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Scala example source code file (Type.java)

This example Scala source code file (Type.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Java - Scala tags/keywords

attributes, attributes, basetype, constructorinfo, fieldinfo, fieldinfo, in, methodinfo, methodinfo, number, propertyinfo, string, type, type, util

The Scala Type.java source code

/*
 * System.Reflection-like API for access to .NET assemblies (DLL & EXE)
 */


package ch.epfl.lamp.compiler.msil;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Represents type declarations: class types, interface types, array types,
 * value types, and enumeration types.
 *
 * @author Nikolay Mihaylov
 * @version 1.0
 */
public abstract class Type extends MemberInfo {

    private java.util.List /* GenericParamAndConstraints */ tVars = new java.util.LinkedList();
    private GenericParamAndConstraints[] sortedTVars = null;

    public void addTVar(GenericParamAndConstraints tvarAndConstraints) {
        sortedTVars = null;
        tVars.add(tvarAndConstraints);
    }

    public GenericParamAndConstraints[] getSortedTVars() {
        if(sortedTVars == null) {
            sortedTVars = new GenericParamAndConstraints[tVars.size()];
            for (int i = 0; i < sortedTVars.length; i ++){
                Iterator iter = tVars.iterator();
                while(iter.hasNext()) {
                    GenericParamAndConstraints tvC = (GenericParamAndConstraints)iter.next();
                    if(tvC.Number == i) {
                        sortedTVars[i] = tvC;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return sortedTVars;
    }


    //##########################################################################
    // public static members

    /** Empty array of type Type. */
    public static final Type[] EmptyTypes = new Type[0];

    /** Separates names in the namespace of the Type. */
    public static final char Delimiter = '.';

    //##########################################################################
    // public properties

    /** The fully qualified name of the Type. */
    public final String FullName;

    /** The namespace of the Type. */
    public final String Namespace;

    /** The type from which the current Type directly inherits. */
    public final Type BaseType() {
        initBaseType();
        return baseType;
    }
    protected Type baseType;

    /** The attributes associated with the Type. */
    public final int Attributes;

    /** The sssembly that the type is declared in. */
    public final Assembly Assembly() { return Module.Assembly; }

    /** The module (the EXE/DLL) in which the current Type is defined. */
    public final Module Module;

    public final int MemberType() {
        return DeclaringType == null
            ? MemberTypes.TypeInfo : MemberTypes.NestedType;
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // internal members

    // Fields declared by this class
    protected FieldInfo[] fields;

    // Methods declared by this class
    protected MethodInfo[] methods;

    // Constructors of this class
    protected ConstructorInfo[] constructors;

    // Properties of the class
    protected PropertyInfo[] properties;

    // Events of the class
    protected EventInfo[] events;

    // Interfaces implemented by this class
    protected Type[] interfaces;

    // Nested types declared by this class
    protected Type[] nestedTypes;

    // holds the element type of array, pointer and byref types
    private final Type elemType;

    // the underlying type of an enumeration. null if the type is not enum.
    protected Type underlyingType;

    protected int auxAttr;

    //##########################################################################
    // Map with all the types known so far and operations on it

    private static final Map types = new HashMap();

    protected static Type getType(String name) {
	return (Type) types.get(name);
    }

    protected static Type addType(Type t) {
        assert(!(t instanceof TMVarUsage));
        assert(!(t instanceof ConstructedType));
	Type oldType = (Type) types.put(t.FullName, t);
// 	if (oldType != null)
// 	    throw new RuntimeException("The type: [" + t.Assembly + "]" + t
// 				       + " replaces the type: [" +
// 				       oldType.Assembly + "]" + oldType);
 	return t;
    }

    //##########################################################################

    /** The main constructor. */
    protected Type(Module module,
		   int attr,
		   String fullName,
		   Type baseType,
		   Type[] interfaces,
		   Type declType,
		   int auxAttr,
		   Type elemType)
    {
	super(fullName.lastIndexOf(Delimiter) < 0 ? fullName :
	      fullName.substring(fullName.lastIndexOf(Delimiter) + 1,
				 fullName.length()),
	      declType);

	Module = module; // null only for TMVarUsage and for PrimitiveType
	Attributes = attr;
	this.baseType = baseType;
	if (DeclaringType == null) {
	    FullName = fullName;
	    int i = FullName.lastIndexOf(Delimiter);
	    Namespace = (i < 0) ? "" : FullName.substring(0,i);
	} else {
	    FullName = declType.FullName + "+" + fullName;
	    Namespace = DeclaringType.Namespace;
	}

	this.interfaces = interfaces;
	this.elemType = elemType;
	this.auxAttr = auxAttr;
    }

    public final boolean IsAbstract() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.Abstract) != 0;

    }
    public final boolean IsPublic() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.Public;
    }

    public final boolean IsNotPublic() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NotPublic;
    }

    public final boolean IsNestedPublic() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NestedPublic;
    }

    public final boolean IsNestedPrivate() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NestedPrivate;
    }

    public final boolean IsNestedFamily() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NestedFamily;
    }

    public final boolean IsNestedAssembly() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NestedAssembly;
    }

    public final boolean IsNestedFamORAssem() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NestedFamORAssem;
    }

    public final boolean IsNestedFamANDAssem() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.VisibilityMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.NestedFamANDAssem;
    }

    public final boolean IsSealed() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.Sealed) != 0;
    }

    public final boolean IsSpecialName() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.SpecialName) != 0;
    }

    public final boolean IsClass() {
	return  (Attributes & TypeAttributes.ClassSemanticsMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.Class;
    }

    public final boolean IsInterface(){
	return  (Attributes & TypeAttributes.ClassSemanticsMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.Interface;
    }

    public final boolean IsAutoLayout() {
        return  (Attributes & TypeAttributes.LayoutMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.AutoLayout;
    }
    public final boolean IsExplictitLayout() {
        return  (Attributes & TypeAttributes.LayoutMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.ExplicitLayout;
    }
    public final boolean IsLayoutSequential() {
        return  (Attributes & TypeAttributes.LayoutMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.SequentialLayout;
    }

    public final boolean IsImport() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.Import) != 0;
    }
    public final boolean IsSerializable() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.Serializable) != 0;
    }

    public final boolean IsAnsiClass() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.StringFormatMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.AnsiClass;
    }

    public final boolean IsUnicodeClass() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.StringFormatMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.UnicodeClass;
    }
    public final boolean IsAutoClass() {
	return (Attributes & TypeAttributes.StringFormatMask)
	    == TypeAttributes.AutoClass;
    }

    public final boolean IsArray() {
	return (auxAttr & AuxAttr.Array) != 0;
    }
    public final boolean IsByRef() {
	return (auxAttr & AuxAttr.ByRef) != 0;
    }
    public final boolean IsPointer() {
	return (auxAttr & AuxAttr.Pointer) != 0;
    }
    public final boolean IsPrimitive() {
	return (auxAttr & AuxAttr.Primitive) != 0;
    }
    public final boolean IsValueType() {
	return BaseType() == VALUE_TYPE() || IsEnum();
    }
    public final boolean IsEnum() {
	return BaseType() == ENUM();
    }
    public boolean CanBeTakenAddressOf() {
    /*  TODO should be overridden in TMVarUsage,
        but there's currently no way to bind a TMVarUsage to its GenericParamAndConstraints definition. Why?
        Because of the way the msil library is organized (e.g., mkArray() returns the same !0[] representation
        for all !0[] usages, irrespective of the scope of the !0 type-param)
        This  in turn is so because without generics there's no harm in using a type-def instance
        where a type-ref should go (e.g., the ParameterType of a ParameterInfo nowadays may point to a PEType).
        The net effect is that this method (CanBeTakenAddressOf) is conservative, it will answer "no"
        for example for !0 where !0 refers to a type-param with the isValuetype constraint set.
        The whole thing is ok at this point in time, where generics are not supported at the backend. */ 
	    return IsValueType() && (this != ENUM());
        /* ENUM() is a singleton, i.e. System.Enum is not generic */   
    }

    /** IsGeneric, true for a PEType or TypeBuilder (i.e., a type definition)
     * containing one or more type params. Not to be called on a reference
     * to a constructed type. */
    public final boolean IsGeneric() {
        return tVars.size() > 0;
    }

    public final boolean HasElementType() {
	return IsArray() || IsPointer() || IsByRef();
    }

    public boolean IsTMVarUsage() {
        // overridden in TMVarUsage
        return false;
    }
    
    public boolean IsNestedType() {
        return DeclaringType != null;
    }
    
    public boolean IsDefinitelyInternal() {
      if(IsNestedType()) {
        return IsNestedPrivate(); 
      } else {
        return IsNotPublic();
      }
    }

    //public final boolean IsCOMObject;
    //public final boolean IsContextful;
    //public final boolean IsMarshalByRef;

    protected Type(Module module,
		   int attr,
		   String fullName,
		   Type baseType,
		   Type[] interfaces,
		   Type declType,
		   int auxAttr)
    {
	this(module, attr, fullName, baseType, interfaces,
	     declType, auxAttr, null);
    }

    //##########################################################################

    public static final class TMVarUsage extends Type {

        public final int Number;
        public final boolean isTVar;

        /** Non-defining reference to either a TVar or an MVar.
         *  An instance of GenericParamAndConstraints represents a TVar or an MVar definition. */
        public TMVarUsage(int Number, boolean isTVar) {
            super(null, 0, ((isTVar ? "!" : "!!") + Number), null, null, null, AuxAttr.None, null);
            this.Number = Number;
            this.isTVar = isTVar;
	}

        public String toString() {
            return (isTVar ? "!" : "!!") + Number;
    }

        public final boolean IsTMVarUsage() {
            return true;
    }

        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

            TMVarUsage that = (TMVarUsage) o;

            if (Number != that.Number) return false;
            if (isTVar != that.isTVar) return false;

            return true;
        }

        public int hashCode() {
            int result = Number;
            result = 31 * result + (isTVar ? 1 : 0);
            return result;
        }
    }

    protected static final class AuxAttr {
	public static final int None      = 0x0000;
	public static final int Array     = 0x0001;
	public static final int ByRef     = 0x0002;
	public static final int Pointer   = 0x0008;
	public static final int Primitive = 0x0010;
    }

    /***/
    public static Type mkArray(Type elemType, int rank) {
	StringBuffer arrSig = new StringBuffer("[");
 	for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
 	    if (i > 0) arrSig.append(',');
 	}
	arrSig.append(']');
	Type array = getType(elemType.FullName + arrSig);
	if (array != null)
	    return array;
	array = new PrimitiveType(elemType.Module,
				  elemType.Attributes
				  | TypeAttributes.Sealed
				  | TypeAttributes.Serializable,
				  elemType.FullName + arrSig,
				  ARRAY(), EmptyTypes, null,
				  AuxAttr.Array, elemType);
	return addType(array);
    }

    /***/
    public static Type mkPtr(Type elemType) {
	String name = elemType.FullName + "*";
	Type type = getType(name);
	if (type != null) return type;
	type = new PrimitiveType(elemType.Module,
				 elemType.Attributes,
				 name, null, EmptyTypes, null,
				 AuxAttr.Pointer, elemType);
	return addType(type);
    }

    /***/
    public static Type mkByRef(Type elemType) {
        String name = elemType.FullName + "&";
        Type type = getType(name);
        if (type != null) return type;
        type = new PrimitiveType(elemType.Module,
                elemType.Attributes,
                name, null, EmptyTypes, null,
                AuxAttr.ByRef, elemType);
        return addType(type);
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // public methods

    /**
     * Return the type with the specified signature parameters.
     * For example, the fully qualified name for a class might look like this:
     * TopNamespace.SubNameSpace.ContainingClass+NestedClass,MyAssembly
     */
    public static Type GetType(String fullName) {
	Type type = getType(fullName);
	if (type != null) return type;

	// check if it's an array type; TODO: make array type handling more robust
	int i = fullName.lastIndexOf('[');
	int j = fullName.lastIndexOf(']');
	if (i >= 0)
	    if (j > i && j == (fullName.length() - 1)) {
		String elementTypeName = fullName.substring(0, i);
		Type elementType = GetType(elementTypeName);
		if (elementType == null)
		    throw new RuntimeException
			("Unknown element type '" + elementTypeName +
			 "' for the array type: " + fullName);
		int rank = j - i;
		for (int k = i + 1; k < j; k++) {
		    if (fullName.charAt(k) != ',')
			throw new RuntimeException
			    ("Malformed type name: " + fullName);
		}
		return mkArray(elementType, rank);
	    } else
		throw new RuntimeException("Malformed type name: " + fullName);

	// check if it's a pointer type
	if (fullName.charAt(fullName.length() - 1) == '*')
	    return addType
		(mkPtr(GetType(fullName.substring(0, fullName.length()-1))));

	// check if it's a nested class
	i = fullName.lastIndexOf('+');
	if (i > 0) {
	    if (i == 0 || i == (fullName.length() - 1))
		throw new RuntimeException("malformedTypeName");
	    Type enclosing = GetType(fullName.substring(0, i));
	    return enclosing == null ? null
		: enclosing.GetNestedType(fullName.substring(i + 1));
	}

	//System.out.println("Looking for type: " + fullName + " (" + fullName.length() + ")");
	// try in the assemblies
	Iterator assems = ch.epfl.lamp.compiler.msil.Assembly.
	    assemblies.values().iterator();
	while (type == null && assems.hasNext()) {
	    Assembly assem = ((Assembly) assems.next());
	    type = assem.GetType(fullName);
	    //System.out.println("\tin assemby " + assem + " -> " + type);
	}

	Type type2 = getType(fullName);
	if (type == type2) return type;
	return type == null ? null : addType(type);
    }

    /**
     * @return the type of the object encompassed or referenced to
     * by the current array, pointer or reference type.
     */
    public Type GetElementType() {
	return elemType;
    }

    /**
     * @return the type underlying an enumeration type.
     */
    public Type getUnderlyingType() {
	if (!IsEnum()) return null;
	// this would force the loading of the underlying type from the
	// the type of the value__ field of the enumeration
	initFields();
	return underlyingType;
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetField/s/

    /** Searches for the field with the specified name. */
    public FieldInfo GetField(String name) {
	initFields();
	for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
	    if (fields[i].Name.equals(name) && !fields[i].IsPrivate())
		return fields[i];
	return null;
    }

    /**
     */
    public FieldInfo GetField(String name, int bindingFlags) {
	FieldInfo[] fields = this.GetFields(bindingFlags);
	for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
	    if (name.equals(fields[i].Name))
		return fields[i];
	return null;
    }

    /** Gets the fields of the current Type. */
    public FieldInfo[] GetFields() {
	return GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
    }

    /**
     */
    public FieldInfo[] GetFields(int bindingFlags) {
 	initFields();
	final FieldInfo[] fields =
	    getAllFields((bindingFlags & BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly) != 0);
	final boolean getInstance = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Instance) != 0;
	final boolean getStatic = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Static) != 0;
	final boolean getPublic = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Public) != 0;
	final boolean getNonPublic =
	    (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.NonPublic) != 0;

	int cnt = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
	    FieldInfo field = fields[i];
	    boolean accessible = (getPublic && field.IsPublic())
		|| (getNonPublic && !field.IsPublic());
	    if (accessible
		// strip off the private fields up the hierarchy
		&& ((field.DeclaringType == this)
		    || ((field.DeclaringType != this) && !field.IsPrivate()))
		&& ((getInstance && !field.IsStatic())
		    || ((getStatic && field.IsStatic()) &&
			(field.DeclaringType == this
			 || (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy) != 0))
		    )
		)
		fields[cnt++] = field;
	}
	FieldInfo [] resFields = new FieldInfo[cnt];
	System.arraycopy(fields, 0, resFields, 0, cnt);
	return resFields;
    }

    protected FieldInfo[] getAllFields(boolean declaredOnly) {
	initFields();
	FieldInfo [] inherited = BaseType() == null || declaredOnly
	    ? FieldInfo.EMPTY_ARRAY
	    : BaseType().getAllFields(declaredOnly);
	FieldInfo[] allFields =
	    new FieldInfo[inherited.length + this.fields.length];
	System.arraycopy(inherited, 0, allFields, 0, inherited.length);
	System.arraycopy(this.fields, 0,
			 allFields, inherited.length, this.fields.length);
	return allFields;
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetConstructor/s/

    /** Searches for a public instance constructor whose parameters
     *  match the types in the specified array. */
    public ConstructorInfo GetConstructor(Type[] paramTypes) {
	initMethods();
	for (int i = 0; i < constructors.length; i++) {
	    if (equalParameters(constructors[i].GetParameters(), paramTypes))
		return constructors[i];
	}
	return null;
    }

    /** Returns all public instance constructors defined for the current Type.*/
    public ConstructorInfo[] GetConstructors() {
	return GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
    }

    /***/
    public ConstructorInfo[] GetConstructors(int bindingFlags) {
	initMethods();
	final boolean getInstance = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Instance) != 0;
	final boolean getStatic = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Static) != 0;
	final boolean getPublic = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Public) != 0;
	final boolean getNonPublic =
	    (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.NonPublic) != 0;

	ConstructorInfo[] constrs =
	    new ConstructorInfo[this.constructors.length];
	int cnt = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < this.constructors.length; i++) {
	    ConstructorInfo constr = this.constructors[i];
	    boolean accessible = (getPublic && constr.IsPublic())
		|| (getNonPublic && !constr.IsPublic());
	    if (accessible
		&& ((getInstance && !constr.IsStatic())
		    || (getStatic && constr.IsStatic())))
		constrs[cnt++] = constr;
	}
	ConstructorInfo [] resConstrs = new ConstructorInfo[cnt];
	System.arraycopy(constrs, 0, resConstrs, 0, cnt);
	return resConstrs;
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetMethod/s/

    /** Searches for the specified public method whose parameters
     *  match the specified argument types. */
    public MethodInfo GetMethod(String name, Type[] paramTypes) {
        return GetMethod(name, paramTypes, null);
    }

    public MethodInfo GetMethod(String name, Type[] paramTypes, Type retType) {
	initMethods();
	MethodInfo method = findMethod(methods, name, paramTypes, retType);
	if (method != null)
	    return method;
	if (BaseType() != null) {
	    method = BaseType().GetMethod(name, paramTypes, retType);
	    if (method != null)
		return method;
	}
// 	StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer(name);
// 	str.append('(');
// 	for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
// 	    if (i > 0) str.append(", ");
// 	    str.append(paramTypes[i]);
// 	}
// 	str.append(')');
// 	System.out.println("Cannot find method " + str + ":");
// 	System.out.println("Methods of class " + this);
// 	for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)
// 	    System.out.println("\t" + methods[i]);
	return null;
    }

    /**
     */
    protected static MethodInfo findMethod(MethodInfo[] methods,
					   String name,
					   Type[] paramTypes,
                                           Type retType)
    {
	for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)
	    if (name.equals(methods[i].Name)
		&& equalParameters(methods[i].GetParameters(), paramTypes)
                && (retType == null || methods[i].ReturnType == retType))
		return methods[i];
	return null;
    }

    /**
     */
    protected static boolean equalParameters(ParameterInfo[] params,
					    Type[] paramTypes)
    {
	if (params.length != paramTypes.length)
	    return false;
	for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
// 	    System.out.println(params[i].ParameterType + " == " + paramTypes[i]
// 			       + " = " + (params[i].ParameterType == paramTypes[i]));
	    if (params[i].ParameterType != paramTypes[i])
		return false;
	}
	return true;
    }

    /**
     */
    public MethodInfo GetMethod(String name, Type[] paramTypes, int bindingFlags) {
	MethodInfo[] methods = GetMethods(bindingFlags);
	MethodInfo method =  findMethod(methods, name, paramTypes, null);
	if (method == null) {
	    StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer(name);
	    str.append('(');
	    for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
		if (i > 0) str.append(", ");
		str.append(paramTypes[i]);
	    }
	    str.append(')');
	    System.out.println("Cannot find method " + str + ":");
	    System.out.println("Methods of class " + this);
	    for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)
		System.out.println("\t" + methods[i]);
	}
	return method;
    }

    /** Returns all public methods of the current Type. */
    public MethodInfo[] GetMethods() {
	return GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
    }

    /**
     */
    public MethodInfo[] GetMethods(int bindingFlags) {
	initMethods();
	final MethodInfo[] methods =
	    getAllMethods((bindingFlags & BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly) != 0);
	//System.out.println("" + this + ".GetMethods(int) -> " + methods.length);
	final boolean getInstance = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Instance) != 0;
	final boolean getStatic = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Static) != 0;
	final boolean getPublic = (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.Public) != 0;
	final boolean getNonPublic =
	    (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.NonPublic) != 0;

	int cnt = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
	    MethodInfo method = methods[i];
	    boolean accessible = (getPublic && method.IsPublic())
		|| (getNonPublic && !method.IsPublic());
	    if (accessible
		// strip off the private methods up the hierarchy
		&& ((method.DeclaringType == this)
		    || ((method.DeclaringType != this) && !method.IsPrivate()))
		&& ((getInstance && !method.IsStatic())
		    || ((getStatic && method.IsStatic()) &&
			(method.DeclaringType == this
			 || (bindingFlags & BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy) != 0))
		    )
		)
		methods[cnt++] = method;
	}
	MethodInfo [] resMethods = new MethodInfo[cnt];
	System.arraycopy(methods, 0, resMethods, 0, cnt);
	return resMethods;
    }

    protected MethodInfo[] getAllMethods(boolean declaredOnly) {
	initMethods();
	MethodInfo[] inherited = BaseType() == null || declaredOnly
	    ? MethodInfo.EMPTY_ARRAY
	    : BaseType().getAllMethods(declaredOnly);
	MethodInfo[] allMethods =
	    new MethodInfo[inherited.length + this.methods.length];
	System.arraycopy(inherited, 0, allMethods, 0, inherited.length);
	System.arraycopy(this.methods, 0,
			 allMethods, inherited.length, this.methods.length);
	return allMethods;
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetProperty/ies/

    /** Returns all public properties of the current Type.
     */
    public PropertyInfo[] GetProperties() {
	initProperties();
	return (PropertyInfo[]) properties.clone();
    }

    /** Returns the properties of the current class
     *  that satisfy the binding constrints.
     */
    public PropertyInfo[] GetProperties(int bindingFlags) {
	initProperties();
	return (PropertyInfo[]) properties.clone();
    }

    /** Returns the public property with the given name.
     */
    public PropertyInfo GetProperty(String name) {
	initProperties();
	for (int i = 0; i < properties.length; i++)
	    if (name.equals(properties[i].Name))
		return properties[i];
	return null;
    }

    /** Returns the property with the given name
     *  that satisfies the binding constraints.
     */
    public PropertyInfo GetProperty(String name, int bindingFlags) {
	throw new RuntimeException("Method not implemented yet");
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetEvent(s)

    public EventInfo[] GetEvents() {
        initEvents();
        return (EventInfo[]) events.clone();
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetNestedType/s/

    /** Searches for nested type with the specified name. */
    public Type GetNestedType(String name) {
	initNestedTypes();
	for (int i = 0; i < nestedTypes.length; i++)
	    if (nestedTypes[i].Name.equals(name))
		return nestedTypes[i];
	return null;
    }

    /** Returns all types nested within the current Type. */
    public Type[] GetNestedTypes() {
	initNestedTypes();
	return (Type[]) nestedTypes.clone();
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetInterface/s/

    /** Searches for an Interface with the given name implemented by this type
     */
    public Type GetInterface(String name) {
	return GetInterface(name, false);
    }

    /** Searches for the specified interface,
     * specifying whether to do a case-sensitive search.
     * @param name - the name of the interface to get
     * @param ignoreCase <b>true to perform a case-insensitive search for name
     *                   <b>false to perform a case-sensitive search for name
     * @return A Type object representing the interface with the specified name,
     *         implemented or inherited by the current Type, if found;
     *         otherwise, a null reference
     */
    public Type GetInterface(String name, boolean ignoreCase) {
	initInterfaces();
	for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
	    Type iface = interfaces[i];
	    if (ignoreCase) {
		if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(iface.Name)) return iface;
		if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(iface.FullName)) return iface;
	    } else {
		if (name.equals(iface.Name)) return iface;
		if (name.equals(iface.FullName)) return iface;
	    }
	}
	return BaseType() == null ? null
	    : BaseType().GetInterface(name, ignoreCase);
    }

    /** Returns the interfaces implemented or inherited by the current Type. */
    public Type[] GetInterfaces() {
	initInterfaces();
	if (BaseType() == null) return interfaces;

	Type[] ifaces = interfaces;
	int count = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
	    if (BaseType().GetInterface(interfaces[i].FullName) == null)
		ifaces[count++] = ifaces[i];
	}
	Type[] baseTypeIfaces = BaseType().GetInterfaces();

	Type[] res = new Type[baseTypeIfaces.length + count];
	System.arraycopy(baseTypeIfaces, 0, res, 0, baseTypeIfaces.length);
	System.arraycopy(ifaces, 0, res, baseTypeIfaces.length, count);

	return res;
    }


    public boolean isSubtypeOf(Type that) {
	if (this == that || BaseType() == that || that == OBJECT()) return true;
	initInterfaces();
	for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++)
	    if (interfaces[i].isSubtypeOf(that))
		return true;
	boolean res = BaseType() == null ? false : BaseType().isSubtypeOf(that);
// 	if (!res) {
// 	    System.out.println(dumpType(this) + " not a subtype of " +
// 			       dumpType(that));
// 	}
	return res;
    }

    private static String formatType(Type t) {
	if (t == null) return "<null>";
	String cname = t.getClass().getName();
	int k = cname.lastIndexOf(".");
	if (k >= 0)
	    cname = cname.substring(k + 1);
	return  "[" + t.Assembly().GetName() + "]" + t +
	    "(" + cname + "#" + Integer.toHexString(t.hashCode()) + ")";
    }
    private static String dumpType(Type t) {
	StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
	str.append(formatType(t) + " : ");
	str.append(formatType(t.BaseType()));
	Type[] ifaces = t.GetInterfaces();
	for (int i = 0; i < ifaces.length; i++)
	    str.append(", " + formatType(ifaces[i]));
	return str.toString();
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // GetMember/s/

    protected MemberInfo[] members;

    public MemberInfo[] GetMember(String name) {
	aggregateMembers();
	List l = new ArrayList();
	for (int i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
	    if (name.equals(members[i].Name))
		l.add(members[i]);
	}
	return (MemberInfo[])l.toArray(MemberInfo.EMPTY_ARRAY);
    }

    protected void aggregateMembers() {
	if (members != null)
	    return;
	initFields();
	initMethods();
	initProperties();
	initNestedTypes();
	// the List returned by Arrays.asList doesn't support the addAll method
	// so we have to wrap it in ArrayList
	List l = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(fields));
	l.addAll(Arrays.asList(constructors));
	l.addAll(Arrays.asList(methods));
	l.addAll(Arrays.asList(properties));
	l.addAll(Arrays.asList(nestedTypes));
	members = (MemberInfo[]) l.toArray(MemberInfo.EMPTY_ARRAY);
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // non-standard methods that return only members declared in this type

    /**
     * Return only the fields declared in this type.
     */
    public FieldInfo[] getFields() {
	initFields();
	FieldInfo[] fields = new FieldInfo[this.fields.length];
	System.arraycopy(this.fields, 0, fields, 0, fields.length);
	return fields;
    }

    /**
     * Return only the conrtuctors declared in this type.
     */
    public ConstructorInfo[] getConstructors() {
	initMethods();
	ConstructorInfo[] ctors = new ConstructorInfo[constructors.length];
	System.arraycopy(constructors, 0, ctors, 0, ctors.length);
	return ctors;
    }

    /**
     * Return only the methods declared in this type.
     */
    public MethodInfo[] getMethods() {
	initMethods();
	MethodInfo[] methods = new MethodInfo[this.methods.length];
	System.arraycopy(this.methods, 0, methods, 0, methods.length);
	return methods;
    }

    /**
     * Return only the properties declared in this type.
     */
    public PropertyInfo[] getProperties() {
	initProperties();
	PropertyInfo[] props = new PropertyInfo[properties.length];
	System.arraycopy(properties, 0, props, 0, props.length);
	return props;
    }

    /**
     * Return only the interfaces directly implemented by this type.
     */
    public Type[] getInterfaces() {
	initInterfaces();
	Type[] ifaces = new Type[interfaces.length];
	System.arraycopy(interfaces, 0, ifaces, 0, ifaces.length);
	return ifaces;
    }

    /**
     * Return the types declared in this type.
     */
    public Type[] getNestedTypes() {
	initNestedTypes();
	Type[] nested = new Type[nestedTypes.length];
	System.arraycopy(nestedTypes, 0, nested, 0, nested.length);
	return nested;
    }

    //##########################################################################

    public String toString() {
	return FullName;
    }

    //##########################################################################
    // lazy type construction members

    private boolean initBaseType = true;
    protected final void initBaseType() {
        if (initBaseType) {
            loadBaseType();
            initBaseType = false;
        }
    }
    protected void loadBaseType() {}

    private boolean initInterfaces = true;
    protected void initInterfaces() {
	if (initInterfaces) {
	    loadInterfaces();
	    initInterfaces = false;
	}
	assert interfaces != null : "In type " + this;
    }
    protected void loadInterfaces() {}

    private boolean initNestedTypes = true;
    protected void initNestedTypes() {
	if (initNestedTypes) {
	    loadNestedTypes();
	    initNestedTypes = false;
	}
	assert nestedTypes != null : "In type " + this;
    }
    protected void loadNestedTypes() {}

    private boolean initFields = true;
    protected void initFields() {
	if (initFields) {
	    loadFields();
	    initFields = false;
	}
	assert fields != null : "In type " + this;
    }
    protected void loadFields() {}

    private boolean initMethods = true;
    protected void initMethods() {
	if (initMethods) {
	    loadMethods();
	    initMethods = false;
	}
	assert constructors != null : "In type " + this;
	assert methods != null : "In type " + this;
    }
    protected void loadMethods() {}

    private boolean initProperties = true;
    protected void initProperties() {
	if (initProperties) {
	    initMethods();
	    loadProperties();
	    initProperties = false;
	}
	assert properties != null : "In type " + this;
    }
    protected void loadProperties() {}

    private boolean initEvents = true;
    protected void initEvents() {
	if (initEvents) {
	    initMethods();
	    loadEvents();
	    initEvents = false;
	}
	assert events != null : "In type " + this;
    }
    protected void loadEvents() {}

    //##########################################################################

    //##########################################################################
    // static members

    private static Assembly MSCORLIB;
    private static Module   MSCORLIB_DLL;

    public static Type OBJECT() { return __OBJECT; }
    public static Type STRING() { return __STRING; }
    public static Type ARRAY() { return __ARRAY; }
    public static Type VOID() { return __VOID; }
    public static Type ENUM() { return __ENUM; }
    public static Type VALUE_TYPE() { return __VALUE_TYPE; }

    private static Type __OBJECT;
    private static Type __STRING;
    private static Type __ARRAY;
    private static Type __VOID;
    private static Type __ENUM;
    private static Type __VALUE_TYPE;

    public static void initMSCORLIB(Assembly mscorlib) {
        if (MSCORLIB != null)
            throw new RuntimeException("mscorlib already initialized");
	MSCORLIB = mscorlib;
	MSCORLIB_DLL = MSCORLIB.GetModules()[0];

	__OBJECT = mscorlib.GetType("System.Object");
	__STRING = mscorlib.GetType("System.String");
	__ARRAY  = mscorlib.GetType("System.Array");
	__VOID   = mscorlib.GetType("System.Void");
	__ENUM   = mscorlib.GetType("System.Enum");
	__VALUE_TYPE   = mscorlib.GetType("System.ValueType");
    }

    //##########################################################################

}  // class Type

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