Java example source code file (Base64.java)

This example Java source code file (Base64.java) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" ^TM.

Learn more about this Java project at its project page.

Java - Java tags/keywords

base64, baselength, check, eightbit, fourbyte, lookuplength, one, pad, sign, sixbit, sixteenbit, string, twentyfourbitgroup, two

The Base64.java Java example source code

/*
 * reserved comment block
 * DO NOT REMOVE OR ALTER!
 */
/*
 * Copyright 1999-2002,2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dv.util;

/**
 * This class provides encode/decode for RFC 2045 Base64 as
 * defined by RFC 2045, N. Freed and N. Borenstein.
 * RFC 2045: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
 * Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies. Reference
 * 1996 Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
 * This class is used by XML Schema binary format validation
 *
 * This implementation does not encode/decode streaming
 * data. You need the data that you will encode/decode
 * already on a byte arrray.
 *
 * @xerces.internal
 *
 * @author Jeffrey Rodriguez
 * @author Sandy Gao
 */
public final class  Base64 {

    static private final int  BASELENGTH         = 128;
    static private final int  LOOKUPLENGTH       = 64;
    static private final int  TWENTYFOURBITGROUP = 24;
    static private final int  EIGHTBIT           = 8;
    static private final int  SIXTEENBIT         = 16;
    static private final int  SIXBIT             = 6;
    static private final int  FOURBYTE           = 4;
    static private final int  SIGN               = -128;
    static private final char PAD                = '=';
    static private final boolean fDebug          = false;
    static final private byte [] base64Alphabet        = new byte[BASELENGTH];
    static final private char [] lookUpBase64Alphabet  = new char[LOOKUPLENGTH];

    static {

        for (int i = 0; i < BASELENGTH; ++i) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = -1;
        }
        for (int i = 'Z'; i >= 'A'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i-'A');
        }
        for (int i = 'z'; i>= 'a'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ( i-'a' + 26);
        }

        for (int i = '9'; i >= '0'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i-'0' + 52);
        }

        base64Alphabet['+']  = 62;
        base64Alphabet['/']  = 63;

        for (int i = 0; i<=25; i++)
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char)('A'+i);

        for (int i = 26,  j = 0; i<=51; i++, j++)
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char)('a'+ j);

        for (int i = 52,  j = 0; i<=61; i++, j++)
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char)('0' + j);
        lookUpBase64Alphabet[62] = (char)'+';
        lookUpBase64Alphabet[63] = (char)'/';

    }

    protected static boolean isWhiteSpace(char octect) {
        return (octect == 0x20 || octect == 0xd || octect == 0xa || octect == 0x9);
    }

    protected static boolean isPad(char octect) {
        return (octect == PAD);
    }

    protected static boolean isData(char octect) {
        return (octect < BASELENGTH && base64Alphabet[octect] != -1);
    }

    protected static boolean isBase64(char octect) {
        return (isWhiteSpace(octect) || isPad(octect) || isData(octect));
    }

    /**
     * Encodes hex octects into Base64
     *
     * @param binaryData Array containing binaryData
     * @return Encoded Base64 array
     */
    public static String encode(byte[] binaryData) {

        if (binaryData == null)
            return null;

        int      lengthDataBits    = binaryData.length*EIGHTBIT;
        if (lengthDataBits == 0) {
            return "";
        }

        int      fewerThan24bits   = lengthDataBits%TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
        int      numberTriplets    = lengthDataBits/TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
        int      numberQuartet     = fewerThan24bits != 0 ? numberTriplets+1 : numberTriplets;
        char     encodedData[]     = null;

        encodedData = new char[numberQuartet*4];

        byte k=0, l=0, b1=0,b2=0,b3=0;

        int encodedIndex = 0;
        int dataIndex   = 0;
        if (fDebug) {
            System.out.println("number of triplets = " + numberTriplets );
        }

        for (int i=0; i<numberTriplets; i++) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex++];
            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex++];
            b3 = binaryData[dataIndex++];

            if (fDebug) {
                System.out.println( "b1= " + b1 +", b2= " + b2 + ", b3= " + b3 );
            }

            l  = (byte)(b2 & 0x0f);
            k  = (byte)(b1 & 0x03);

            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b1>>2):(byte)((b1)>>2^0xc0);

            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b2>>4):(byte)((b2)>>4^0xf0);
            byte val3 = ((b3 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b3>>6):(byte)((b3)>>6^0xfc);

            if (fDebug) {
                System.out.println( "val2 = " + val2 );
                System.out.println( "k4   = " + (k<<4));
                System.out.println( "vak  = " + (val2 | (k<<4)));
            }

            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val1 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val2 | ( k<<4 )];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ (l <<2 ) | val3 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ b3 & 0x3f ];
        }

        // form integral number of 6-bit groups
        if (fewerThan24bits == EIGHTBIT) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            k = (byte) ( b1 &0x03 );
            if (fDebug) {
                System.out.println("b1=" + b1);
                System.out.println("b1<<2 = " + (b1>>2) );
            }
            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b1>>2):(byte)((b1)>>2^0xc0);
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val1 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ k<<4 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD;
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD;
        } else if (fewerThan24bits == SIXTEENBIT) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex +1 ];
            l = ( byte ) ( b2 &0x0f );
            k = ( byte ) ( b1 &0x03 );

            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b1>>2):(byte)((b1)>>2^0xc0);
            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN)==0)?(byte)(b2>>4):(byte)((b2)>>4^0xf0);

            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val1 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ val2 | ( k<<4 )];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[ l<<2 ];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD;
        }

        return new String(encodedData);
    }

    /**
     * Decodes Base64 data into octects
     *
     * @param encoded string containing Base64 data
     * @return Array containind decoded data.
     */
    public static byte[] decode(String encoded) {

        if (encoded == null)
            return null;

        char[] base64Data = encoded.toCharArray();
        // remove white spaces
        int len = removeWhiteSpace(base64Data);

        if (len%FOURBYTE != 0) {
            return null;//should be divisible by four
        }

        int      numberQuadruple    = (len/FOURBYTE );

        if (numberQuadruple == 0)
            return new byte[0];

        byte     decodedData[]      = null;
        byte     b1=0,b2=0,b3=0,b4=0;
        char     d1=0,d2=0,d3=0,d4=0;

        int i = 0;
        int encodedIndex = 0;
        int dataIndex    = 0;
        decodedData      = new byte[ (numberQuadruple)*3];

        for (; i<numberQuadruple-1; i++) {

            if (!isData( (d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )||
                !isData( (d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )||
                !isData( (d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )||
                !isData( (d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) ))
                return null;//if found "no data" just return null

            b1 = base64Alphabet[d1];
            b2 = base64Alphabet[d2];
            b3 = base64Alphabet[d3];
            b4 = base64Alphabet[d4];

            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 ) ;
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(((b2 & 0xf)<<4 ) |( (b3>>2) & 0xf) );
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)( b3<<6 | b4 );
        }

        if (!isData( (d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) ) ||
            !isData( (d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]) )) {
            return null;//if found "no data" just return null
        }

        b1 = base64Alphabet[d1];
        b2 = base64Alphabet[d2];

        d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++];
        d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++];
        if (!isData( (d3 ) ) ||
            !isData( (d4 ) )) {//Check if they are PAD characters
            if (isPad( d3 ) && isPad( d4)) {               //Two PAD e.g. 3c[Pad][Pad]
                if ((b2 & 0xf) != 0)//last 4 bits should be zero
                    return null;
                byte[] tmp = new byte[ i*3 + 1 ];
                System.arraycopy( decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i*3 );
                tmp[encodedIndex]   = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 ) ;
                return tmp;
            } else if (!isPad( d3) && isPad(d4)) {               //One PAD  e.g. 3cQ[Pad]
                b3 = base64Alphabet[ d3 ];
                if ((b3 & 0x3 ) != 0)//last 2 bits should be zero
                    return null;
                byte[] tmp = new byte[ i*3 + 2 ];
                System.arraycopy( decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i*3 );
                tmp[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 );
                tmp[encodedIndex]   = (byte)(((b2 & 0xf)<<4 ) |( (b3>>2) & 0xf) );
                return tmp;
            } else {
                return null;//an error  like "3c[Pad]r", "3cdX", "3cXd", "3cXX" where X is non data
            }
        } else { //No PAD e.g 3cQl
            b3 = base64Alphabet[ d3 ];
            b4 = base64Alphabet[ d4 ];
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(  b1 <<2 | b2>>4 ) ;
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)(((b2 & 0xf)<<4 ) |( (b3>>2) & 0xf) );
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte)( b3<<6 | b4 );

        }

        return decodedData;
    }

    /**
     * remove WhiteSpace from MIME containing encoded Base64 data.
     *
     * @param data  the byte array of base64 data (with WS)
     * @return      the new length
     */
    protected static int removeWhiteSpace(char[] data) {
        if (data == null)
            return 0;

        // count characters that's not whitespace
        int newSize = 0;
        int len = data.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (!isWhiteSpace(data[i]))
                data[newSize++] = data[i];
        }
        return newSize;
    }
}