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Java example source code file (biasedLocking.cpp)

This example Java source code file (biasedLocking.cpp) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

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Java - Java tags/keywords

biasedlocking\:\:condition, growablearray, heuristicsresult, hr_bulk_rebias, hr_single_revoke, intptr_format, javathread, klass, null, resourcemark, tracebiasedlocking, verbose, vm_enablebiasedlocking, vm_revokebias

The biasedLocking.cpp Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/markOop.hpp"
#include "runtime/basicLock.hpp"
#include "runtime/biasedLocking.hpp"
#include "runtime/task.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
#include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
#include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"

static bool _biased_locking_enabled = false;
BiasedLockingCounters BiasedLocking::_counters;

static GrowableArray<Handle>*  _preserved_oop_stack  = NULL;
static GrowableArray<markOop>* _preserved_mark_stack = NULL;

static void enable_biased_locking(Klass* k) {
  k->set_prototype_header(markOopDesc::biased_locking_prototype());
}

class VM_EnableBiasedLocking: public VM_Operation {
 private:
  bool _is_cheap_allocated;
 public:
  VM_EnableBiasedLocking(bool is_cheap_allocated) { _is_cheap_allocated = is_cheap_allocated; }
  VMOp_Type type() const          { return VMOp_EnableBiasedLocking; }
  Mode evaluation_mode() const    { return _is_cheap_allocated ? _async_safepoint : _safepoint; }
  bool is_cheap_allocated() const { return _is_cheap_allocated; }

  void doit() {
    // Iterate the system dictionary enabling biased locking for all
    // currently loaded classes
    SystemDictionary::classes_do(enable_biased_locking);
    // Indicate that future instances should enable it as well
    _biased_locking_enabled = true;

    if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
      tty->print_cr("Biased locking enabled");
    }
  }

  bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const        { return false; }
};


// One-shot PeriodicTask subclass for enabling biased locking
class EnableBiasedLockingTask : public PeriodicTask {
 public:
  EnableBiasedLockingTask(size_t interval_time) : PeriodicTask(interval_time) {}

  virtual void task() {
    // Use async VM operation to avoid blocking the Watcher thread.
    // VM Thread will free C heap storage.
    VM_EnableBiasedLocking *op = new VM_EnableBiasedLocking(true);
    VMThread::execute(op);

    // Reclaim our storage and disenroll ourself
    delete this;
  }
};


void BiasedLocking::init() {
  // If biased locking is enabled, schedule a task to fire a few
  // seconds into the run which turns on biased locking for all
  // currently loaded classes as well as future ones. This is a
  // workaround for startup time regressions due to a large number of
  // safepoints being taken during VM startup for bias revocation.
  // Ideally we would have a lower cost for individual bias revocation
  // and not need a mechanism like this.
  if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    if (BiasedLockingStartupDelay > 0) {
      EnableBiasedLockingTask* task = new EnableBiasedLockingTask(BiasedLockingStartupDelay);
      task->enroll();
    } else {
      VM_EnableBiasedLocking op(false);
      VMThread::execute(&op);
    }
  }
}


bool BiasedLocking::enabled() {
  return _biased_locking_enabled;
}

// Returns MonitorInfos for all objects locked on this thread in youngest to oldest order
static GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* get_or_compute_monitor_info(JavaThread* thread) {
  GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* info = thread->cached_monitor_info();
  if (info != NULL) {
    return info;
  }

  info = new GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>();

  // It's possible for the thread to not have any Java frames on it,
  // i.e., if it's the main thread and it's already returned from main()
  if (thread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
    RegisterMap rm(thread);
    for (javaVFrame* vf = thread->last_java_vframe(&rm); vf != NULL; vf = vf->java_sender()) {
      GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*> *monitors = vf->monitors();
      if (monitors != NULL) {
        int len = monitors->length();
        // Walk monitors youngest to oldest
        for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
          MonitorInfo* mon_info = monitors->at(i);
          if (mon_info->owner_is_scalar_replaced()) continue;
          oop owner = mon_info->owner();
          if (owner != NULL) {
            info->append(mon_info);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  thread->set_cached_monitor_info(info);
  return info;
}


static BiasedLocking::Condition revoke_bias(oop obj, bool allow_rebias, bool is_bulk, JavaThread* requesting_thread) {
  markOop mark = obj->mark();
  if (!mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
    if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      tty->print_cr("  (Skipping revocation of object of type %s because it's no longer biased)",
                    obj->klass()->external_name());
    }
    return BiasedLocking::NOT_BIASED;
  }

  uint age = mark->age();
  markOop   biased_prototype = markOopDesc::biased_locking_prototype()->set_age(age);
  markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(age);

  if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
    ResourceMark rm;
    tty->print_cr("Revoking bias of object " INTPTR_FORMAT " , mark " INTPTR_FORMAT " , type %s , prototype header " INTPTR_FORMAT " , allow rebias %d , requesting thread " INTPTR_FORMAT,
                  (void *)obj, (intptr_t) mark, obj->klass()->external_name(), (intptr_t) obj->klass()->prototype_header(), (allow_rebias ? 1 : 0), (intptr_t) requesting_thread);
  }

  JavaThread* biased_thread = mark->biased_locker();
  if (biased_thread == NULL) {
    // Object is anonymously biased. We can get here if, for
    // example, we revoke the bias due to an identity hash code
    // being computed for an object.
    if (!allow_rebias) {
      obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
    }
    if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
      tty->print_cr("  Revoked bias of anonymously-biased object");
    }
    return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
  }

  // Handle case where the thread toward which the object was biased has exited
  bool thread_is_alive = false;
  if (requesting_thread == biased_thread) {
    thread_is_alive = true;
  } else {
    for (JavaThread* cur_thread = Threads::first(); cur_thread != NULL; cur_thread = cur_thread->next()) {
      if (cur_thread == biased_thread) {
        thread_is_alive = true;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if (!thread_is_alive) {
    if (allow_rebias) {
      obj->set_mark(biased_prototype);
    } else {
      obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
    }
    if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
      tty->print_cr("  Revoked bias of object biased toward dead thread");
    }
    return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
  }

  // Thread owning bias is alive.
  // Check to see whether it currently owns the lock and, if so,
  // write down the needed displaced headers to the thread's stack.
  // Otherwise, restore the object's header either to the unlocked
  // or unbiased state.
  GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* cached_monitor_info = get_or_compute_monitor_info(biased_thread);
  BasicLock* highest_lock = NULL;
  for (int i = 0; i < cached_monitor_info->length(); i++) {
    MonitorInfo* mon_info = cached_monitor_info->at(i);
    if (mon_info->owner() == obj) {
      if (TraceBiasedLocking && Verbose) {
        tty->print_cr("   mon_info->owner (" PTR_FORMAT ") == obj (" PTR_FORMAT ")",
                      (void *) mon_info->owner(),
                      (void *) obj);
      }
      // Assume recursive case and fix up highest lock later
      markOop mark = markOopDesc::encode((BasicLock*) NULL);
      highest_lock = mon_info->lock();
      highest_lock->set_displaced_header(mark);
    } else {
      if (TraceBiasedLocking && Verbose) {
        tty->print_cr("   mon_info->owner (" PTR_FORMAT ") != obj (" PTR_FORMAT ")",
                      (void *) mon_info->owner(),
                      (void *) obj);
      }
    }
  }
  if (highest_lock != NULL) {
    // Fix up highest lock to contain displaced header and point
    // object at it
    highest_lock->set_displaced_header(unbiased_prototype);
    // Reset object header to point to displaced mark
    obj->set_mark(markOopDesc::encode(highest_lock));
    assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "illegal mark state: stack lock used bias bit");
    if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
      tty->print_cr("  Revoked bias of currently-locked object");
    }
  } else {
    if (TraceBiasedLocking && (Verbose || !is_bulk)) {
      tty->print_cr("  Revoked bias of currently-unlocked object");
    }
    if (allow_rebias) {
      obj->set_mark(biased_prototype);
    } else {
      // Store the unlocked value into the object's header.
      obj->set_mark(unbiased_prototype);
    }
  }

  return BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;
}


enum HeuristicsResult {
  HR_NOT_BIASED    = 1,
  HR_SINGLE_REVOKE = 2,
  HR_BULK_REBIAS   = 3,
  HR_BULK_REVOKE   = 4
};


static HeuristicsResult update_heuristics(oop o, bool allow_rebias) {
  markOop mark = o->mark();
  if (!mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
    return HR_NOT_BIASED;
  }

  // Heuristics to attempt to throttle the number of revocations.
  // Stages:
  // 1. Revoke the biases of all objects in the heap of this type,
  //    but allow rebiasing of those objects if unlocked.
  // 2. Revoke the biases of all objects in the heap of this type
  //    and don't allow rebiasing of these objects. Disable
  //    allocation of objects of that type with the bias bit set.
  Klass* k = o->klass();
  jlong cur_time = os::javaTimeMillis();
  jlong last_bulk_revocation_time = k->last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time();
  int revocation_count = k->biased_lock_revocation_count();
  if ((revocation_count >= BiasedLockingBulkRebiasThreshold) &&
      (revocation_count <  BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold) &&
      (last_bulk_revocation_time != 0) &&
      (cur_time - last_bulk_revocation_time >= BiasedLockingDecayTime)) {
    // This is the first revocation we've seen in a while of an
    // object of this type since the last time we performed a bulk
    // rebiasing operation. The application is allocating objects in
    // bulk which are biased toward a thread and then handing them
    // off to another thread. We can cope with this allocation
    // pattern via the bulk rebiasing mechanism so we reset the
    // klass's revocation count rather than allow it to increase
    // monotonically. If we see the need to perform another bulk
    // rebias operation later, we will, and if subsequently we see
    // many more revocation operations in a short period of time we
    // will completely disable biasing for this type.
    k->set_biased_lock_revocation_count(0);
    revocation_count = 0;
  }

  // Make revocation count saturate just beyond BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold
  if (revocation_count <= BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold) {
    revocation_count = k->atomic_incr_biased_lock_revocation_count();
  }

  if (revocation_count == BiasedLockingBulkRevokeThreshold) {
    return HR_BULK_REVOKE;
  }

  if (revocation_count == BiasedLockingBulkRebiasThreshold) {
    return HR_BULK_REBIAS;
  }

  return HR_SINGLE_REVOKE;
}


static BiasedLocking::Condition bulk_revoke_or_rebias_at_safepoint(oop o,
                                                                   bool bulk_rebias,
                                                                   bool attempt_rebias_of_object,
                                                                   JavaThread* requesting_thread) {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be done at safepoint");

  if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
    tty->print_cr("* Beginning bulk revocation (kind == %s) because of object "
                  INTPTR_FORMAT " , mark " INTPTR_FORMAT " , type %s",
                  (bulk_rebias ? "rebias" : "revoke"),
                  (void *) o, (intptr_t) o->mark(), o->klass()->external_name());
  }

  jlong cur_time = os::javaTimeMillis();
  o->klass()->set_last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time(cur_time);


  Klass* k_o = o->klass();
  Klass* klass = k_o;

  if (bulk_rebias) {
    // Use the epoch in the klass of the object to implicitly revoke
    // all biases of objects of this data type and force them to be
    // reacquired. However, we also need to walk the stacks of all
    // threads and update the headers of lightweight locked objects
    // with biases to have the current epoch.

    // If the prototype header doesn't have the bias pattern, don't
    // try to update the epoch -- assume another VM operation came in
    // and reset the header to the unbiased state, which will
    // implicitly cause all existing biases to be revoked
    if (klass->prototype_header()->has_bias_pattern()) {
      int prev_epoch = klass->prototype_header()->bias_epoch();
      klass->set_prototype_header(klass->prototype_header()->incr_bias_epoch());
      int cur_epoch = klass->prototype_header()->bias_epoch();

      // Now walk all threads' stacks and adjust epochs of any biased
      // and locked objects of this data type we encounter
      for (JavaThread* thr = Threads::first(); thr != NULL; thr = thr->next()) {
        GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* cached_monitor_info = get_or_compute_monitor_info(thr);
        for (int i = 0; i < cached_monitor_info->length(); i++) {
          MonitorInfo* mon_info = cached_monitor_info->at(i);
          oop owner = mon_info->owner();
          markOop mark = owner->mark();
          if ((owner->klass() == k_o) && mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
            // We might have encountered this object already in the case of recursive locking
            assert(mark->bias_epoch() == prev_epoch || mark->bias_epoch() == cur_epoch, "error in bias epoch adjustment");
            owner->set_mark(mark->set_bias_epoch(cur_epoch));
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // At this point we're done. All we have to do is potentially
    // adjust the header of the given object to revoke its bias.
    revoke_bias(o, attempt_rebias_of_object && klass->prototype_header()->has_bias_pattern(), true, requesting_thread);
  } else {
    if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
      ResourceMark rm;
      tty->print_cr("* Disabling biased locking for type %s", klass->external_name());
    }

    // Disable biased locking for this data type. Not only will this
    // cause future instances to not be biased, but existing biased
    // instances will notice that this implicitly caused their biases
    // to be revoked.
    klass->set_prototype_header(markOopDesc::prototype());

    // Now walk all threads' stacks and forcibly revoke the biases of
    // any locked and biased objects of this data type we encounter.
    for (JavaThread* thr = Threads::first(); thr != NULL; thr = thr->next()) {
      GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*>* cached_monitor_info = get_or_compute_monitor_info(thr);
      for (int i = 0; i < cached_monitor_info->length(); i++) {
        MonitorInfo* mon_info = cached_monitor_info->at(i);
        oop owner = mon_info->owner();
        markOop mark = owner->mark();
        if ((owner->klass() == k_o) && mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
          revoke_bias(owner, false, true, requesting_thread);
        }
      }
    }

    // Must force the bias of the passed object to be forcibly revoked
    // as well to ensure guarantees to callers
    revoke_bias(o, false, true, requesting_thread);
  }

  if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
    tty->print_cr("* Ending bulk revocation");
  }

  BiasedLocking::Condition status_code = BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED;

  if (attempt_rebias_of_object &&
      o->mark()->has_bias_pattern() &&
      klass->prototype_header()->has_bias_pattern()) {
    markOop new_mark = markOopDesc::encode(requesting_thread, o->mark()->age(),
                                           klass->prototype_header()->bias_epoch());
    o->set_mark(new_mark);
    status_code = BiasedLocking::BIAS_REVOKED_AND_REBIASED;
    if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
      tty->print_cr("  Rebiased object toward thread " INTPTR_FORMAT, (intptr_t) requesting_thread);
    }
  }

  assert(!o->mark()->has_bias_pattern() ||
         (attempt_rebias_of_object && (o->mark()->biased_locker() == requesting_thread)),
         "bug in bulk bias revocation");

  return status_code;
}


static void clean_up_cached_monitor_info() {
  // Walk the thread list clearing out the cached monitors
  for (JavaThread* thr = Threads::first(); thr != NULL; thr = thr->next()) {
    thr->set_cached_monitor_info(NULL);
  }
}


class VM_RevokeBias : public VM_Operation {
protected:
  Handle* _obj;
  GrowableArray<Handle>* _objs;
  JavaThread* _requesting_thread;
  BiasedLocking::Condition _status_code;

public:
  VM_RevokeBias(Handle* obj, JavaThread* requesting_thread)
    : _obj(obj)
    , _objs(NULL)
    , _requesting_thread(requesting_thread)
    , _status_code(BiasedLocking::NOT_BIASED) {}

  VM_RevokeBias(GrowableArray<Handle>* objs, JavaThread* requesting_thread)
    : _obj(NULL)
    , _objs(objs)
    , _requesting_thread(requesting_thread)
    , _status_code(BiasedLocking::NOT_BIASED) {}

  virtual VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_RevokeBias; }

  virtual bool doit_prologue() {
    // Verify that there is actual work to do since the callers just
    // give us locked object(s). If we don't find any biased objects
    // there is nothing to do and we avoid a safepoint.
    if (_obj != NULL) {
      markOop mark = (*_obj)()->mark();
      if (mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      for ( int i = 0 ; i < _objs->length(); i++ ) {
        markOop mark = (_objs->at(i))()->mark();
        if (mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  virtual void doit() {
    if (_obj != NULL) {
      if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
        tty->print_cr("Revoking bias with potentially per-thread safepoint:");
      }
      _status_code = revoke_bias((*_obj)(), false, false, _requesting_thread);
      clean_up_cached_monitor_info();
      return;
    } else {
      if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
        tty->print_cr("Revoking bias with global safepoint:");
      }
      BiasedLocking::revoke_at_safepoint(_objs);
    }
  }

  BiasedLocking::Condition status_code() const {
    return _status_code;
  }
};


class VM_BulkRevokeBias : public VM_RevokeBias {
private:
  bool _bulk_rebias;
  bool _attempt_rebias_of_object;

public:
  VM_BulkRevokeBias(Handle* obj, JavaThread* requesting_thread,
                    bool bulk_rebias,
                    bool attempt_rebias_of_object)
    : VM_RevokeBias(obj, requesting_thread)
    , _bulk_rebias(bulk_rebias)
    , _attempt_rebias_of_object(attempt_rebias_of_object) {}

  virtual VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_BulkRevokeBias; }
  virtual bool doit_prologue()   { return true; }

  virtual void doit() {
    _status_code = bulk_revoke_or_rebias_at_safepoint((*_obj)(), _bulk_rebias, _attempt_rebias_of_object, _requesting_thread);
    clean_up_cached_monitor_info();
  }
};


BiasedLocking::Condition BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(Handle obj, bool attempt_rebias, TRAPS) {
  assert(!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must not be called while at safepoint");

  // We can revoke the biases of anonymously-biased objects
  // efficiently enough that we should not cause these revocations to
  // update the heuristics because doing so may cause unwanted bulk
  // revocations (which are expensive) to occur.
  markOop mark = obj->mark();
  if (mark->is_biased_anonymously() && !attempt_rebias) {
    // We are probably trying to revoke the bias of this object due to
    // an identity hash code computation. Try to revoke the bias
    // without a safepoint. This is possible if we can successfully
    // compare-and-exchange an unbiased header into the mark word of
    // the object, meaning that no other thread has raced to acquire
    // the bias of the object.
    markOop biased_value       = mark;
    markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());
    markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(unbiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
    if (res_mark == biased_value) {
      return BIAS_REVOKED;
    }
  } else if (mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
    Klass* k = obj->klass();
    markOop prototype_header = k->prototype_header();
    if (!prototype_header->has_bias_pattern()) {
      // This object has a stale bias from before the bulk revocation
      // for this data type occurred. It's pointless to update the
      // heuristics at this point so simply update the header with a
      // CAS. If we fail this race, the object's bias has been revoked
      // by another thread so we simply return and let the caller deal
      // with it.
      markOop biased_value       = mark;
      markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(prototype_header, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
      assert(!(*(obj->mark_addr()))->has_bias_pattern(), "even if we raced, should still be revoked");
      return BIAS_REVOKED;
    } else if (prototype_header->bias_epoch() != mark->bias_epoch()) {
      // The epoch of this biasing has expired indicating that the
      // object is effectively unbiased. Depending on whether we need
      // to rebias or revoke the bias of this object we can do it
      // efficiently enough with a CAS that we shouldn't update the
      // heuristics. This is normally done in the assembly code but we
      // can reach this point due to various points in the runtime
      // needing to revoke biases.
      if (attempt_rebias) {
        assert(THREAD->is_Java_thread(), "");
        markOop biased_value       = mark;
        markOop rebiased_prototype = markOopDesc::encode((JavaThread*) THREAD, mark->age(), prototype_header->bias_epoch());
        markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(rebiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
        if (res_mark == biased_value) {
          return BIAS_REVOKED_AND_REBIASED;
        }
      } else {
        markOop biased_value       = mark;
        markOop unbiased_prototype = markOopDesc::prototype()->set_age(mark->age());
        markOop res_mark = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(unbiased_prototype, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
        if (res_mark == biased_value) {
          return BIAS_REVOKED;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  HeuristicsResult heuristics = update_heuristics(obj(), attempt_rebias);
  if (heuristics == HR_NOT_BIASED) {
    return NOT_BIASED;
  } else if (heuristics == HR_SINGLE_REVOKE) {
    Klass *k = obj->klass();
    markOop prototype_header = k->prototype_header();
    if (mark->biased_locker() == THREAD &&
        prototype_header->bias_epoch() == mark->bias_epoch()) {
      // A thread is trying to revoke the bias of an object biased
      // toward it, again likely due to an identity hash code
      // computation. We can again avoid a safepoint in this case
      // since we are only going to walk our own stack. There are no
      // races with revocations occurring in other threads because we
      // reach no safepoints in the revocation path.
      // Also check the epoch because even if threads match, another thread
      // can come in with a CAS to steal the bias of an object that has a
      // stale epoch.
      ResourceMark rm;
      if (TraceBiasedLocking) {
        tty->print_cr("Revoking bias by walking my own stack:");
      }
      BiasedLocking::Condition cond = revoke_bias(obj(), false, false, (JavaThread*) THREAD);
      ((JavaThread*) THREAD)->set_cached_monitor_info(NULL);
      assert(cond == BIAS_REVOKED, "why not?");
      return cond;
    } else {
      VM_RevokeBias revoke(&obj, (JavaThread*) THREAD);
      VMThread::execute(&revoke);
      return revoke.status_code();
    }
  }

  assert((heuristics == HR_BULK_REVOKE) ||
         (heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS), "?");
  VM_BulkRevokeBias bulk_revoke(&obj, (JavaThread*) THREAD,
                                (heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS),
                                attempt_rebias);
  VMThread::execute(&bulk_revoke);
  return bulk_revoke.status_code();
}


void BiasedLocking::revoke(GrowableArray<Handle>* objs) {
  assert(!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must not be called while at safepoint");
  if (objs->length() == 0) {
    return;
  }
  VM_RevokeBias revoke(objs, JavaThread::current());
  VMThread::execute(&revoke);
}


void BiasedLocking::revoke_at_safepoint(Handle h_obj) {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must only be called while at safepoint");
  oop obj = h_obj();
  HeuristicsResult heuristics = update_heuristics(obj, false);
  if (heuristics == HR_SINGLE_REVOKE) {
    revoke_bias(obj, false, false, NULL);
  } else if ((heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS) ||
             (heuristics == HR_BULK_REVOKE)) {
    bulk_revoke_or_rebias_at_safepoint(obj, (heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS), false, NULL);
  }
  clean_up_cached_monitor_info();
}


void BiasedLocking::revoke_at_safepoint(GrowableArray<Handle>* objs) {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must only be called while at safepoint");
  int len = objs->length();
  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    oop obj = (objs->at(i))();
    HeuristicsResult heuristics = update_heuristics(obj, false);
    if (heuristics == HR_SINGLE_REVOKE) {
      revoke_bias(obj, false, false, NULL);
    } else if ((heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS) ||
               (heuristics == HR_BULK_REVOKE)) {
      bulk_revoke_or_rebias_at_safepoint(obj, (heuristics == HR_BULK_REBIAS), false, NULL);
    }
  }
  clean_up_cached_monitor_info();
}


void BiasedLocking::preserve_marks() {
  if (!UseBiasedLocking)
    return;

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must only be called while at safepoint");

  assert(_preserved_oop_stack  == NULL, "double initialization");
  assert(_preserved_mark_stack == NULL, "double initialization");

  // In order to reduce the number of mark words preserved during GC
  // due to the presence of biased locking, we reinitialize most mark
  // words to the class's prototype during GC -- even those which have
  // a currently valid bias owner. One important situation where we
  // must not clobber a bias is when a biased object is currently
  // locked. To handle this case we iterate over the currently-locked
  // monitors in a prepass and, if they are biased, preserve their
  // mark words here. This should be a relatively small set of objects
  // especially compared to the number of objects in the heap.
  _preserved_mark_stack = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtInternal) GrowableArray<markOop>(10, true);
  _preserved_oop_stack = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtInternal) GrowableArray<Handle>(10, true);

  ResourceMark rm;
  Thread* cur = Thread::current();
  for (JavaThread* thread = Threads::first(); thread != NULL; thread = thread->next()) {
    if (thread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
      RegisterMap rm(thread);
      for (javaVFrame* vf = thread->last_java_vframe(&rm); vf != NULL; vf = vf->java_sender()) {
        GrowableArray<MonitorInfo*> *monitors = vf->monitors();
        if (monitors != NULL) {
          int len = monitors->length();
          // Walk monitors youngest to oldest
          for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            MonitorInfo* mon_info = monitors->at(i);
            if (mon_info->owner_is_scalar_replaced()) continue;
            oop owner = mon_info->owner();
            if (owner != NULL) {
              markOop mark = owner->mark();
              if (mark->has_bias_pattern()) {
                _preserved_oop_stack->push(Handle(cur, owner));
                _preserved_mark_stack->push(mark);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


void BiasedLocking::restore_marks() {
  if (!UseBiasedLocking)
    return;

  assert(_preserved_oop_stack  != NULL, "double free");
  assert(_preserved_mark_stack != NULL, "double free");

  int len = _preserved_oop_stack->length();
  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    Handle owner = _preserved_oop_stack->at(i);
    markOop mark = _preserved_mark_stack->at(i);
    owner->set_mark(mark);
  }

  delete _preserved_oop_stack;
  _preserved_oop_stack = NULL;
  delete _preserved_mark_stack;
  _preserved_mark_stack = NULL;
}


int* BiasedLocking::total_entry_count_addr()                   { return _counters.total_entry_count_addr(); }
int* BiasedLocking::biased_lock_entry_count_addr()             { return _counters.biased_lock_entry_count_addr(); }
int* BiasedLocking::anonymously_biased_lock_entry_count_addr() { return _counters.anonymously_biased_lock_entry_count_addr(); }
int* BiasedLocking::rebiased_lock_entry_count_addr()           { return _counters.rebiased_lock_entry_count_addr(); }
int* BiasedLocking::revoked_lock_entry_count_addr()            { return _counters.revoked_lock_entry_count_addr(); }
int* BiasedLocking::fast_path_entry_count_addr()               { return _counters.fast_path_entry_count_addr(); }
int* BiasedLocking::slow_path_entry_count_addr()               { return _counters.slow_path_entry_count_addr(); }


// BiasedLockingCounters

int BiasedLockingCounters::slow_path_entry_count() {
  if (_slow_path_entry_count != 0) {
    return _slow_path_entry_count;
  }
  int sum = _biased_lock_entry_count   + _anonymously_biased_lock_entry_count +
            _rebiased_lock_entry_count + _revoked_lock_entry_count +
            _fast_path_entry_count;

  return _total_entry_count - sum;
}

void BiasedLockingCounters::print_on(outputStream* st) {
  tty->print_cr("# total entries: %d", _total_entry_count);
  tty->print_cr("# biased lock entries: %d", _biased_lock_entry_count);
  tty->print_cr("# anonymously biased lock entries: %d", _anonymously_biased_lock_entry_count);
  tty->print_cr("# rebiased lock entries: %d", _rebiased_lock_entry_count);
  tty->print_cr("# revoked lock entries: %d", _revoked_lock_entry_count);
  tty->print_cr("# fast path lock entries: %d", _fast_path_entry_count);
  tty->print_cr("# slow path lock entries: %d", slow_path_entry_count());
}

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