HSQLDB example source code file (Testdb.java)

This example HSQLDB source code file (Testdb.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" ^TM.

Java - HSQLDB tags/keywords

exception, insert, insert, integer, into, into, jdbc, resultset, sql, sqlexception, sqlexception, statement, testdb, testdb, values, where

The HSQLDB Testdb.java source code

/* Copyright (c) 2001-2008, The HSQL Development Group
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 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 * list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
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 * Neither the name of the HSQL Development Group nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 * software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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package org.hsqldb.sample;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcDataSource;

/**
 * Title:        Testdb
 * Description:  simple hello world db example of a
 *               standalone persistent db application
 *
 *               every time it runs it adds four more rows to sample_table
 *               it does a query and prints the results to standard out
 *
 * Author: Karl Meissner karl@meissnersd.com
 */
public class Testdb {

    Connection conn;                                                //our connnection to the db - presist for life of program

    // we dont want this garbage collected until we are done
    public Testdb(String db_file_name_prefix) throws Exception {    // note more general exception

        // connect to the database.   This will load the db files and start the
        // database if it is not alread running.
        // db_file_name_prefix is used to open or create files that hold the state
        // of the db.
        // It can contain directory names relative to the
        // current working directory
        jdbcDataSource dataSource = new jdbcDataSource();

        dataSource.setDatabase("jdbc:hsqldb:" + db_file_name_prefix);

        conn = dataSource.getConnection("sa", "");
    }

    public void shutdown() throws SQLException {

        Statement st = conn.createStatement();

        // db writes out to files and performs clean shuts down
        // otherwise there will be an unclean shutdown
        // when program ends
        st.execute("SHUTDOWN");
        conn.close();    // if there are no other open connection
    }

//use for SQL command SELECT
    public synchronized void query(String expression) throws SQLException {

        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        st = conn.createStatement();         // statement objects can be reused with

        // repeated calls to execute but we
        // choose to make a new one each time
        rs = st.executeQuery(expression);    // run the query

        // do something with the result set.
        dump(rs);
        st.close();    // NOTE!! if you close a statement the associated ResultSet is

        // closed too
        // so you should copy the contents to some other object.
        // the result set is invalidated also  if you recycle an Statement
        // and try to execute some other query before the result set has been
        // completely examined.
    }

//use for SQL commands CREATE, DROP, INSERT and UPDATE
    public synchronized void update(String expression) throws SQLException {

        Statement st = null;

        st = conn.createStatement();    // statements

        int i = st.executeUpdate(expression);    // run the query

        if (i == -1) {
            System.out.println("db error : " + expression);
        }

        st.close();
    }    // void update()

    public static void dump(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

        // the order of the rows in a cursor
        // are implementation dependent unless you use the SQL ORDER statement
        ResultSetMetaData meta   = rs.getMetaData();
        int               colmax = meta.getColumnCount();
        int               i;
        Object            o = null;

        // the result set is a cursor into the data.  You can only
        // point to one row at a time
        // assume we are pointing to BEFORE the first row
        // rs.next() points to next row and returns true
        // or false if there is no next row, which breaks the loop
        for (; rs.next(); ) {
            for (i = 0; i < colmax; ++i) {
                o = rs.getObject(i + 1);    // Is SQL the first column is indexed

                // with 1 not 0
                System.out.print(o.toString() + " ");
            }

            System.out.println(" ");
        }
    }                                       //void dump( ResultSet rs )

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Testdb db = null;

        try {
            db = new Testdb("db_file");
        } catch (Exception ex1) {
            ex1.printStackTrace();    // could not start db

            return;                   // bye bye
        }

        try {

            //make an empty table
            //
            // by declaring the id column IDENTITY, the db will automatically
            // generate unique values for new rows- useful for row keys
            db.update(
                "CREATE TABLE sample_table ( id INTEGER IDENTITY, str_col VARCHAR(256), num_col INTEGER)");
        } catch (SQLException ex2) {

            //ignore
            //ex2.printStackTrace();  // second time we run program
            //  should throw execption since table
            // already there
            //
            // this will have no effect on the db
        }

        try {

            // add some rows - will create duplicates if run more then once
            // the id column is automatically generated
            db.update(
                "INSERT INTO sample_table(str_col,num_col) VALUES('Ford', 100)");
            db.update(
                "INSERT INTO sample_table(str_col,num_col) VALUES('Toyota', 200)");
            db.update(
                "INSERT INTO sample_table(str_col,num_col) VALUES('Honda', 300)");
            db.update(
                "INSERT INTO sample_table(str_col,num_col) VALUES('GM', 400)");

            // do a query
            db.query("SELECT * FROM sample_table WHERE num_col < 250");

            // at end of program
            db.shutdown();
        } catch (SQLException ex3) {
            ex3.printStackTrace();
        }
    }    // main()
}    // class Testdb