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Commons IO example source code file (FileAlterationObserver.java)

This example Commons IO source code file (FileAlterationObserver.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Java - Commons IO tags/keywords

exception, file, file, filealterationlistener, filealterationlistener, filealterationobserver, filealterationobserver, fileentry, fileentry, filefilter, illegalargumentexception, io, iocase, root, stringbuilder, threading, threads, util

The Commons IO FileAlterationObserver.java source code

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.io.monitor;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOCase;
import org.apache.commons.io.comparator.NameFileComparator;

/**
 * FileAlterationObserver represents the state of files below a root directory,
 * checking the filesystem and notifying listeners of create, change or
 * delete events.
 * <p>
 * To use this implementation:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Create {@link FileAlterationListener} implementation(s) that process
 *      the file/directory create, change and delete events</li>
 *   <li>Register the listener(s) with a {@link FileAlterationObserver} for
 *       the appropriate directory.</li>
 *   <li>Either register the observer(s) with a {@link FileAlterationMonitor} or
 *       run manually.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h2>Basic Usage
 * Create a {@link FileAlterationObserver} for the directory and register the listeners:
 * <pre>
 *      File directory = new File(new File("."), "src");
 *      FileAlterationObserver observer = new FileAlterationObserver(directory);
 *      observer.addListener(...);
 *      observer.addListener(...);
 * </pre>
 * To manually observe a directory, initialize the observer and invoked the
 * {@link #checkAndNotify()} method as required:
 * <pre>
 *      // intialize
 *      observer.init();
 *      ...
 *      // invoke as required
 *      observer.checkAndNotify();
 *      ...
 *      observer.checkAndNotify();
 *      ...
 *      // finished
 *      observer.finish();
 * </pre>
 * Alternatively, register the oberver(s) with a {@link FileAlterationMonitor},
 * which creates a new thread, invoking the observer at the specified interval:
 * <pre>
 *      long interval = ...
 *      FileAlterationMonitor monitor = new FileAlterationMonitor(interval);
 *      monitor.addObserver(observer);
 *      monitor.start();
 *      ...
 *      monitor.stop();
 * </pre>
 *
 * <h2>File Filters
 * This implementation can monitor portions of the file system
 * by using {@link FileFilter}s to observe only the files and/or directories
 * that are of interest. This makes it more efficient and reduces the
 * noise from <i>unwanted file system events.
 * <p>
 * <a href="http://commons.apache.org/io/">Commons IO has a good range of
 * useful, ready made 
 * <a href="../filefilter/package-summary.html">File Filter
 * implementations for this purpose.
 * <p>
 * For example, to only observe 1) visible directories and 2) files with a ".java" suffix
 * in a root directory called "src" you could set up a {@link FileAlterationObserver} in the following
 * way:
 * <pre>
 *      // Create a FileFilter
 *      IOFileFilter directories = FileFilterUtils.and(
 *                                      FileFilterUtils.directoryFileFilter(),
 *                                      HiddenFileFilter.VISIBLE);
 *      IOFileFilter files       = FileFilterUtils.and(
 *                                      FileFilterUtils.fileFileFilter(),
 *                                      FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".java"));
 *      IOFileFilter filter = FileFilterUtils.or(directories, files);
 *
 *      // Create the File system observer and register File Listeners
 *      FileAlterationObserver observer = new FileAlterationObserver(new File("src"), filter);
 *      observer.addListener(...);
 *      observer.addListener(...);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <h2>FileEntry
 * {@link FileEntry} represents the state of a file or directory, capturing
 * {@link File} attributes at a point in time. Custom implementations of
 * {@link FileEntry} can be used to capture additional properties that the
 * basic implementation does not support. The {@link FileEntry#refresh(File)}
 * method is used to determine if a file or directory has changed since the last
 * check and stores the current state of the {@link File}'s properties.
 *
 * @see FileAlterationListener
 * @see FileAlterationMonitor
 * @version $Id: FileAlterationObserver.java 1022803 2010-10-15 01:09:39Z niallp $
 * @since Commons IO 2.0
 */
public class FileAlterationObserver implements Serializable {

    private final List<FileAlterationListener> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();
    private final FileEntry rootEntry;
    private final FileFilter fileFilter;
    private final Comparator<File> comparator;

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory.
     *
     * @param directoryName the name of the directory to observe
     */
    public FileAlterationObserver(String directoryName) {
        this(new File(directoryName));
    }

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory and file filter.
     *
     * @param directoryName the name of the directory to observe
     * @param fileFilter The file filter or null if none
     */
    public FileAlterationObserver(String directoryName, FileFilter fileFilter) {
        this(new File(directoryName), fileFilter);
    }

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory, file filter and
     * file comparator.
     *
     * @param directoryName the name of the directory to observe
     * @param fileFilter The file filter or null if none
     * @param caseSensitivity  what case sensitivity to use comparing file names, null means system sensitive
     */
    public FileAlterationObserver(String directoryName, FileFilter fileFilter, IOCase caseSensitivity) {
        this(new File(directoryName), fileFilter, caseSensitivity);
    }

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory.
     *
     * @param directory the directory to observe
     */
    public FileAlterationObserver(File directory) {
        this(directory, (FileFilter)null);
    }

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory and file filter.
     *
     * @param directory the directory to observe
     * @param fileFilter The file filter or null if none
     */
    public FileAlterationObserver(File directory, FileFilter fileFilter) {
        this(directory, fileFilter, (IOCase)null);
    }

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory, file filter and
     * file comparator.
     *
     * @param directory the directory to observe
     * @param fileFilter The file filter or null if none
     * @param caseSensitivity  what case sensitivity to use comparing file names, null means system sensitive
     */
    public FileAlterationObserver(File directory, FileFilter fileFilter, IOCase caseSensitivity) {
        this(new FileEntry(directory), fileFilter, caseSensitivity);
    }

    /**
     * Construct an observer for the specified directory, file filter and
     * file comparator.
     *
     * @param rootEntry the root directory to observe
     * @param fileFilter The file filter or null if none
     * @param caseSensitivity  what case sensitivity to use comparing file names, null means system sensitive
     */
    protected FileAlterationObserver(FileEntry rootEntry, FileFilter fileFilter, IOCase caseSensitivity) {
        if (rootEntry == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Root entry is missing");
        }
        if (rootEntry.getFile() == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Root directory is missing");
        }
        this.rootEntry = rootEntry;
        this.fileFilter = fileFilter;
        if (caseSensitivity == null || caseSensitivity.equals(IOCase.SYSTEM)) {
            this.comparator = NameFileComparator.NAME_SYSTEM_COMPARATOR;
        } else if (caseSensitivity.equals(IOCase.INSENSITIVE)) {
            this.comparator = NameFileComparator.NAME_INSENSITIVE_COMPARATOR;
        } else {
            this.comparator = NameFileComparator.NAME_COMPARATOR;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the directory being observed.
     *
     * @return the directory being observed
     */
    public File getDirectory() {
        return rootEntry.getFile();
    }

    /**
     * Add a file system listener.
     *
     * @param listener The file system listener
     */
    public void addListener(final FileAlterationListener listener) {
        if (listener != null) {
            listeners.add(listener);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove a file system listener.
     *
     * @param listener The file system listener
     */
    public void removeListener(final FileAlterationListener listener) {
        if (listener != null) {
            while (listeners.remove(listener)) {
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the set of registered file system listeners.
     *
     * @return The file system listeners
     */
    public Iterable<FileAlterationListener> getListeners() {
        return listeners;
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the observer.
     *
     * @throws Exception if an error occurs
     */
    public void initialize() throws Exception {
        rootEntry.refresh(rootEntry.getFile());
        File[] files = listFiles(rootEntry.getFile());
        FileEntry[] children = files.length > 0 ? new FileEntry[files.length] : FileEntry.EMPTY_ENTRIES;
        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
            children[i] = createFileEntry(rootEntry, files[i]);
        }
        rootEntry.setChildren(children);
    }

    /**
     * Final processing.
     *
     * @throws Exception if an error occurs
     */
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
    }

    /**
     * Check whether the file and its chlidren have been created, modified or deleted.
     */
    public void checkAndNotify() {

        /* fire onStart() */
        for (FileAlterationListener listener : listeners) {
            listener.onStart(this);
        }

        /* fire directory/file events */
        File rootFile = rootEntry.getFile();
        if (rootFile.exists()) {
            checkAndNotify(rootEntry, rootEntry.getChildren(), listFiles(rootFile));
        } else if (rootEntry.isExists()) {
            checkAndNotify(rootEntry, rootEntry.getChildren(), FileUtils.EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY);
        } else {
            // Didn't exist and still doesn't
        }

        /* fire onStop() */
        for (FileAlterationListener listener : listeners) {
            listener.onStop(this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Compare two file lists for files which have been created, modified or deleted.
     *
     * @param parent The parent entry
     * @param previous The original list of files
     * @param files  The current list of files
     */
    private void checkAndNotify(FileEntry parent, FileEntry[] previous, File[] files) {
        int c = 0;
        FileEntry[] current = files.length > 0 ? new FileEntry[files.length] : FileEntry.EMPTY_ENTRIES;
        for (FileEntry entry : previous) {
            while (c < files.length && comparator.compare(entry.getFile(), files[c]) > 0) {
                current[c] = createFileEntry(parent, files[c]);
                doCreate(current[c]);
                c++;
            }
            if (c < files.length && comparator.compare(entry.getFile(), files[c]) == 0) {
                doMatch(entry, files[c]);
                checkAndNotify(entry, entry.getChildren(), listFiles(files[c]));
                current[c] = entry;
                c++;
            } else {
                checkAndNotify(entry, entry.getChildren(), FileUtils.EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY);
                doDelete(entry);
            }
        }
        for (; c < files.length; c++) {
            current[c] = createFileEntry(parent, files[c]);
            doCreate(current[c]);
        }
        parent.setChildren(current);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new file entry for the specified file.
     *
     * @param parent The parent file entry
     * @param file The file to create an entry for
     * @return A new file entry
     */
    private FileEntry createFileEntry(FileEntry parent, File file) {
        FileEntry entry = parent.newChildInstance(file);
        entry.refresh(file);
        File[] files = listFiles(file);
        FileEntry[] children = files.length > 0 ? new FileEntry[files.length] : FileEntry.EMPTY_ENTRIES;
        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
            children[i] = createFileEntry(entry, files[i]);
        }
        entry.setChildren(children);
        return entry;
    }

    /**
     * Fire directory/file created events to the registered listeners.
     *
     * @param entry The file entry
     */
    private void doCreate(FileEntry entry) {
        for (FileAlterationListener listener : listeners) {
            if (entry.isDirectory()) {
                listener.onDirectoryCreate(entry.getFile());
            } else {
                listener.onFileCreate(entry.getFile());
            }
        }
        FileEntry[] children = entry.getChildren();
        for (FileEntry aChildren : children) {
            doCreate(aChildren);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fire directory/file change events to the registered listeners.
     *
     * @param entry The previous file system entry
     * @param file The current file
     */
    private void doMatch(FileEntry entry, File file) {
        if (entry.refresh(file)) {
            for (FileAlterationListener listener : listeners) {
                if (entry.isDirectory()) {
                    listener.onDirectoryChange(file);
                } else {
                    listener.onFileChange(file);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fire directory/file delete events to the registered listeners.
     *
     * @param entry The file entry
     */
    private void doDelete(FileEntry entry) {
        for (FileAlterationListener listener : listeners) {
            if (entry.isDirectory()) {
                listener.onDirectoryDelete(entry.getFile());
            } else {
                listener.onFileDelete(entry.getFile());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * List the contents of a directory
     *
     * @param file The file to list the contents of
     * @return the directory contents or a zero length array if
     * the empty or the file is not a directory
     */
    private File[] listFiles(File file) {
        File[] children = null;
        if (file.isDirectory()) {
            children = (fileFilter == null) ? file.listFiles() : file.listFiles(fileFilter);
        }
        if (children == null) {
            children = FileUtils.EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY;
        }
        if (comparator != null && children.length > 1) {
            Arrays.sort(children, comparator);
        }
        return children;
    }

    /**
     * Provide a String representation of this observer.
     *
     * @return a String representation of this observer
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        builder.append(getClass().getSimpleName());
        builder.append("[file='");
        builder.append(getDirectory().getPath());
        builder.append('\'');
        if (fileFilter != null) {
            builder.append(", ");
            builder.append(fileFilter.toString());
        }
        builder.append(", listeners=");
        builder.append(listeners.size());
        builder.append("]");
        return builder.toString();
    }

}

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