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Java example source code file (AbstractHttpClient.java)

This example source code file (AbstractHttpClient.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Java tags/keywords

authenticationhandler, clientconnectionmanager, clientprotocolexception, connectionreusestrategy, guardedby, httpcontext, httphost, httpparams, httprequestretryhandler, httpresponse, httprouteplanner, io, ioexception, net, network, redirecthandler, reflection, t

The AbstractHttpClient.java example source code

/*
 * ====================================================================
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 * ====================================================================
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
 * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
 * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
 * <http://www.apache.org/>.
 *
 */

package org.apache.http.impl.client;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;

import org.apache.http.annotation.ThreadSafe;
import org.apache.http.annotation.GuardedBy;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.http.ConnectionReuseStrategy;
import org.apache.http.HttpException;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequestInterceptor;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponseInterceptor;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthSchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.client.AuthenticationHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.RequestDirector;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.RedirectHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.UserTokenHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoutePlanner;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpecRegistry;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpProcessor;
import org.apache.http.protocol.DefaultedHttpContext;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpProcessor;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor;

/**
 * Base class for {@link HttpClient} implementations. This class acts as 
 * a facade to a number of special purpose handler or strategy 
 * implementations responsible for handling of a particular aspect of 
 * the HTTP protocol such as redirect or authentication handling or 
 * making decision about connection persistence and keep alive duration. 
 * This enables the users to selectively replace default implementation 
 * of those aspects with custom, application specific ones. This class 
 * also provides factory methods to instantiate those objects:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link HttpRequestExecutor} object used to transmit messages 
 *    over HTTP connections. The {@link #createRequestExecutor()} must be
 *    implemented by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.  
 *   <li>{@link BasicHttpProcessor} object to manage a list of protocol 
 *    interceptors and apply cross-cutting protocol logic to all incoming 
 *    and outgoing HTTP messages. The {@link #createHttpProcessor()} must be
 *    implemented by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link HttpRequestRetryHandler} object used to decide whether
 *    or not a failed HTTP request is safe to retry automatically.  
 *    The {@link #createHttpRequestRetryHandler()} must be
 *    implemented by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link ClientConnectionManager} object used to manage 
 *    persistent HTTP connections.
 *   <li>{@link ConnectionReuseStrategy} object used to decide whether 
 *    or not a HTTP connection can be kept alive and re-used for subsequent 
 *    HTTP requests. The {@link #createConnectionReuseStrategy()} must be
 *    implemented by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy} object used to decide how
 *    long a persistent HTTP connection can be kept alive.
 *    The {@link #createConnectionKeepAliveStrategy()} must be
 *    implemented by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link CookieSpecRegistry} object used to maintain a list of 
 *    supported cookie specifications. 
 *    The {@link #createCookieSpecRegistry()} must be implemented by concrete 
 *    super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link CookieStore} object used to maintain a collection of
 *    cookies. The {@link #createCookieStore()} must be implemented by 
 *    concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link AuthSchemeRegistry} object used to maintain a list of 
 *    supported authentication schemes. 
 *    The {@link #createAuthSchemeRegistry()} must be implemented by concrete 
 *    super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link CredentialsProvider} object used to maintain 
 *    a collection user credentials. The {@link #createCredentialsProvider()} 
 *    must be implemented by concrete super classes to instantiate 
 *    this object.
 *   <li>{@link AuthenticationHandler} object used to authenticate
 *    against the target host. 
 *    The {@link #createTargetAuthenticationHandler()} must be implemented 
 *    by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link AuthenticationHandler} object used to authenticate
 *    against the proxy host. 
 *    The {@link #createProxyAuthenticationHandler()} must be implemented 
 *    by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link HttpRoutePlanner} object used to calculate a route
 *    for establishing a connection to the target host. The route
 *    may involve multiple intermediate hops. 
 *    The {@link #createHttpRoutePlanner()} must be implemented 
 *    by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link RedirectHandler} object used to determine if an HTTP 
 *    request should be redirected to a new location in response to an HTTP 
 *    response received from the target server. 
 *    The {@link #createRedirectHandler()} must be implemented 
 *    by concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 *   <li>{@link UserTokenHandler} object used to determine if the 
 *    execution context is user identity specific. 
 *    The {@link #createUserTokenHandler()} must be implemented by 
 *    concrete super classes to instantiate this object.
 * </ul> 
 * <p>
 *   This class also maintains a list of protocol interceptors intended 
 *   for processing outgoing requests and incoming responses and provides 
 *   methods for managing those interceptors. New protocol interceptors can be 
 *   introduced to the protocol processor chain or removed from it if needed. 
 *   Internally protocol interceptors are stored in a simple 
 *   {@link java.util.ArrayList}. They are executed in the same natural order 
 *   as they are added to the list.
 * <p>
 *   AbstractHttpClient is thread safe. It is recommended that the same 
 *   instance of this class is reused for multiple request executions. 
 *   When an instance of DefaultHttpClient is no longer needed and is about 
 *   to go out of scope the connection manager associated with it must be 
 *   shut down by calling {@link ClientConnectionManager#shutdown()}!
 *
 * @since 4.0
 */
@ThreadSafe
public abstract class AbstractHttpClient implements HttpClient {

    private final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    /** The parameters. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private HttpParams defaultParams;

    /** The request executor. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private HttpRequestExecutor requestExec;

    /** The connection manager. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private ClientConnectionManager connManager;

    /** The connection re-use strategy. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private ConnectionReuseStrategy reuseStrategy;
    
    /** The connection keep-alive strategy. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy keepAliveStrategy;

    /** The cookie spec registry. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private CookieSpecRegistry supportedCookieSpecs;

    /** The authentication scheme registry. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private AuthSchemeRegistry supportedAuthSchemes;
    
    /** The HTTP processor. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private BasicHttpProcessor httpProcessor;

    /** The request retry handler. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandler;

    /** The redirect handler. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private RedirectHandler redirectHandler;

    /** The target authentication handler. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private AuthenticationHandler targetAuthHandler;

    /** The proxy authentication handler. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private AuthenticationHandler proxyAuthHandler;

    /** The cookie store. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private CookieStore cookieStore;

    /** The credentials provider. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private CredentialsProvider credsProvider;
    
    /** The route planner. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private HttpRoutePlanner routePlanner;

    /** The user token handler. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private UserTokenHandler userTokenHandler;


    /**
     * Creates a new HTTP client.
     *
     * @param conman    the connection manager
     * @param params    the parameters
     */
    protected AbstractHttpClient(
            final ClientConnectionManager conman,
            final HttpParams params) {
        defaultParams        = params;
        connManager          = conman;
    } // constructor

    protected abstract HttpParams createHttpParams();

    
    protected abstract HttpContext createHttpContext();

    
    protected abstract HttpRequestExecutor createRequestExecutor();


    protected abstract ClientConnectionManager createClientConnectionManager();


    protected abstract AuthSchemeRegistry createAuthSchemeRegistry();

    
    protected abstract CookieSpecRegistry createCookieSpecRegistry();

    
    protected abstract ConnectionReuseStrategy createConnectionReuseStrategy();

    
    protected abstract ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy createConnectionKeepAliveStrategy();

    
    protected abstract BasicHttpProcessor createHttpProcessor();

    
    protected abstract HttpRequestRetryHandler createHttpRequestRetryHandler();

    
    protected abstract RedirectHandler createRedirectHandler();

    
    protected abstract AuthenticationHandler createTargetAuthenticationHandler();

    
    protected abstract AuthenticationHandler createProxyAuthenticationHandler();

    
    protected abstract CookieStore createCookieStore();
    
    
    protected abstract CredentialsProvider createCredentialsProvider();
    
    
    protected abstract HttpRoutePlanner createHttpRoutePlanner();

    
    protected abstract UserTokenHandler createUserTokenHandler();

    
    // non-javadoc, see interface HttpClient
    public synchronized final HttpParams getParams() {
        if (defaultParams == null) {
            defaultParams = createHttpParams();
        }
        return defaultParams;
    }


    /**
     * Replaces the parameters.
     * The implementation here does not update parameters of dependent objects.
     *
     * @param params    the new default parameters
     */
    public synchronized void setParams(HttpParams params) {
        defaultParams = params;
    }


    public synchronized final ClientConnectionManager getConnectionManager() {
        if (connManager == null) {
            connManager = createClientConnectionManager();
        }
        return connManager;
    }


    public synchronized final HttpRequestExecutor getRequestExecutor() {
        if (requestExec == null) {
            requestExec = createRequestExecutor();
        }
        return requestExec;
    }


    public synchronized final AuthSchemeRegistry getAuthSchemes() {
        if (supportedAuthSchemes == null) {
            supportedAuthSchemes = createAuthSchemeRegistry();
        }
        return supportedAuthSchemes;
    }


    public synchronized void setAuthSchemes(final AuthSchemeRegistry authSchemeRegistry) {
        supportedAuthSchemes = authSchemeRegistry;
    }


    public synchronized final CookieSpecRegistry getCookieSpecs() {
        if (supportedCookieSpecs == null) {
            supportedCookieSpecs = createCookieSpecRegistry();
        }
        return supportedCookieSpecs;
    }


    public synchronized void setCookieSpecs(final CookieSpecRegistry cookieSpecRegistry) {
        supportedCookieSpecs = cookieSpecRegistry;
    }

    
    public synchronized final ConnectionReuseStrategy getConnectionReuseStrategy() {
        if (reuseStrategy == null) {
            reuseStrategy = createConnectionReuseStrategy();
        }
        return reuseStrategy;
    }


    public synchronized void setReuseStrategy(final ConnectionReuseStrategy reuseStrategy) {
        this.reuseStrategy = reuseStrategy;
    }

    
    public synchronized final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy getConnectionKeepAliveStrategy() {
        if (keepAliveStrategy == null) {
            keepAliveStrategy = createConnectionKeepAliveStrategy();
        }
        return keepAliveStrategy;
    }

    
    public synchronized void setKeepAliveStrategy(final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy keepAliveStrategy) {
        this.keepAliveStrategy = keepAliveStrategy;
    }


    public synchronized final HttpRequestRetryHandler getHttpRequestRetryHandler() {
        if (retryHandler == null) {
            retryHandler = createHttpRequestRetryHandler();
        }
        return retryHandler;
    }


    public synchronized void setHttpRequestRetryHandler(final HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandler) {
        this.retryHandler = retryHandler;
    }


    public synchronized final RedirectHandler getRedirectHandler() {
        if (redirectHandler == null) {
            redirectHandler = createRedirectHandler();
        }
        return redirectHandler;
    }


    public synchronized void setRedirectHandler(final RedirectHandler redirectHandler) {
        this.redirectHandler = redirectHandler;
    }


    public synchronized final AuthenticationHandler getTargetAuthenticationHandler() {
        if (targetAuthHandler == null) {
            targetAuthHandler = createTargetAuthenticationHandler();
        }
        return targetAuthHandler;
    }


    public synchronized void setTargetAuthenticationHandler(
            final AuthenticationHandler targetAuthHandler) {
        this.targetAuthHandler = targetAuthHandler;
    }


    public synchronized final AuthenticationHandler getProxyAuthenticationHandler() {
        if (proxyAuthHandler == null) {
            proxyAuthHandler = createProxyAuthenticationHandler();
        }
        return proxyAuthHandler;
    }


    public synchronized void setProxyAuthenticationHandler(
            final AuthenticationHandler proxyAuthHandler) {
        this.proxyAuthHandler = proxyAuthHandler;
    }


    public synchronized final CookieStore getCookieStore() {
        if (cookieStore == null) {
            cookieStore = createCookieStore();
        }
        return cookieStore;
    }


    public synchronized void setCookieStore(final CookieStore cookieStore) {
        this.cookieStore = cookieStore;
    }


    public synchronized final CredentialsProvider getCredentialsProvider() {
        if (credsProvider == null) {
            credsProvider = createCredentialsProvider();
        }
        return credsProvider;
    }


    public synchronized void setCredentialsProvider(final CredentialsProvider credsProvider) {
        this.credsProvider = credsProvider;
    }


    public synchronized final HttpRoutePlanner getRoutePlanner() {
        if (this.routePlanner == null) {
            this.routePlanner = createHttpRoutePlanner();
        }
        return this.routePlanner;
    }


    public synchronized void setRoutePlanner(final HttpRoutePlanner routePlanner) {
        this.routePlanner = routePlanner;
    }
    
    
    public synchronized final UserTokenHandler getUserTokenHandler() {
        if (this.userTokenHandler == null) {
            this.userTokenHandler = createUserTokenHandler();
        }
        return this.userTokenHandler;
    }


    public synchronized void setUserTokenHandler(final UserTokenHandler userTokenHandler) {
        this.userTokenHandler = userTokenHandler;
    }
    
    
    protected synchronized final BasicHttpProcessor getHttpProcessor() {
        if (httpProcessor == null) {
            httpProcessor = createHttpProcessor();
        }
        return httpProcessor;
    }


    public synchronized void addResponseInterceptor(final HttpResponseInterceptor itcp) {
        getHttpProcessor().addInterceptor(itcp);
    }


    public synchronized void addResponseInterceptor(final HttpResponseInterceptor itcp, int index) {
        getHttpProcessor().addInterceptor(itcp, index);
    }


    public synchronized HttpResponseInterceptor getResponseInterceptor(int index) {
        return getHttpProcessor().getResponseInterceptor(index);
    }


    public synchronized int getResponseInterceptorCount() {
        return getHttpProcessor().getResponseInterceptorCount();
    }


    public synchronized void clearResponseInterceptors() {
        getHttpProcessor().clearResponseInterceptors();
    }


    public synchronized void removeResponseInterceptorByClass(Class<? extends HttpResponseInterceptor> clazz) {
        getHttpProcessor().removeResponseInterceptorByClass(clazz);
    }

    
    public synchronized void addRequestInterceptor(final HttpRequestInterceptor itcp) {
        getHttpProcessor().addInterceptor(itcp);
    }


    public synchronized void addRequestInterceptor(final HttpRequestInterceptor itcp, int index) {
        getHttpProcessor().addInterceptor(itcp, index);
    }


    public synchronized HttpRequestInterceptor getRequestInterceptor(int index) {
        return getHttpProcessor().getRequestInterceptor(index);
    }


    public synchronized int getRequestInterceptorCount() {
        return getHttpProcessor().getRequestInterceptorCount();
    }


    public synchronized void clearRequestInterceptors() {
        getHttpProcessor().clearRequestInterceptors();
    }


    public synchronized void removeRequestInterceptorByClass(Class<? extends HttpRequestInterceptor> clazz) {
        getHttpProcessor().removeRequestInterceptorByClass(clazz);
    }

    public final HttpResponse execute(HttpUriRequest request)
        throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {

        return execute(request, (HttpContext) null);
    }


    /**
     * Maps to {@link HttpClient#execute(HttpHost,HttpRequest,HttpContext)
     *                           execute(target, request, context)}.
     * The target is determined from the URI of the request.
     *
     * @param request   the request to execute
     * @param context   the request-specific execution context,
     *                  or <code>null to use a default context
     */
    public final HttpResponse execute(HttpUriRequest request,
                                      HttpContext context)
        throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                ("Request must not be null.");
        }

        return execute(determineTarget(request), request, context);
    }

    private HttpHost determineTarget(HttpUriRequest request) {
        // A null target may be acceptable if there is a default target.
        // Otherwise, the null target is detected in the director.
        HttpHost target = null;

        URI requestURI = request.getURI();
        if (requestURI.isAbsolute()) {
            target = new HttpHost(
                    requestURI.getHost(),
                    requestURI.getPort(),
                    requestURI.getScheme());
        }
        return target;
    }

    public final HttpResponse execute(HttpHost target, HttpRequest request)
        throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {

        return execute(target, request, (HttpContext) null);
    }

    public final HttpResponse execute(HttpHost target, HttpRequest request,
                                      HttpContext context)
        throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                ("Request must not be null.");
        }
        // a null target may be acceptable, this depends on the route planner
        // a null context is acceptable, default context created below

        HttpContext execContext = null;
        RequestDirector director = null;
        
        // Initialize the request execution context making copies of 
        // all shared objects that are potentially threading unsafe.
        synchronized (this) {

            HttpContext defaultContext = createHttpContext();
            if (context == null) {
                execContext = defaultContext;
            } else {
                execContext = new DefaultedHttpContext(context, defaultContext);
            }
            // Create a director for this request
            director = createClientRequestDirector(
                    getRequestExecutor(),
                    getConnectionManager(),
                    getConnectionReuseStrategy(),
                    getConnectionKeepAliveStrategy(),
                    getRoutePlanner(),
                    getHttpProcessor().copy(),
                    getHttpRequestRetryHandler(),
                    getRedirectHandler(),
                    getTargetAuthenticationHandler(),
                    getProxyAuthenticationHandler(),
                    getUserTokenHandler(),
                    determineParams(request));
        }

        try {
            return director.execute(target, request, execContext);
        } catch(HttpException httpException) {
            throw new ClientProtocolException(httpException);
        }
    }

    protected RequestDirector createClientRequestDirector(
            final HttpRequestExecutor requestExec,
            final ClientConnectionManager conman,
            final ConnectionReuseStrategy reustrat,
            final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy kastrat,
            final HttpRoutePlanner rouplan,
            final HttpProcessor httpProcessor,
            final HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandler,
            final RedirectHandler redirectHandler,
            final AuthenticationHandler targetAuthHandler,
            final AuthenticationHandler proxyAuthHandler,
            final UserTokenHandler stateHandler,
            final HttpParams params) {
        return new DefaultRequestDirector(
                log,
                requestExec,
                conman,
                reustrat,
                kastrat,
                rouplan,
                httpProcessor,
                retryHandler,
                redirectHandler,
                targetAuthHandler,
                proxyAuthHandler,
                stateHandler,
                params);
    }

    /**
     * Obtains parameters for executing a request.
     * The default implementation in this class creates a new
     * {@link ClientParamsStack} from the request parameters
     * and the client parameters.
     * <br/>
     * This method is called by the default implementation of
     * {@link #execute(HttpHost,HttpRequest,HttpContext)}
     * to obtain the parameters for the
     * {@link DefaultRequestDirector}.
     *
     * @param req    the request that will be executed
     *
     * @return  the parameters to use
     */
    protected HttpParams determineParams(HttpRequest req) {
        return new ClientParamsStack
            (null, getParams(), req.getParams(), null);
    }

    public <T> T execute(
            final HttpUriRequest request, 
            final ResponseHandler<? extends T> responseHandler) 
                throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
        return execute(request, responseHandler, null);
    }

    public <T> T execute(
            final HttpUriRequest request,
            final ResponseHandler<? extends T> responseHandler, 
            final HttpContext context)
                throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
        HttpHost target = determineTarget(request);
        return execute(target, request, responseHandler, context);
    }

    public <T> T execute(
            final HttpHost target, 
            final HttpRequest request,
            final ResponseHandler<? extends T> responseHandler) 
                throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
        return execute(target, request, responseHandler, null);
    }

    public <T> T execute(
            final HttpHost target, 
            final HttpRequest request,
            final ResponseHandler<? extends T> responseHandler, 
            final HttpContext context) 
                throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
        if (responseHandler == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                ("Response handler must not be null.");
        }

        HttpResponse response = execute(target, request, context);

        T result;
        try {
            result = responseHandler.handleResponse(response);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                try {
                    entity.consumeContent();
                } catch (Throwable t2) {
                    // Log this exception. The original exception is more
                    // important and will be thrown to the caller.
                    this.log.warn("Error consuming content after an exception.", t2);
                }
            }

            if (t instanceof Error) {
                throw (Error) t;
            }

            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            }

            if (t instanceof IOException) {
                throw (IOException) t;
            }
            
            throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(t);
        }

        // Handling the response was successful. Ensure that the content has
        // been fully consumed.
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            // Let this exception go to the caller.
            entity.consumeContent();
        }

        return result;
    }

}

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