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Tomcat example source code file (BaseDirContext.java)

This example Tomcat source code file (BaseDirContext.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Java - Tomcat tags/keywords

attributes, attributes, dircontext, hashtable, name, nameparserimpl, naming, namingenumeration, namingexception, namingexception, object, object, searchcontrols, string, string, util

The Tomcat BaseDirContext.java source code

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */ 


package org.apache.naming.resources;

import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.Name;
import javax.naming.NameParser;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.ModificationItem;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchControls;

import org.apache.naming.NameParserImpl;
import org.apache.naming.StringManager;

/**
 * Directory Context implementation helper class.
 *
 * @author Remy Maucherat
 * @version $Revision: 467222 $ $Date: 2006-10-24 05:17:11 +0200 (mar., 24 oct. 2006) $
 */

public abstract class BaseDirContext implements DirContext {


    // -------------------------------------------------------------- Constants


    // ----------------------------------------------------------- Constructors


    /**
     * Builds a base directory context.
     */
    public BaseDirContext() {
        this.env = new Hashtable();
    }


    /**
     * Builds a base directory context using the given environment.
     */
    public BaseDirContext(Hashtable env) {
        this.env = env;
    }


    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables


    /**
     * The document base path.
     */
    protected String docBase = null;


    /**
     * Environment.
     */
    protected Hashtable env;


    /**
     * The string manager for this package.
     */
    protected StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);


    /**
     * Name parser for this context.
     */
    protected final NameParser nameParser = new NameParserImpl();


    /**
     * Cached.
     */
    protected boolean cached = true;


    /**
     * Cache TTL.
     */
    protected int cacheTTL = 5000; // 5s


    /**
     * Max size of resources which will have their content cached.
     */
    protected int cacheMaxSize = 10240; // 10 MB


    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties


    /**
     * Return the document root for this component.
     */
    public String getDocBase() {
        return (this.docBase);
    }


    /**
     * Set the document root for this component.
     *
     * @param docBase The new document root
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the specified value is not
     *  supported by this implementation
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if this would create a
     *  malformed URL
     */
    public void setDocBase(String docBase) {

        // Validate the format of the proposed document root
        if (docBase == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                (sm.getString("resources.null"));

        // Change the document root property
        this.docBase = docBase;

    }


    /**
     * Set cached.
     */
    public void setCached(boolean cached) {
        this.cached = cached;
    }


    /**
     * Is cached ?
     */
    public boolean isCached() {
        return cached;
    }


    /**
     * Set cache TTL.
     */
    public void setCacheTTL(int cacheTTL) {
        this.cacheTTL = cacheTTL;
    }


    /**
     * Get cache TTL.
     */
    public int getCacheTTL() {
        return cacheTTL;
    }


    /**
     * Return the maximum size of the cache in KB.
     */
    public int getCacheMaxSize() {
        return cacheMaxSize;
    }


    /**
     * Set the maximum size of the cache in KB.
     */
    public void setCacheMaxSize(int cacheMaxSize) {
        this.cacheMaxSize = cacheMaxSize;
    }


    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods


    /**
     * Allocate resources for this directory context.
     */
    public void allocate() {
        ; // No action taken by the default implementation
    }


    /**
     * Release any resources allocated for this directory context.
     */
    public void release() {
        ; // No action taken by the default implementation
    }


    // -------------------------------------------------------- Context Methods


    /**
     * Retrieves the named object. If name is empty, returns a new instance 
     * of this context (which represents the same naming context as this 
     * context, but its environment may be modified independently and it may 
     * be accessed concurrently).
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object to look up
     * @return the object bound to name
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Object lookup(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return lookup(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the named object.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object to look up
     * @return the object bound to name
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract Object lookup(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object. All intermediate contexts and the target 
     * context (that named by all but terminal atomic component of the name) 
     * must already exist.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if object did not supply all 
     * mandatory attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void bind(Name name, Object obj)
        throws NamingException {
        bind(name.toString(), obj);
    }


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if object did not supply all 
     * mandatory attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void bind(String name, Object obj)
        throws NamingException {
        bind(name, obj, null);
    }


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object, overwriting any existing binding. All 
     * intermediate contexts and the target context (that named by all but 
     * terminal atomic component of the name) must already exist.
     * <p>
     * If the object is a DirContext, any existing attributes associated with 
     * the name are replaced with those of the object. Otherwise, any 
     * existing attributes associated with the name remain unchanged.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if object did not supply all 
     * mandatory attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void rebind(Name name, Object obj)
        throws NamingException {
        rebind(name.toString(), obj);
    }


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object, overwriting any existing binding.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if object did not supply all 
     * mandatory attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void rebind(String name, Object obj)
        throws NamingException {
        rebind(name, obj, null);
    }


    /**
     * Unbinds the named object. Removes the terminal atomic name in name 
     * from the target context--that named by all but the terminal atomic 
     * part of name.
     * <p>
     * This method is idempotent. It succeeds even if the terminal atomic 
     * name is not bound in the target context, but throws 
     * NameNotFoundException if any of the intermediate contexts do not exist. 
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @exception NameNotFoundException if an intermediate context does not 
     * exist
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void unbind(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        unbind(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Unbinds the named object.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @exception NameNotFoundException if an intermediate context does not 
     * exist
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract void unbind(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Binds a new name to the object bound to an old name, and unbinds the 
     * old name. Both names are relative to this context. Any attributes 
     * associated with the old name become associated with the new name. 
     * Intermediate contexts of the old name are not changed.
     * 
     * @param oldName the name of the existing binding; may not be empty
     * @param newName the name of the new binding; may not be empty
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if newName is already bound
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void rename(Name oldName, Name newName)
        throws NamingException {
        rename(oldName.toString(), newName.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Binds a new name to the object bound to an old name, and unbinds the 
     * old name.
     * 
     * @param oldName the name of the existing binding; may not be empty
     * @param newName the name of the new binding; may not be empty
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if newName is already bound
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract void rename(String oldName, String newName)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Enumerates the names bound in the named context, along with the class 
     * names of objects bound to them. The contents of any subcontexts are 
     * not included.
     * <p>
     * If a binding is added to or removed from this context, its effect on 
     * an enumeration previously returned is undefined.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to list
     * @return an enumeration of the names and class names of the bindings in 
     * this context. Each element of the enumeration is of type NameClassPair.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NamingEnumeration list(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return list(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Enumerates the names bound in the named context, along with the class 
     * names of objects bound to them.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to list
     * @return an enumeration of the names and class names of the bindings in 
     * this context. Each element of the enumeration is of type NameClassPair.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract NamingEnumeration list(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Enumerates the names bound in the named context, along with the 
     * objects bound to them. The contents of any subcontexts are not 
     * included.
     * <p>
     * If a binding is added to or removed from this context, its effect on 
     * an enumeration previously returned is undefined.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to list
     * @return an enumeration of the bindings in this context. 
     * Each element of the enumeration is of type Binding.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NamingEnumeration listBindings(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return listBindings(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Enumerates the names bound in the named context, along with the 
     * objects bound to them.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to list
     * @return an enumeration of the bindings in this context. 
     * Each element of the enumeration is of type Binding.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract NamingEnumeration listBindings(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Destroys the named context and removes it from the namespace. Any 
     * attributes associated with the name are also removed. Intermediate 
     * contexts are not destroyed.
     * <p>
     * This method is idempotent. It succeeds even if the terminal atomic 
     * name is not bound in the target context, but throws 
     * NameNotFoundException if any of the intermediate contexts do not exist. 
     * 
     * In a federated naming system, a context from one naming system may be 
     * bound to a name in another. One can subsequently look up and perform 
     * operations on the foreign context using a composite name. However, an 
     * attempt destroy the context using this composite name will fail with 
     * NotContextException, because the foreign context is not a "subcontext" 
     * of the context in which it is bound. Instead, use unbind() to remove 
     * the binding of the foreign context. Destroying the foreign context 
     * requires that the destroySubcontext() be performed on a context from 
     * the foreign context's "native" naming system.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to be destroyed; may not be empty
     * @exception NameNotFoundException if an intermediate context does not 
     * exist
     * @exception NotContextException if the name is bound but does not name 
     * a context, or does not name a context of the appropriate type
     */
    public void destroySubcontext(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        destroySubcontext(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Destroys the named context and removes it from the namespace.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to be destroyed; may not be empty
     * @exception NameNotFoundException if an intermediate context does not 
     * exist
     * @exception NotContextException if the name is bound but does not name 
     * a context, or does not name a context of the appropriate type
     */
    public abstract void destroySubcontext(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Creates and binds a new context. Creates a new context with the given 
     * name and binds it in the target context (that named by all but 
     * terminal atomic component of the name). All intermediate contexts and 
     * the target context must already exist.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to create; may not be empty
     * @return the newly created context
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if creation of the subcontext 
     * requires specification of mandatory attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Context createSubcontext(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return createSubcontext(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Creates and binds a new context.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to create; may not be empty
     * @return the newly created context
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if creation of the subcontext 
     * requires specification of mandatory attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Context createSubcontext(String name)
        throws NamingException {
        return createSubcontext(name, null);
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the named object, following links except for the terminal 
     * atomic component of the name. If the object bound to name is not a 
     * link, returns the object itself.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object to look up
     * @return the object bound to name, not following the terminal link 
     * (if any).
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Object lookupLink(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return lookupLink(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the named object, following links except for the terminal 
     * atomic component of the name.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object to look up
     * @return the object bound to name, not following the terminal link 
     * (if any).
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract Object lookupLink(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Retrieves the parser associated with the named context. In a 
     * federation of namespaces, different naming systems will parse names 
     * differently. This method allows an application to get a parser for 
     * parsing names into their atomic components using the naming convention 
     * of a particular naming system. Within any single naming system, 
     * NameParser objects returned by this method must be equal (using the 
     * equals() test).
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context from which to get the parser
     * @return a name parser that can parse compound names into their atomic 
     * components
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NameParser getNameParser(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return new NameParserImpl();
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the parser associated with the named context.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context from which to get the parser
     * @return a name parser that can parse compound names into their atomic 
     * components
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NameParser getNameParser(String name)
        throws NamingException {
        return new NameParserImpl();
    }


    /**
     * Composes the name of this context with a name relative to this context.
     * <p>
     * Given a name (name) relative to this context, and the name (prefix) 
     * of this context relative to one of its ancestors, this method returns 
     * the composition of the two names using the syntax appropriate for the 
     * naming system(s) involved. That is, if name names an object relative 
     * to this context, the result is the name of the same object, but 
     * relative to the ancestor context. None of the names may be null.
     * 
     * @param name a name relative to this context
     * @param prefix the name of this context relative to one of its ancestors
     * @return the composition of prefix and name
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Name composeName(Name name, Name prefix)
        throws NamingException {
        prefix = (Name) prefix.clone();
        return prefix.addAll(name);
    }


    /**
     * Composes the name of this context with a name relative to this context.
     * 
     * @param name a name relative to this context
     * @param prefix the name of this context relative to one of its ancestors
     * @return the composition of prefix and name
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public String composeName(String name, String prefix)
        throws NamingException {
        return prefix + "/" + name;
    }


    /**
     * Adds a new environment property to the environment of this context. If 
     * the property already exists, its value is overwritten.
     * 
     * @param propName the name of the environment property to add; may not 
     * be null
     * @param propVal the value of the property to add; may not be null
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Object addToEnvironment(String propName, Object propVal)
        throws NamingException {
        return env.put(propName, propVal);
    }


    /**
     * Removes an environment property from the environment of this context. 
     * 
     * @param propName the name of the environment property to remove; 
     * may not be null
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Object removeFromEnvironment(String propName)
        throws NamingException {
        return env.remove(propName);
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the environment in effect for this context. See class 
     * description for more details on environment properties. 
     * The caller should not make any changes to the object returned: their 
     * effect on the context is undefined. The environment of this context 
     * may be changed using addToEnvironment() and removeFromEnvironment().
     * 
     * @return the environment of this context; never null
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Hashtable getEnvironment()
        throws NamingException {
        return env;
    }


    /**
     * Closes this context. This method releases this context's resources 
     * immediately, instead of waiting for them to be released automatically 
     * by the garbage collector.
     * This method is idempotent: invoking it on a context that has already 
     * been closed has no effect. Invoking any other method on a closed 
     * context is not allowed, and results in undefined behaviour.
     * 
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void close()
        throws NamingException {
        env.clear();
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the full name of this context within its own namespace.
     * <p>
     * Many naming services have a notion of a "full name" for objects in 
     * their respective namespaces. For example, an LDAP entry has a 
     * distinguished name, and a DNS record has a fully qualified name. This 
     * method allows the client application to retrieve this name. The string 
     * returned by this method is not a JNDI composite name and should not be 
     * passed directly to context methods. In naming systems for which the 
     * notion of full name does not make sense, 
     * OperationNotSupportedException is thrown.
     * 
     * @return this context's name in its own namespace; never null
     * @exception OperationNotSupportedException if the naming system does 
     * not have the notion of a full name
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract String getNameInNamespace()
        throws NamingException;


    // ----------------------------------------------------- DirContext Methods


    /**
     * Retrieves all of the attributes associated with a named object. 
     * 
     * @return the set of attributes associated with name. 
     * Returns an empty attribute set if name has no attributes; never null.
     * @param name the name of the object from which to retrieve attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Attributes getAttributes(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return getAttributes(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves all of the attributes associated with a named object.
     * 
     * @return the set of attributes associated with name
     * @param name the name of the object from which to retrieve attributes
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Attributes getAttributes(String name)
        throws NamingException {
        return getAttributes(name, null);
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves selected attributes associated with a named object. 
     * See the class description regarding attribute models, attribute type 
     * names, and operational attributes.
     * 
     * @return the requested attributes; never null
     * @param name the name of the object from which to retrieve attributes
     * @param attrIds the identifiers of the attributes to retrieve. null 
     * indicates that all attributes should be retrieved; an empty array 
     * indicates that none should be retrieved
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public Attributes getAttributes(Name name, String[] attrIds)
        throws NamingException {
        return getAttributes(name.toString(), attrIds);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * Retrieves selected attributes associated with a named object.
     * 
     * @return the requested attributes; never null
     * @param name the name of the object from which to retrieve attributes
     * @param attrIds the identifiers of the attributes to retrieve. null 
     * indicates that all attributes should be retrieved; an empty array 
     * indicates that none should be retrieved
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract Attributes getAttributes(String name, String[] attrIds)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Modifies the attributes associated with a named object. The order of 
     * the modifications is not specified. Where possible, the modifications 
     * are performed atomically.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose attributes will be updated
     * @param mod_op the modification operation, one of: ADD_ATTRIBUTE, 
     * REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, REMOVE_ATTRIBUTE
     * @param attrs the attributes to be used for the modification; may not 
     * be null
     * @exception AttributeModificationException if the modification cannot be
     * completed successfully
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void modifyAttributes(Name name, int mod_op, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException {
        modifyAttributes(name.toString(), mod_op, attrs);
    }


    /**
     * Modifies the attributes associated with a named object.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose attributes will be updated
     * @param mod_op the modification operation, one of: ADD_ATTRIBUTE, 
     * REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, REMOVE_ATTRIBUTE
     * @param attrs the attributes to be used for the modification; may not 
     * be null
     * @exception AttributeModificationException if the modification cannot be
     * completed successfully
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract void modifyAttributes
        (String name, int mod_op, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Modifies the attributes associated with a named object using an an 
     * ordered list of modifications. The modifications are performed in the 
     * order specified. Each modification specifies a modification operation 
     * code and an attribute on which to operate. Where possible, the 
     * modifications are performed atomically.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose attributes will be updated
     * @param mods an ordered sequence of modifications to be performed; may 
     * not be null
     * @exception AttributeModificationException if the modification cannot be
     * completed successfully
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void modifyAttributes(Name name, ModificationItem[] mods)
        throws NamingException {
        modifyAttributes(name.toString(), mods);
    }


    /**
     * Modifies the attributes associated with a named object using an an 
     * ordered list of modifications.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose attributes will be updated
     * @param mods an ordered sequence of modifications to be performed; may 
     * not be null
     * @exception AttributeModificationException if the modification cannot be
     * completed successfully
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract void modifyAttributes(String name, ModificationItem[] mods)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object, along with associated attributes. If attrs 
     * is null, the resulting binding will have the attributes associated 
     * with obj if obj is a DirContext, and no attributes otherwise. If attrs 
     * is non-null, the resulting binding will have attrs as its attributes; 
     * any attributes associated with obj are ignored.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @param attrs the attributes to associate with the binding
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if some "mandatory" attributes 
     * of the binding are not supplied
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void bind(Name name, Object obj, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException {
        bind(name.toString(), obj, attrs);
    }


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object, along with associated attributes.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @param attrs the attributes to associate with the binding
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if some "mandatory" attributes 
     * of the binding are not supplied
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract void bind(String name, Object obj, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object, along with associated attributes, 
     * overwriting any existing binding. If attrs is null and obj is a 
     * DirContext, the attributes from obj are used. If attrs is null and obj 
     * is not a DirContext, any existing attributes associated with the object
     * already bound in the directory remain unchanged. If attrs is non-null, 
     * any existing attributes associated with the object already bound in 
     * the directory are removed and attrs is associated with the named 
     * object. If obj is a DirContext and attrs is non-null, the attributes 
     * of obj are ignored.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @param attrs the attributes to associate with the binding
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if some "mandatory" attributes 
     * of the binding are not supplied
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public void rebind(Name name, Object obj, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException {
        rebind(name.toString(), obj, attrs);
    }


    /**
     * Binds a name to an object, along with associated attributes, 
     * overwriting any existing binding.
     * 
     * @param name the name to bind; may not be empty
     * @param obj the object to bind; possibly null
     * @param attrs the attributes to associate with the binding
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if some "mandatory" attributes 
     * of the binding are not supplied
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract void rebind(String name, Object obj, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Creates and binds a new context, along with associated attributes. 
     * This method creates a new subcontext with the given name, binds it in 
     * the target context (that named by all but terminal atomic component of 
     * the name), and associates the supplied attributes with the newly 
     * created object. All intermediate and target contexts must already 
     * exist. If attrs is null, this method is equivalent to 
     * Context.createSubcontext().
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to create; may not be empty
     * @param attrs the attributes to associate with the newly created context
     * @return the newly created context
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if the name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if attrs does not contain all 
     * the mandatory attributes required for creation
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public DirContext createSubcontext(Name name, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException {
        return createSubcontext(name.toString(), attrs);
    }


    /**
     * Creates and binds a new context, along with associated attributes.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to create; may not be empty
     * @param attrs the attributes to associate with the newly created context
     * @return the newly created context
     * @exception NameAlreadyBoundException if the name is already bound
     * @exception InvalidAttributesException if attrs does not contain all 
     * the mandatory attributes required for creation
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract DirContext createSubcontext(String name, Attributes attrs)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Retrieves the schema associated with the named object. The schema 
     * describes rules regarding the structure of the namespace and the 
     * attributes stored within it. The schema specifies what types of 
     * objects can be added to the directory and where they can be added; 
     * what mandatory and optional attributes an object can have. The range 
     * of support for schemas is directory-specific.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose schema is to be retrieved
     * @return the schema associated with the context; never null
     * @exception OperationNotSupportedException if schema not supported
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public DirContext getSchema(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return getSchema(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves the schema associated with the named object.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose schema is to be retrieved
     * @return the schema associated with the context; never null
     * @exception OperationNotSupportedException if schema not supported
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract DirContext getSchema(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Retrieves a context containing the schema objects of the named 
     * object's class definitions.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose object class definition is to 
     * be retrieved
     * @return the DirContext containing the named object's class 
     * definitions; never null
     * @exception OperationNotSupportedException if schema not supported
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public DirContext getSchemaClassDefinition(Name name)
        throws NamingException {
        return getSchemaClassDefinition(name.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Retrieves a context containing the schema objects of the named 
     * object's class definitions.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the object whose object class definition is to 
     * be retrieved
     * @return the DirContext containing the named object's class 
     * definitions; never null
     * @exception OperationNotSupportedException if schema not supported
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract DirContext getSchemaClassDefinition(String name)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Searches in a single context for objects that contain a specified set 
     * of attributes, and retrieves selected attributes. The search is 
     * performed using the default SearchControls settings.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to search
     * @param matchingAttributes the attributes to search for. If empty or 
     * null, all objects in the target context are returned.
     * @param attributesToReturn the attributes to return. null indicates 
     * that all attributes are to be returned; an empty array indicates that 
     * none are to be returned.
     * @return a non-null enumeration of SearchResult objects. Each 
     * SearchResult contains the attributes identified by attributesToReturn 
     * and the name of the corresponding object, named relative to the 
     * context named by name.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NamingEnumeration search(Name name, Attributes matchingAttributes,
                                    String[] attributesToReturn)
        throws NamingException {
        return search(name.toString(), matchingAttributes, attributesToReturn);
    }


    /**
     * Searches in a single context for objects that contain a specified set 
     * of attributes, and retrieves selected attributes.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to search
     * @param matchingAttributes the attributes to search for. If empty or 
     * null, all objects in the target context are returned.
     * @param attributesToReturn the attributes to return. null indicates 
     * that all attributes are to be returned; an empty array indicates that 
     * none are to be returned.
     * @return a non-null enumeration of SearchResult objects. Each 
     * SearchResult contains the attributes identified by attributesToReturn 
     * and the name of the corresponding object, named relative to the 
     * context named by name.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract NamingEnumeration search
        (String name, Attributes matchingAttributes,
         String[] attributesToReturn)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Searches in a single context for objects that contain a specified set 
     * of attributes. This method returns all the attributes of such objects. 
     * It is equivalent to supplying null as the atributesToReturn parameter 
     * to the method search(Name, Attributes, String[]).
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to search
     * @param matchingAttributes the attributes to search for. If empty or 
     * null, all objects in the target context are returned.
     * @return a non-null enumeration of SearchResult objects. Each 
     * SearchResult contains the attributes identified by attributesToReturn 
     * and the name of the corresponding object, named relative to the 
     * context named by name.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NamingEnumeration search(Name name, Attributes matchingAttributes)
        throws NamingException {
        return search(name.toString(), matchingAttributes);
    }


    /**
     * Searches in a single context for objects that contain a specified set 
     * of attributes.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context to search
     * @param matchingAttributes the attributes to search for. If empty or 
     * null, all objects in the target context are returned.
     * @return a non-null enumeration of SearchResult objects. Each 
     * SearchResult contains the attributes identified by attributesToReturn 
     * and the name of the corresponding object, named relative to the 
     * context named by name.
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract NamingEnumeration search
        (String name, Attributes matchingAttributes)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Searches in the named context or object for entries that satisfy the 
     * given search filter. Performs the search as specified by the search 
     * controls.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context or object to search
     * @param filter the filter expression to use for the search; may not be 
     * null
     * @param cons the search controls that control the search. If null, 
     * the default search controls are used (equivalent to 
     * (new SearchControls())).
     * @return an enumeration of SearchResults of the objects that satisfy 
     * the filter; never null
     * @exception InvalidSearchFilterException if the search filter specified 
     * is not supported or understood by the underlying directory
     * @exception InvalidSearchControlsException if the search controls 
     * contain invalid settings
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NamingEnumeration search
        (Name name, String filter, SearchControls cons)
        throws NamingException {
        return search(name.toString(), filter, cons);
    }


    /**
     * Searches in the named context or object for entries that satisfy the 
     * given search filter. Performs the search as specified by the search 
     * controls.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context or object to search
     * @param filter the filter expression to use for the search; may not be 
     * null
     * @param cons the search controls that control the search. If null, 
     * the default search controls are used (equivalent to 
     * (new SearchControls())).
     * @return an enumeration of SearchResults of the objects that satisfy 
     * the filter; never null
     * @exception InvalidSearchFilterException if the search filter 
     * specified is not supported or understood by the underlying directory
     * @exception InvalidSearchControlsException if the search controls 
     * contain invalid settings
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract NamingEnumeration search(String name, String filter, 
                                             SearchControls cons)
        throws NamingException;


    /**
     * Searches in the named context or object for entries that satisfy the 
     * given search filter. Performs the search as specified by the search 
     * controls.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context or object to search
     * @param filterExpr the filter expression to use for the search. 
     * The expression may contain variables of the form "{i}" where i is a 
     * nonnegative integer. May not be null.
     * @param filterArgs the array of arguments to substitute for the 
     * variables in filterExpr. The value of filterArgs[i] will replace each 
     * occurrence of "{i}". If null, equivalent to an empty array.
     * @param cons the search controls that control the search. If null, the 
     * default search controls are used (equivalent to (new SearchControls())).
     * @return an enumeration of SearchResults of the objects that satisy the 
     * filter; never null
     * @exception ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if filterExpr contains {i} 
     * expressions where i is outside the bounds of the array filterArgs
     * @exception InvalidSearchControlsException if cons contains invalid 
     * settings
     * @exception InvalidSearchFilterException if filterExpr with filterArgs 
     * represents an invalid search filter
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public NamingEnumeration search(Name name, String filterExpr, 
                                    Object[] filterArgs, SearchControls cons)
        throws NamingException {
        return search(name.toString(), filterExpr, filterArgs, cons);
    }


    /**
     * Searches in the named context or object for entries that satisfy the 
     * given search filter. Performs the search as specified by the search 
     * controls.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the context or object to search
     * @param filterExpr the filter expression to use for the search. 
     * The expression may contain variables of the form "{i}" where i is a 
     * nonnegative integer. May not be null.
     * @param filterArgs the array of arguments to substitute for the 
     * variables in filterExpr. The value of filterArgs[i] will replace each 
     * occurrence of "{i}". If null, equivalent to an empty array.
     * @param cons the search controls that control the search. If null, the 
     * default search controls are used (equivalent to (new SearchControls())).
     * @return an enumeration of SearchResults of the objects that satisy the 
     * filter; never null
     * @exception ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if filterExpr contains {i} 
     * expressions where i is outside the bounds of the array filterArgs
     * @exception InvalidSearchControlsException if cons contains invalid 
     * settings
     * @exception InvalidSearchFilterException if filterExpr with filterArgs 
     * represents an invalid search filter
     * @exception NamingException if a naming exception is encountered
     */
    public abstract NamingEnumeration search
        (String name, String filterExpr, 
         Object[] filterArgs, SearchControls cons)
        throws NamingException;


    // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods


}

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