Scala example source code file (Erasure.scala)

This example Scala source code file (Erasure.scala) is included in my "Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you more easily find Scala source code examples by using tags.

All credit for the original source code belongs to scala-lang.org; I'm just trying to make examples easier to find. (For my Scala work, see my Scala examples and tutorials.)

Scala tags/keywords

arrayclass, erasuremap, existentialtype, list, methodtype, objecttpe, scalaerasuremap, symbol, type, typeref

The Erasure.scala Scala example source code

package scala
package reflect
package internal
package transform

import Flags.{PARAMACCESSOR, METHOD}

trait Erasure {

  val global: SymbolTable
  import global._
  import definitions._

  /** An extractor object for generic arrays */
  object GenericArray {

    /** Is `tp` an unbounded generic type (i.e. which could be instantiated
     *  with primitive as well as class types)?.
     */
    private def genericCore(tp: Type): Type = tp.dealiasWiden match {
      /* A Java Array<T> is erased to Array[Object] (T can only be a reference type), where as a Scala Array[T] is
       * erased to Object. However, there is only symbol for the Array class. So to make the distinction between
       * a Java and a Scala array, we check if the owner of T comes from a Java class.
       * This however caused issue SI-5654. The additional test for EXSITENTIAL fixes it, see the ticket comments.
       * In short, members of an existential type (e.g. `T` in `forSome { type T }`) can have pretty arbitrary
       * owners (e.g. when computing lubs, <root> is used). All packageClass symbols have `isJavaDefined == true`.
       */
      case TypeRef(_, sym, _) if sym.isAbstractType && (!sym.owner.isJavaDefined || sym.hasFlag(Flags.EXISTENTIAL)) =>
        tp
      case ExistentialType(tparams, restp) =>
        genericCore(restp)
      case _ =>
        NoType
    }

    /** If `tp` is of the form Array[...Array[T]...] where `T` is an abstract type
     *  then Some((N, T)) where N is the number of Array constructors enclosing `T`,
     *  otherwise None. Existentials on any level are ignored.
     */
    def unapply(tp: Type): Option[(Int, Type)] = tp.dealiasWiden match {
      case TypeRef(_, ArrayClass, List(arg)) =>
        genericCore(arg) match {
          case NoType =>
            unapply(arg) match {
              case Some((level, core)) => Some((level + 1, core))
              case None => None
            }
          case core =>
            Some((1, core))
        }
      case ExistentialType(tparams, restp) =>
        unapply(restp)
      case _ =>
        None
    }
  }

  /** Arrays despite their finality may turn up as refined type parents,
   *  e.g. with "tagged types" like Array[Int] with T.
   */
  protected def unboundedGenericArrayLevel(tp: Type): Int = tp match {
    case GenericArray(level, core) if !(core <:< AnyRefTpe) => level
    case RefinedType(ps, _) if ps.nonEmpty                  => logResult(s"Unbounded generic level for $tp is")((ps map unboundedGenericArrayLevel).max)
    case _                                                  => 0
  }

  // @M #2585 when generating a java generic signature that includes
  // a selection of an inner class p.I, (p = `pre`, I = `cls`) must
  // rewrite to p'.I, where p' refers to the class that directly defines
  // the nested class I.
  //
  // See also #2585 marker in javaSig: there, type arguments must be
  // included (use pre.baseType(cls.owner)).
  //
  // This requires that cls.isClass.
  protected def rebindInnerClass(pre: Type, cls: Symbol): Type =
    if (cls.isTopLevel || cls.isLocalToBlock) pre else cls.owner.tpe_*

  /** The type of the argument of a value class reference after erasure
   *  This method needs to be called at a phase no later than erasurephase
   */
  def erasedValueClassArg(tref: TypeRef): Type = {
    assert(!phase.erasedTypes)
    val clazz = tref.sym
    if (valueClassIsParametric(clazz)) {
      val underlying = tref.memberType(clazz.derivedValueClassUnbox).resultType
      boxingErasure(underlying)
    } else {
      scalaErasure(underlyingOfValueClass(clazz))
    }
  }

  /** Does this vakue class have an underlying type that's a type parameter of
   *  the class itself?
   *  This method needs to be called at a phase no later than erasurephase
   */
  def valueClassIsParametric(clazz: Symbol): Boolean = {
    assert(!phase.erasedTypes)
    clazz.typeParams contains
      clazz.derivedValueClassUnbox.tpe.resultType.typeSymbol
  }

  abstract class ErasureMap extends TypeMap {
    def mergeParents(parents: List[Type]): Type

    def eraseNormalClassRef(tref: TypeRef): Type = {
      val TypeRef(pre, clazz, args) = tref
      val pre1 = apply(rebindInnerClass(pre, clazz))
      val args1 = Nil
      if ((pre eq pre1) && (args eq args1)) tref // OPT
      else typeRef(pre1, clazz, args1) // #2585
    }

    protected def eraseDerivedValueClassRef(tref: TypeRef): Type = erasedValueClassArg(tref)

    def apply(tp: Type): Type = tp match {
      case ConstantType(_) =>
        tp
      case st: ThisType if st.sym.isPackageClass =>
        tp
      case st: SubType =>
        apply(st.supertype)
      case tref @ TypeRef(pre, sym, args) =>
        if (sym == ArrayClass)
          if (unboundedGenericArrayLevel(tp) == 1) ObjectTpe
          else if (args.head.typeSymbol.isBottomClass) arrayType(ObjectTpe)
          else typeRef(apply(pre), sym, args map applyInArray)
        else if (sym == AnyClass || sym == AnyValClass || sym == SingletonClass) ObjectTpe
        else if (sym == UnitClass) BoxedUnitTpe
        else if (sym.isRefinementClass) apply(mergeParents(tp.parents))
        else if (sym.isDerivedValueClass) eraseDerivedValueClassRef(tref)
        else if (sym.isClass) eraseNormalClassRef(tref)
        else apply(sym.info asSeenFrom (pre, sym.owner)) // alias type or abstract type
      case PolyType(tparams, restpe) =>
        apply(restpe)
      case ExistentialType(tparams, restpe) =>
        apply(restpe)
      case mt @ MethodType(params, restpe) =>
        MethodType(
          cloneSymbolsAndModify(params, ErasureMap.this),
          if (restpe.typeSymbol == UnitClass) UnitTpe
          // this replaces each typeref that refers to an argument
          // by the type `p.tpe` of the actual argument p (p in params)
          else apply(mt.resultType(mt.paramTypes)))
      case RefinedType(parents, decls) =>
        apply(mergeParents(parents))
      case AnnotatedType(_, atp) =>
        apply(atp)
      case ClassInfoType(parents, decls, clazz) =>
        ClassInfoType(
          if (clazz == ObjectClass || isPrimitiveValueClass(clazz)) Nil
          else if (clazz == ArrayClass) ObjectTpe :: Nil
          else removeLaterObjects(parents map this),
          decls, clazz)
      case _ =>
        mapOver(tp)
    }

    def applyInArray(tp: Type): Type = tp match {
      case tref @ TypeRef(_, sym, _) if sym.isDerivedValueClass => eraseNormalClassRef(tref)
      case _ => apply(tp)
    }
  }

  protected def verifyJavaErasure = false

  /**   The erasure |T| of a type T. This is:
   *
   *   - For a constant type, itself.
   *   - For a type-bounds structure, the erasure of its upper bound.
   *   - For every other singleton type, the erasure of its supertype.
   *   - For a typeref scala.Array+[T] where T is an abstract type, AnyRef.
   *   - For a typeref scala.Array+[T] where T is not an abstract type, scala.Array+[|T|].
   *   - For a typeref scala.Any or scala.AnyVal, java.lang.Object.
   *   - For a typeref scala.Unit, scala.runtime.BoxedUnit.
   *   - For a typeref P.C[Ts] where C refers to a class, |P|.C.
   *     (Where P is first rebound to the class that directly defines C.)
   *   - For a typeref P.C[Ts] where C refers to an alias type, the erasure of C's alias.
   *   - For a typeref P.C[Ts] where C refers to an abstract type, the
   *     erasure of C's upper bound.
   *   - For a non-empty type intersection (possibly with refinement)
   *      - in scala, the erasure of the intersection dominator
   *      - in java, the erasure of its first parent                  <--- @PP: not yet in spec.
   *   - For an empty type intersection, java.lang.Object.
   *   - For a method type (Fs)scala.Unit, (|Fs|)scala#Unit.
   *   - For any other method type (Fs)Y, (|Fs|)|T|.
   *   - For a polymorphic type, the erasure of its result type.
   *   - For the class info type of java.lang.Object, the same type without any parents.
   *   - For a class info type of a value class, the same type without any parents.
   *   - For any other class info type with parents Ps, the same type with
   *     parents |Ps|, but with duplicate references of Object removed.
   *   - for all other types, the type itself (with any sub-components erased)
   */
  def erasure(sym: Symbol): ErasureMap =
    if (sym == NoSymbol || !sym.enclClass.isJavaDefined) scalaErasure
    else if (verifyJavaErasure && sym.isMethod) verifiedJavaErasure
    else javaErasure

  /** This is used as the Scala erasure during the erasure phase itself
   *  It differs from normal erasure in that value classes are erased to ErasedValueTypes which
   *  are then later converted to the underlying parameter type in phase posterasure.
   */
  def specialErasure(sym: Symbol)(tp: Type): Type =
    if (sym != NoSymbol && sym.enclClass.isJavaDefined)
      erasure(sym)(tp)
    else if (sym.isClassConstructor)
      specialConstructorErasure(sym.owner, tp)
    else
      specialScalaErasure(tp)

  def specialConstructorErasure(clazz: Symbol, tpe: Type): Type = {
    tpe match {
      case PolyType(tparams, restpe) =>
        specialConstructorErasure(clazz, restpe)
      case ExistentialType(tparams, restpe) =>
        specialConstructorErasure(clazz, restpe)
      case mt @ MethodType(params, restpe) =>
        MethodType(
          cloneSymbolsAndModify(params, specialScalaErasure),
          specialConstructorErasure(clazz, restpe))
      case TypeRef(pre, `clazz`, args) =>
        typeRef(pre, clazz, List())
      case tp =>
        if (!(clazz == ArrayClass || tp.isError))
          assert(clazz == ArrayClass || tp.isError, s"!!! unexpected constructor erasure $tp for $clazz")
        specialScalaErasure(tp)
    }
  }

  /** Scala's more precise erasure than java's is problematic as follows:
   *
   *  - Symbols are read from classfiles and populated with types
   *  - The textual signature read from the bytecode is forgotten
   *  - Bytecode generation must know the precise signature of a method
   *  - the signature is derived from the erasure of the method type
   *  - If that derivation does not adhere to the rules by which the original
   *    signature was created, a NoSuchMethod error will result.
   *
   *  For this reason and others (such as distinguishing constructors from other methods)
   *  erasure is now (Symbol, Type) => Type rather than Type => Type.
   */
  class ScalaErasureMap extends ErasureMap {
    /** In scala, calculate a useful parent.
     *  An intersection such as `Object with Trait` erases to Trait.
     */
    def mergeParents(parents: List[Type]): Type =
      intersectionDominator(parents)
  }

  class JavaErasureMap extends ErasureMap {
    /** In java, always take the first parent.
     *  An intersection such as `Object with Trait` erases to Object.
     */
    def mergeParents(parents: List[Type]): Type =
      if (parents.isEmpty) ObjectTpe
      else parents.head
  }

  object scalaErasure extends ScalaErasureMap

  /** This is used as the Scala erasure during the erasure phase itself
   *  It differs from normal erasure in that value classes are erased to ErasedValueTypes which
   *  are then later unwrapped to the underlying parameter type in phase posterasure.
   */
  object specialScalaErasure extends ScalaErasureMap {
    override def eraseDerivedValueClassRef(tref: TypeRef): Type =
      ErasedValueType(tref.sym, erasedValueClassArg(tref))
  }

  object javaErasure extends JavaErasureMap

  object verifiedJavaErasure extends JavaErasureMap {
    override def apply(tp: Type): Type = {
      val res = javaErasure(tp)
      val old = scalaErasure(tp)
      if (!(res =:= old))
        log("Identified divergence between java/scala erasure:\n  scala: " + old + "\n   java: " + res)
      res
    }
  }

  object boxingErasure extends ScalaErasureMap {
    override def eraseNormalClassRef(tref: TypeRef) =
      if (isPrimitiveValueClass(tref.sym)) boxedClass(tref.sym).tpe
      else super.eraseNormalClassRef(tref)
    override def eraseDerivedValueClassRef(tref: TypeRef) =
      super.eraseNormalClassRef(tref)
  }

  /** The intersection dominator (SLS 3.7) of a list of types is computed as follows.
   *
   *  - If the list contains one or more occurrences of scala.Array with
   *    type parameters El1, El2, ... then the dominator is scala.Array with
   *    type parameter of intersectionDominator(List(El1, El2, ...)).           <--- @PP: not yet in spec.
   *  - Otherwise, the list is reduced to a subsequence containing only types
   *    which are not subtypes of other listed types (the span.)
   *  - If the span is empty, the dominator is Object.
   *  - If the span contains a class Tc which is not a trait and which is
   *    not Object, the dominator is Tc.                                        <--- @PP: "which is not Object" not in spec.
   *  - Otherwise, the dominator is the first element of the span.
   */
  def intersectionDominator(parents: List[Type]): Type = {
    if (parents.isEmpty) ObjectTpe
    else {
      val psyms = parents map (_.typeSymbol)
      if (psyms contains ArrayClass) {
        // treat arrays specially
        arrayType(
          intersectionDominator(
            parents filter (_.typeSymbol == ArrayClass) map (_.typeArgs.head)))
      } else {
        // implement new spec for erasure of refined types.
        def isUnshadowed(psym: Symbol) =
          !(psyms exists (qsym => (psym ne qsym) && (qsym isNonBottomSubClass psym)))
        val cs = parents.iterator.filter { p => // isUnshadowed is a bit expensive, so try classes first
          val psym = p.typeSymbol
          psym.initialize
          psym.isClass && !psym.isTrait && isUnshadowed(psym)
        }
        (if (cs.hasNext) cs else parents.iterator.filter(p => isUnshadowed(p.typeSymbol))).next()
      }
    }
  }

  /**  The symbol's erased info. This is the type's erasure, except for the following symbols:
   *
   *   - For $asInstanceOf      : [T]T
   *   - For $isInstanceOf      : [T]scala#Boolean
   *   - For class Array        : [T]C where C is the erased classinfo of the Array class.
   *   - For Array[T].<init>    : {scala#Int)Array[T]
   *   - For a type parameter   : A type bounds type consisting of the erasures of its bounds.
   */
  def transformInfo(sym: Symbol, tp: Type): Type = {
    if (sym == Object_asInstanceOf)
      sym.info
    else if (sym == Object_isInstanceOf || sym == ArrayClass)
      PolyType(sym.info.typeParams, specialErasure(sym)(sym.info.resultType))
    else if (sym.isAbstractType)
      TypeBounds(WildcardType, WildcardType)
    else if (sym.isTerm && sym.owner == ArrayClass) {
      if (sym.isClassConstructor)
        tp match {
          case MethodType(params, TypeRef(pre, sym1, args)) =>
            MethodType(cloneSymbolsAndModify(params, specialErasure(sym)),
                       typeRef(specialErasure(sym)(pre), sym1, args))
        }
      else if (sym.name == nme.apply)
        tp
      else if (sym.name == nme.update)
        (tp: @unchecked) match {
          case MethodType(List(index, tvar), restpe) =>
            MethodType(List(index.cloneSymbol.setInfo(specialErasure(sym)(index.tpe)), tvar), UnitTpe)
        }
      else specialErasure(sym)(tp)
    } else if (
      sym.owner != NoSymbol &&
      sym.owner.owner == ArrayClass &&
      sym == Array_update.paramss.head(1)) {
      // special case for Array.update: the non-erased type remains, i.e. (Int,A)Unit
      // since the erasure type map gets applied to every symbol, we have to catch the
      // symbol here
      tp
    } else {
      specialErasure(sym)(tp)
    }
  }
}