQL approprié."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4186
#, no-c-format
msgid "text"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4189
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Maps long Java strings to a SQL <literal>LONGVARCHAR or "
"<literal>TEXT type."
msgstr ""
"Mappe les longues chaînes de caractères Java vers les types SQL "
"<literal>CLOB ou TEXT."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4195
#, no-c-format
msgid "image"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4198
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid "Maps long byte arrays to a SQL <literal>LONGVARBINARY."
msgstr ""
"Mappe les longues chaînes de caractères Java vers les types SQL "
"<literal>CLOB ou TEXT."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4203
#, no-c-format
msgid "serializable"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4206
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Maps serializable Java types to an appropriate SQL binary type. You can also "
"indicate the Hibernate type <literal>serializable with the name of "
"a serializable Java class or interface that does not default to a basic type."
msgstr ""
"Mappe les types Java sérialisables vers le type SQL binaire approprié. Vous "
"pouvez aussi indiquer le type Hibernate <literal>serializable avec "
"le nom d'une classe Java sérialisable ou une interface qui ne soit pas par "
"défaut un type de base. "

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4215
#, no-c-format
msgid "clob, blob"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4218
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings for the JDBC classes <literal>java.sql.Clob and "
"<literal>java.sql.Blob. These types can be inconvenient for some "
"applications, since the blob or clob object cannot be reused outside of a "
"transaction. Driver support is patchy and inconsistent."
msgstr ""
"Mappages de type pour les classes JDBC <literal>java.sql.Clob et "
"<literal>java.sql.Blob. Ces types peuvent ne pas convenir pour "
"certaines applications car un objet blob ou clob peut ne pas être "
"réutilisable en dehors d'une transaction (de plus l'implémentation par les "
"pilotes comporte des lacunes)."

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4228
#, no-c-format
msgid "materialized_clob"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4231
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Maps long Java strings to a SQL <literal>CLOB type. When read, the "
"<literal>CLOB value is immediately materialized into a Java "
"string. Some drivers require the <literal>CLOB value to be read "
"within a transaction. Once materialized, the Java string is available "
"outside of the transaction."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4241
#, no-c-format
msgid "materialized_blob"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4244
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Maps long Java byte arrays to a SQL <literal>BLOB type. When read, "
"the <literal>BLOB value is immediately materialized into a byte "
"array. Some drivers require the <literal>BLOB value to be read "
"within a transaction. Once materialized, the byte array is available outside "
"of the transaction."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: literal
#: basic_mapping.xml:4254
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"imm_date, imm_time, imm_timestamp, imm_calendar, imm_calendar_date, "
"imm_serializable, imm_binary"
msgstr ""
"<literal>imm_date, imm_time, imm_timestamp, imm_calendar, imm_calendar_date, "
"imm_serializable, imm_binary</literal>"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4258
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Type mappings for what are considered mutable Java types. This is where "
"Hibernate makes certain optimizations appropriate only for immutable Java "
"types, and the application treats the object as immutable. For example, you "
"should not call <literal>Date.setTime() for an instance mapped as "
"<literal>imm_timestamp. To change the value of the property, and "
"have that change made persistent, the application must assign a new, "
"nonidentical, object to the property."
msgstr ""
"Mappages de type pour ceux qui sont habituellement considérés comme des "
"types Java modifiables, et pour lesquels Hibernate effectue certaines "
"optimisations convenant seulement aux types Java immuables. L'application "
"les traite comme immuables. Par exemple, vous ne devriez pas appeler "
"<literal>Date.setTime() sur une instance mappée sur un "
"<literal>imm_timestamp. Pour changer la valeur de la propriété, et "
"faire en sorte que cette modification soit persistée, l'application doit "
"assigner un nouvel (non identique) objet à la propriété. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4270
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Unique identifiers of entities and collections can be of any basic type "
"except <literal>binary, blob and clob, "
"<literal>blob et clob (les identifiants "
"composites sont aussi permis, voir plus bas). "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4275
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The basic value types have corresponding <literal>Type constants "
"defined on <literal>org.hibernate.Hibernate. For example, "
"<literal>Hibernate.STRING represents the string "
"type."
msgstr ""
"Les types de base des valeurs ont des <literal>Type constants "
"correspondants et définis dans <literal>org.hibernate.Hibernate. "
"Par exemple, <literal>Hibernate.STRING représente le type "
"<literal>string. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4282
#, no-c-format
msgid "Custom value types"
msgstr "Types de valeur personnalisés"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4284
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is relatively easy for developers to create their own value types. For "
"example, you might want to persist properties of type <literal>java.lang."
"BigInteger</literal> to VARCHAR columns. Hibernate does "
"not provide a built-in type for this. Custom types are not limited to "
"mapping a property, or collection element, to a single table column. So, for "
"example, you might have a Java property <literal>getName()/"
"<literal>setName() of type java.lang.String "
"that is persisted to the columns <literal>FIRST_NAME, "
"<literal>INITIAL, SURNAME."
msgstr ""
"Il est assez facile pour les développeurs de créer leurs propres types de "
"valeurs. Par exemple, vous aimeriez persister des propriétés du type "
"<literal>java.lang.BigInteger dans des colonnes VARCHAR/"
"<literal>setName() de type java.lang.String "
"persistée dans les colonnes <literal>FIRST_NAME, INITIALSURNAME. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4295
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To implement a custom type, implement either <literal>org.hibernate."
"UserType</literal> or org.hibernate.CompositeUserType and "
"declare properties using the fully qualified classname of the type. View "
"<literal>org.hibernate.test.DoubleStringType to see the kind of "
"things that are possible."
msgstr ""
"Pour implémenter votre propre type, vous pouvez soit implémenter "
"<literal>org.hibernate.UserType soit org.hibernate."
"CompositeUserType</literal> et déclarer des propriétés utilisant des noms de "
"classes complets du type. Consultez <literal>org.hibernate.test."
"DoubleStringType</literal> pour étudier les possibilités. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4302
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<property name=\"twoStrings\" type=\"org.hibernate.test.DoubleStringType"
"\">\n"
"    <column name=\"first_string\"/>\n"
"    <column name=\"second_string\"/>\n"
"</property>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4304
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Notice the use of <literal><column> tags to map a property "
"to multiple columns."
msgstr ""
"Remarquez l'utilisation des balises <literal><column> pour "
"mapper une propriété sur des colonnes multiples."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4307
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>CompositeUserType, EnhancedUserTypeUserCollectionType, and "
"<literal>UserVersionType interfaces provide support for more "
"specialized uses."
msgstr ""
"Les interfaces <literal>CompositeUserType, "
"<literal>EnhancedUserType, UserCollectionType, "
"et <literal>UserVersionType prennent en charge des utilisations "
"plus spécialisées. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4313
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can even supply parameters to a <literal>UserType in the "
"mapping file. To do this, your <literal>UserType must implement "
"the <literal>org.hibernate.usertype.ParameterizedType interface. "
"To supply parameters to your custom type, you can use the <literal><"
"type></literal> element in your mapping files."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez même fournir des paramètres en indiquant <literal>UserTypeUserTypeorg.hibernate.usertype."
"ParameterizedType</literal>. Pour spécifier des paramètres dans votre type "
"propre, vous pouvez utiliser l'élément <literal><type> dans "
"vos fichiers de mappage. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4320
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<property name=\"priority\">\n"
"    <type name=\"com.mycompany.usertypes.DefaultValueIntegerType\">\n"
"        <param name=\"default\">0</param>\n"
"    </type>\n"
"</property>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4322
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>UserType can now retrieve the value for the parameter "
"named <literal>default from the Properties "
"object passed to it."
msgstr ""
"Le <literal>UserType permet maintenant de récupérer la valeur pour "
"le paramètre nommé <literal>default à partir de l'objet "
"<literal>Properties qui lui est passé. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4326
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you regularly use a certain <literal>UserType, it is useful to "
"define a shorter name for it. You can do this using the <literal><"
"typedef></literal> element. Typedefs assign a name to a custom type, and "
"can also contain a list of default parameter values if the type is "
"parameterized."
msgstr ""
"Si vous utilisez fréquemment un <literal>UserType, il est utile de "
"lui définir un nom plus court. Vous pouvez l'effectuer, en utilisant "
"l'élément <literal><typedef>. Les typedefs permettent "
"d'assigner un nom à votre type propre et peuvent aussi contenir une liste de "
"valeurs de paramètres par défaut si ce type est paramétré. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4332
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<typedef class=\"com.mycompany.usertypes.DefaultValueIntegerType\" name="
"\"default_zero\">\n"
"    <param name=\"default\">0</param>\n"
"</typedef>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4334
#, no-c-format
msgid "<property name=\"priority\" type=\"default_zero\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4336
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is also possible to override the parameters supplied in a typedef on a "
"case-by-case basis by using type parameters on the property mapping."
msgstr ""
"Il est également possible de redéfinir les paramètres par défaut du typedef "
"au cas par cas en utilisant des paramètres type sur le mappage de la "
"propriété. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4340
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Even though Hibernate's rich range of built-in types and support for "
"components means you will rarely need to use a custom type, it is considered "
"good practice to use custom types for non-entity classes that occur "
"frequently in your application. For example, a <literal>MonetaryAmountCompositeUserType "
"d'utiliser un type personnalisé, il est néanmoins recommandé d'utiliser des "
"types personnalisés pour les classes (non entités) qui apparaissent "
"fréquemment dans votre application. Par exemple, une classe "
"<literal>MonetaryAmount est un bon candidat pour un "
"<literal>CompositeUserType même si elle pourrait facilement être "
"mappée en tant que composant. Une motivation pour cela est l'abstraction. "
"Avec un type personnalisé, vos documents de mappage sont à l'abri des "
"changements futurs dans votre façon de représenter des valeurs monétaires. "

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4353
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mapping a class more than once"
msgstr "Mapper une classe plus d'une fois"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4355
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is possible to provide more than one mapping for a particular persistent "
"class. In this case, you must specify an <emphasis>entity name to "
"disambiguate between instances of the two mapped entities. By default, the "
"entity name is the same as the class name. Hibernate lets you specify the "
"entity name when working with persistent objects, when writing queries, or "
"when mapping associations to the named entity."
msgstr ""
"Il est possible de fournir plus d'un mappage par classe persistante. Dans ce "
"cas, vous devez spécifier un <emphasis>nom d'entité pour lever "
"l'ambiguité entre les instances des entités mappées (par défaut, le nom de "
"l'entité est celui de la classe). Hibernate vous permet de spécifier le nom "
"de l'entité lorsque vous utilisez des objets persistants, lorsque vous "
"écrivez des requêtes ou quand vous mappez des associations vers les entités "
"nommées. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4363
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<class name=\"Contract\" table=\"Contracts\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"CurrentContract\">\n"
"    ...\n"
"    <set name=\"history\" inverse=\"true\"\n"
"            order-by=\"effectiveEndDate desc\">\n"
"        <key column=\"currentContractId\"/>\n"
"        <one-to-many entity-name=\"HistoricalContract\"/>\n"
"    </set>\n"
"</class>\n"
"\n"
"<class name=\"Contract\" table=\"ContractHistory\"\n"
"        entity-name=\"HistoricalContract\">\n"
"    ...\n"
"    <many-to-one name=\"currentContract\"\n"
"            column=\"currentContractId\"\n"
"            entity-name=\"CurrentContract\"/>\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4365
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Associations are now specified using <literal>entity-name instead "
"of <literal>class."
msgstr ""
"Remarquez comment les associations sont désormais spécifiées en utilisant "
"<literal>entity-name au lieu de class. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4369 basic_mapping.xml:4497
#, no-c-format
msgid "This feature is not supported in Annotations"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4374
#, no-c-format
msgid "SQL quoted identifiers"
msgstr "SQL quoted identifiers"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4376
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can force Hibernate to quote an identifier in the generated SQL by "
"enclosing the table or column name in backticks in the mapping document. "
"Hibernate will use the correct quotation style for the SQL <literal>Dialect (habituellement des doubles quotes, "
"mais des parenthèses pour SQL Server et des backticks pour MySQL). "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4382
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity @Table(name=\"`Line Item`\")\n"
"class LineItem {\n"
"   @id @Column(name=\"`Item Id`\") Integer id;\n"
"   @Column(name=\"`Item #`\") int itemNumber\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"<class name=\"LineItem\" table=\"`Line Item`\">\n"
"    <id name=\"id\" column=\"`Item Id`\"/><generator class="
"\"assigned\"/></id>\n"
"    <property name=\"itemNumber\" column=\"`Item #`\"/>\n"
"    ...\n"
"</class>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4386
#, no-c-format
msgid "Generated properties"
msgstr "Propriétés générées "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4388
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Generated properties are properties that have their values generated by the "
"database. Typically, Hibernate applications needed to <literal>refresh sur les instances qui "
"contenaient des propriétés pour lesquelles la base de données générait des "
"valeurs. Marquer les propriétés comme générées, permet à l'application de "
"déléguer cette responsabilité à Hibernate. Principalement, à chaque fois que "
"Hibernate réalise un SQL INSERT ou UPDATE en base de données pour une entité "
"marquée comme telle, cela provoque immédiatement un select pour récupérer "
"les valeurs générées. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4397
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Properties marked as generated must additionally be non-insertable and non-"
"updateable. Only <link linkend=\"mapping-declaration-version\">versionstimestamps, "
"and <link linkend=\"mapping-declaration-property\">simple properties, "
"can be marked as generated."
msgstr ""
"Les propriétés marquées comme générées doivent de plus ne pas être "
"insérables et modifiables. Seules les versions <xref linkend=\"mapping-"
"declaration-version\"/>, les timestamps <xref linkend=\"mapping-declaration-"
"timestamp\"/>, et les propriétés simples <xref linkend=\"mapping-declaration-"
"property\" /> peuvent être marqués comme générés. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4404
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>never (the default): the given property value is not "
"generated within the database."
msgstr ""
"<literal>never (par défaut) - indique que la valeur donnée de la "
"propriété n'est pas générée dans la base de données. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4407
#, fuzzy, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>insert: the given property value is generated on insert, "
"but is not regenerated on subsequent updates. Properties like created-date "
"fall into this category. Even though <link linkend=\"mapping-declaration-"
"version\">version</link> and  properties can be marked as generated, this option is "
"not available."
msgstr ""
"<literal>insert - indique que la valeur de la propriété donnée est "
"générée à l'insertion mais pas lors des futures mise à jour de "
"l'enregistrement. Les colonnes de type \"date de création\" sont le cas "
"d'utilisation typique de cette option. Notez que bien que la version <xref "
"linkend=\"mapping-declaration-version\"/> et les propriétés timestamp <xref "
"linkend=\"mapping-declaration-timestamp\" /> puissent être déclarées comme "
"générées, cette option n'est pas disponible."

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4414
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>always: the property value is generated both on insert "
"and on update."
msgstr ""
"<literal>always - indique que la valeur de la propriété est "
"générée à l'insertion comme aux mise à jour. "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4417
#, no-c-format
msgid "To mark a property as generated, use <classname>@Generated."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4422
#, no-c-format
msgid "Column transformers: read and write expressions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4424
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate allows you to customize the SQL it uses to read and write the "
"values of columns mapped to <link linkend=\"mapping-declaration-property"
"\">simple properties</link>. For example, if your database provides a set of "
"data encryption functions, you can invoke them for individual columns like "
"this:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4430
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class CreditCard {\n"
"   @Column(name=\"credit_card_num\")\n"
"   @ColumnTransformer(\n"
"      read=\"decrypt(credit_card_num)\", \n"
"      write=\"encrypt(?)\")\n"
"   public String getCreditCardNumber() { return creditCardNumber; }\n"
"   public void setCreditCardNumber(String number) { this.creditCardNumber = "
"number; }\n"
"   private String creditCardNumber;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4432
#, no-c-format
msgid "or in XML"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4434
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<property name=\"creditCardNumber\">\n"
"        <column \n"
"          name=\"credit_card_num\"\n"
"          read=\"decrypt(credit_card_num)\"\n"
"          write=\"encrypt(?)\"/>\n"
"</property>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4437
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can use the plural form <classname>@ColumnTransformers if "
"more than one columns need to define either of these rules."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4442
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If a property uses more that one column, you must use the "
"<literal>forColumn attribute to specify which column, the "
"expressions are targeting."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4446
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"@Entity\n"
"class User {\n"
"   @Type(type=\"com.acme.type.CreditCardType\")\n"
"   @Columns( {\n"
"      @Column(name=\"credit_card_num\"),\n"
"      @Column(name=\"exp_date\") } )\n"
"   @ColumnTransformer(\n"
"      forColumn=\"credit_card_num\", \n"
"      read=\"decrypt(credit_card_num)\", \n"
"      write=\"encrypt(?)\")\n"
"   public CreditCard getCreditCard() { return creditCard; }\n"
"   public void setCreditCard(CreditCard card) { this.creditCard = card; }\n"
"   private CreditCard creditCard;\n"
"}"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4448
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Hibernate applies the custom expressions automatically whenever the property "
"is referenced in a query. This functionality is similar to a derived-"
"property <literal>formula with two differences:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4453
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The property is backed by one or more columns that are exported as part of "
"automatic schema generation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4458
#, no-c-format
msgid "The property is read-write, not read-only."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4462
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>write expression, if specified, must contain exactly "
"one '?' placeholder for the value."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#: basic_mapping.xml:4467
#, no-c-format
msgid "Auxiliary database objects"
msgstr "Objets auxiliaires de la base de données "

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4469
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Auxiliary database objects allow for the CREATE and DROP of arbitrary "
"database objects. In conjunction with Hibernate's schema evolution tools, "
"they have the ability to fully define a user schema within the Hibernate "
"mapping files. Although designed specifically for creating and dropping "
"things like triggers or stored procedures, any SQL command that can be run "
"via a <literal>java.sql.Statement.execute() method is valid (for "
"example, ALTERs, INSERTS, etc.). There are essentially two modes for "
"defining auxiliary database objects:"
msgstr ""
"Permettent les ordres CREATE et DROP d'objets arbitraire de la base de "
"données, en conjonction avec les outils Hibernate d'évolutions de schéma, "
"pour permettre de définir complètement un schéma utilisateur au sein des "
"fichiers de mappage Hibernate. Bien que conçu spécifiquement pour créer et "
"supprimer des objets tels que les triggers et les procédures stockées, en "
"réalité toute commande pouvant être exécutée via une méthode de "
"<literal>java.sql.Statement.execute() (ALTERs, INSERTS, etc) est "
"valable à cet endroit. Il y a principalement deux modes pour définir les "
"objets auxiliaires de base de données :"

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4479
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The first mode is to explicitly list the CREATE and DROP commands in the "
"mapping file:"
msgstr ""
"Le premier mode est de lister explicitement les commandes CREATE et DROP "
"dans le fichier de mappage : "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4482
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<hibernate-mapping>\n"
"    ...\n"
"    <database-object>\n"
"        <create>CREATE TRIGGER my_trigger ...</create>\n"
"        <drop>DROP TRIGGER my_trigger</drop>\n"
"    </database-object>\n"
"</hibernate-mapping>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4484
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The second mode is to supply a custom class that constructs the CREATE and "
"DROP commands. This custom class must implement the <literal>org.hibernate."
"mapping.AuxiliaryDatabaseObject</literal> interface."
msgstr ""
"Le second mode est de fournir une classe personnalisée qui sait comment "
"construire les commandes CREATE et DROP. Cette classe personnalisée doit "
"implémenter l'interface <literal>org.hibernate.mappage."
"AuxiliaryDatabaseObject</literal>. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4489
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<hibernate-mapping>\n"
"    ...\n"
"    <database-object>\n"
"        <definition class=\"MyTriggerDefinition\"/>\n"
"    </database-object>\n"
"</hibernate-mapping>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#: basic_mapping.xml:4491
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Additionally, these database objects can be optionally scoped so that they "
"only apply when certain dialects are used."
msgstr ""
"De plus, ces objets de base de données peuvent être optionnellement traités "
"selon l'utilisation de dialectes particuliers. "

#. Tag: programlisting
#: basic_mapping.xml:4494
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<hibernate-mapping>\n"
"    ...\n"
"    <database-object>\n"
"        <definition class=\"MyTriggerDefinition\"/>\n"
"        <dialect-scope name=\"org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect\"/"
">\n"
"        <dialect-scope name=\"org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect\"/"
">\n"
"    </database-object>\n"
"</hibernate-mapping>"
msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The <literal>force attribute is only useful if the table "
#~ "contains rows with \"extra\" discriminator values that are not mapped to "
#~ "a persistent class. This will not usually be the case."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'attribut <literal>force n'est utile que si la table contient "
#~ "des lignes avec des valeurs \"extra\" discriminantes qui ne sont pas "
#~ "mappées à une classe persistante. Ce ne sera généralement pas le cas. "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Use of <literal>select-before-update will usually decrease "
#~ "performance. It is useful to prevent a database update trigger being "
#~ "called unnecessarily if you reattach a graph of detached instances to a "
#~ "<literal>Session."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'utilisation de <literal>select-before-update va généralement "
#~ "faire baisser les performances. Ce paramètre est pratique pour éviter "
#~ "l'appel inutile par un déclenchement de mise à jour de base de donnée, "
#~ "quand on ré-attache un graphe d'instances à une <literal>Session"
#~ msgstr "<literal>increment"

#~ msgid "<literal>identity"
#~ msgstr "<literal>identity"

#~ msgid "<literal>sequence"
#~ msgstr "<literal>sequence"

#~ msgid "<literal>seqhilo"
#~ msgstr "<literal>seqhilo"

#~ msgid "<literal>uuid"
#~ msgstr "<literal>uuid"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "uses a 128-bit UUID algorithm to generate identifiers of type string that "
#~ "are unique within a network (the IP address is used). The UUID is encoded "
#~ "as a string of 32 hexadecimal digits in length."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "utilise un algorithme de type UUID 128 bits pour générer des identifiants "
#~ "de type string, unique au sein d'un réseau (l'adresse IP est utilisée). "
#~ "Le UUID est encodé en une chaîne de nombre héxadécimaux de longueur 32. "

#~ msgid "<literal>guid"
#~ msgstr "<literal>guid"

#~ msgid "<literal>native"
#~ msgstr "<literal>native"

#~ msgid "<literal>select"
#~ msgstr "<literal>select"

#~ msgid "<literal>foreign"
#~ msgstr "<literal>foreign"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<literal>optimizer (optional - defaults to none (en option - valeur par défaut = "
#~ "<literal>none): Voir <key-property> property "
#~ "mappings and <literal><key-many-to-one> mappings as child "
#~ "elements."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Pour une table avec clé composée, vous pouvez mapper plusieurs attributs "
#~ "de la classe comme propriétés identifiantes. L'élément <literal><"
#~ "composite-id></literal> accepte les mappages de propriétés "
#~ "<literal><key-property> et les mappages <key-"
#~ "many-to-one></literal> comme éléments enfants. "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The persistent class <emphasis>must override equals()"
#~ "</literal> and hashCode() to implement composite "
#~ "identifier equality. It must also implement <literal>Serializable surcharger les "
#~ "méthodes <literal>equals() et hashCode() "
#~ "pour implémenter l'égalité d'identifiant composite. Elles doivent aussi "
#~ "implémenter l'interface <literal>Serializable."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Unfortunately, this approach means that a persistent object is its own "
#~ "identifier. There is no convenient \"handle\" other than the object "
#~ "itself. You must instantiate an instance of the persistent class itself "
#~ "and populate its identifier properties before you can <literal>load() composite identifier, and "
#~ "discourage it for serious applications."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Malheureusement, cette approche signifie qu'un objet persistant est son "
#~ "propre identifiant. Il n'y a pas d'autre moyen pratique de \"manipuler\" "
#~ "l'objet que par l'objet lui-même. Vous devez instancier une instance de "
#~ "la classe persistante elle-même et peupler ses attributs identifiants "
#~ "avant de pouvoir appeler la méthode <literal>load() pour "
#~ "charger son état persistant associé à une clé composée. Nous appelons "
#~ "cette approche \"identifiant composé <emphasis>embarqué\" et "
#~ "ne la recommandons pas pour des applications complexes."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "A second approach is what we call a <emphasis>mapped composite "
#~ "identifier, where the identifier properties named inside the <literal><"
#~ "composite-id></literal> element are duplicated on both the persistent "
#~ "class and a separate identifier class."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Une seconde approche, appelée identifiant composé <emphasis>mappé) à la fois dans la "
#~ "classe persistante et dans une classe identifiante particulière."

#~ msgid ""
#~ "In this example, both the composite identifier class, "
#~ "<literal>MedicareId, and the entity class itself have "
#~ "properties named <literal>medicareNumber and "
#~ "<literal>dependent. The identifier class must override "
#~ "<literal>equals() and hashCode() and "
#~ "implement <literal>Serializable. The main disadvantage of this "
#~ "approach is code duplication."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Dans cet exemple, la classe d'identifiant composée,<literal>MedicareId et dependent. La "
#~ "classe identifiante doit redéfinir <literal>equals() et "
#~ "<literal>hashCode() et implémenter Serializable (optional - defaults to false (optionnel, défaut à false (optional - but required for a mapped composite "
#~ "identifier): the class used as a composite identifier."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>class (optionnel, mais requis pour un identifiant "
#~ "composé mappé) : la classe utilisée comme identifiant composé. "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will describe a third, even more convenient approach, where the "
#~ "composite identifier is implemented as a component class in <xref linkend="
#~ "\"components-compositeid\" />. The attributes described below apply only "
#~ "to this alternative approach:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Nous décrirons une troisième approche beaucoup plus efficace pour "
#~ "laquelle l'identifiant composé est implémenté comme une classe composant "
#~ "dans <xref linkend=\"components-compositeid\" />. Les attributs décrits "
#~ "ci dessous, ne s'appliquent que pour cette dernière approche :"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<literal>name (optional - required for this approach): a "
#~ "property of component type that holds the composite identifier. Please "
#~ "see chapter 9 for more information."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>name (optionnel, requis pour cette approche) : une "
#~ "propriété de type composant qui contient l'identifiant composé (voir "
#~ "chapitre 9). "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "<literal>class (optional - defaults to the property type "
#~ "determined by reflection): the component class used as a composite "
#~ "identifier. Please see the next section for more information."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<literal>class (optionnel - par défaut le type de la propriété "
#~ "déterminé par réflexion) : la classe composant utilisée comme identifiant "
#~ "(voir prochaine section). "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The third approach, an <emphasis>identifier component, is "
#~ "recommended for almost all applications."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La troisième approche, un <emphasis>composant d'identifiant, "
#~ "est celle que nous recommandons pour toutes vos applications."

#~ msgid "Version (optional)"
#~ msgstr "Version (optionnel)"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The <literal><version> element is optional and indicates "
#~ "that the table contains versioned data. This is particularly useful if "
#~ "you plan to use <emphasis>long transactions. See below for "
#~ "more information:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'élément <literal><version> est optionnel et indique que "
#~ "la table contient des données versionnées. C'est particulièrement utile "
#~ "si vous avez l'intention d'utiliser des <emphasis>transactions longues, "
#~ "<literal>integer, short, timestampcalendar."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Les numéros de version doivent avoir les types Hibernate <literal>longinteger, short, "
#~ "<literal>timestamp ou calendar. "

#~ msgid "Many-to-one"
#~ msgstr "Plusieurs-à-un"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "An ordinary association to another persistent class is declared using a "
#~ "<literal>many-to-one element. The relational model is a many-to-"
#~ "one association; a foreign key in one table is referencing the primary "
#~ "key column(s) of the target table."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Une association ordinaire vers une autre classe persistante est déclarée "
#~ "en utilisant un élément <literal>many-to-one. Le modèle "
#~ "relationnel est une association de type plusieurs-à-un : une clé "
#~ "étrangère dans une table référence la ou les clé(s) primaire(s) dans la "
#~ "table cible. "

#~ msgid "One-to-one"
#~ msgstr "Un-à-un"

#~ msgid "There are two varieties of one-to-one associations:"
#~ msgstr "Il existe deux types d'associations un-à-un : "

#~ msgid "primary key associations"
#~ msgstr "association par clé primaire "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Alternatively, a foreign key with a unique constraint, from "
#~ "<literal>Employee to Person, can be "
#~ "expressed as:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Alternativement, une clé étrangère avec contrainte d'unicité de "
#~ "<literal>Employee vers Person peut être "
#~ "indiquée ainsi : "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "This association can be made bidirectional by adding the following to the "
#~ "<literal>Person mapping:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Et cette association peut être rendue bidirectionnelle en ajoutant ceci "
#~ "au mappage de <literal>Person : "

#~ msgid "Component and dynamic-component"
#~ msgstr "Component, dynamic-component"

#~ msgid "Subclass"
#~ msgstr "Subclass"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "A discriminator column is not required for this mapping strategy. Each "
#~ "subclass must, however, declare a table column holding the object "
#~ "identifier using the <literal><key> element. The mapping "
#~ "at the start of the chapter would then be re-written as:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Aucune colonne discriminante n'est nécessaire pour cette stratégie de "
#~ "mappage. Cependant, chaque sous-classe doit déclarer une colonne de table "
#~ "contenant l'objet identifiant qui utilise l'élément <literal><key> element, it is possible to map "
#~ "properties of one class to several tables that have a one-to-one "
#~ "relationship. For example:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "En utilisant l'élément <literal><join>, il est possible "
#~ "de mapper des propriétés d'une classe sur plusieurs tables quand il "
#~ "existe une relation un-à-un entre les tables. Par exemple :"

#~ msgid "Key"
#~ msgstr "Key"

#~ msgid "Any"
#~ msgstr "Any"

#~ msgid "<literal>class"
#~ msgstr "<literal>class"

#~ msgid "<literal>text"
#~ msgstr "<literal>text"

#~ msgid "<literal>clob, blob"
#~ msgstr "<literal>clob, blob"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "XML does not suit all users so there are some alternative ways to define "
#~ "O/R mapping metadata in Hibernate."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "XML ne convient pas à tout le monde, il y a donc des moyens alternatifs "
#~ "pour définir des métadonnées de mappage O/R dans Hibernate. "

#~ msgid "Using XDoclet markup"
#~ msgstr "Utilisation de XDoclet "

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Many Hibernate users prefer to embed mapping information directly in "
#~ "sourcecode using XDoclet <literal>@hibernate.tags. We do not "
#~ "cover this approach in this reference guide since it is considered part "
#~ "of XDoclet. However, we include the following example of the "
#~ "<literal>Cat class with XDoclet mappings:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "De nombreux utilisateurs de Hibernate préfèrent embarquer les "
#~ "informations de mappages directement au sein du code source en utilisant "
#~ "lesbalises XDoclet <literal>@hibernate.tags. Nous ne couvrons "
#~ "pas cette approche dans ce document puisque cela est considéré comme "
#~ "faisant partie de XDoclet. Cependant, nous présentons l'exemple suivant "
#~ "de la classe <literal>Cat avec des mappages XDoclet :"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "See the Hibernate website for more examples of XDoclet and Hibernate."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Voyez le site web de Hibernate pour plus d'exemples sur XDoclet et "
#~ "Hibernate. "

#~ msgid "Using JDK 5.0 Annotations"
#~ msgstr "Utilisation des annotations JDK 5.0"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "JDK 5.0 introduced XDoclet-style annotations at the language level that "
#~ "are type-safe and checked at compile time. This mechanism is more "
#~ "powerful than XDoclet annotations and better supported by tools and IDEs. "
#~ "IntelliJ IDEA, for example, supports auto-completion and syntax "
#~ "highlighting of JDK 5.0 annotations. The new revision of the EJB "
#~ "specification (JSR-220) uses JDK 5.0 annotations as the primary metadata "
#~ "mechanism for entity beans. Hibernate3 implements the "
#~ "<literal>EntityManager of JSR-220 (the persistence API). "
#~ "Support for mapping metadata is available via the <emphasis>Hibernate "
#~ "Annotations</emphasis> package as a separate download. Both EJB3 (JSR-"
#~ "220) and Hibernate3 metadata is supported."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Le JDK 5.0 introduit des annotations proches de celles de XDoclet au "
#~ "niveau java, qui sont type-safe et vérifiées à la compilation. Ce "
#~ "mécanisme est plus puissant que XDoclet et mieux supporté par les outils "
#~ "et les IDE. IntelliJ IDEA, par exemple, supporte l'auto-complétion et le "
#~ "surlignement syntaxique des annotations JDK 5.0. La nouvelle révision des "
#~ "spécifications des EJB (JSR-220) utilise les annotations JDK 5.0 comme "
#~ "mécanisme primaire pour les metadonnées des beans entités. Hibernate3 "
#~ "implémente l'<literal>EntityManager de la JSR-220 (API de "
#~ "persistance), le support du mappage de métadonnées est disponible via le "
#~ "paquetage <emphasis>Hibernate Annotations, en tant que module "
#~ "séparé à télécharger. EJB3 (JSR-220) et les métadonnées Hibernate3 sont "
#~ "supportés. "

#~ msgid "This is an example of a POJO class annotated as an EJB entity bean:"
#~ msgstr "Ceci est un exemple d'une classe POJO annotée comme un EJB entité :"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "Support for JDK 5.0 Annotations (and JSR-220) is currently under "
#~ "development. Please refer to the Hibernate Annotations module for more "
#~ "details."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Notez que le support des annotations JDK 5.0 (et de la JSR-220) est "
#~ "encore en cours et n'est pas terminé. Référez vous au module Hibernate "
#~ "Annotation pour plus d'informations. "