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Linux crontab FAQ: How do I schedule Unix/Linux crontab jobs to run at time intervals, like “Every five minutes,” “Every ten minutes,” “Every half hour,” and so on?
Solution
I’ve posted other Unix/Linux crontab tutorials here before — such as How to edit your Linux crontab file and Example Linux crontab file format — but I’ve never included a tutorial that covers the crontab “every” options, so here are some examples to demonstrate how to run crontab commands at time intervals, like every minute, every five minutes, every ten minutes, every hour, and so on.
Linux crontab: How to run a command every minute
To run a Unix/Linux crontab command every minute, use this syntax:
# run this command every minute of every day to check apache * * * * * /var/www/devdaily.com/bin/check-apache.sh
I created that crontab entry when I was having a problem with the Apache web server, and needed to run a shell script test every minute of every day to see that it was running properly.
Descriptions of the crontab date/time fields
All those * symbols are what make this command run every minute. Specifically, those first five fields have the following meanings:
# field # meaning allowed values # ------- ------------ -------------- # 1 minute 0-59 # 2 hour 0-23 # 3 day of month 1-31 # 4 month 1-12 (or names, see below) # 5 day of week 0-7 (0 or 7 is Sun, or use names)
I’m assuming that you have some previous knowledge of the crontab syntax in this tutorial, so I won’t discuss those fields too much, but what this shows is that in the first field you specify the “Minute” value, in the second field you specify the “Hour,” followed by Day Of Month, then Month, and finally Day Of Week. You’ll see more examples as we go along.
Run a crontab command every hour
To run a Linux/Unix crontab every hour of every day, you use a very similar syntax. Here’s a crontab entry I use to access a Drupal cron.php page five minutes after every hour using wget:
# hit this url to run the drupal cron process every hour of every day # this command will run at 12:05, 1:05, etc. 5 * * * * /usr/bin/wget -O - -q -t 1 http://localhost/cron.php
Run a crontab entry every day
Here’s a crontab example that shows how to run a command from the cron daemon once every day. In this command I run my backup scripts at 4:30 a.m. every day:
# run the backup scripts at 4:30am 30 4 * * * /var/www/devdaily.com/bin/create-all-backups.sh
Run a crontab entry every 5 minutes
There are a couple of ways to run a crontab entry every five minutes. First, here’s the brute force way:
0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /var/www/devdaily.com/bin/do-update.sh
That command works just fine, and there’s nothing technically wrong with it. But, the crontab syntax offers a shortcut for this situation. The crontab step syntax lets you use a crontab entry in the following format to run a Unix or Linux command every five minutes. I show this syntax in bold in this example:
# run this crontab entry every 5 minutes */5 * * * * /var/www/devdaily.com/bin/do-update.sh
That’s a nice convenience feature for situations like this. Here’s a nice blurb about the step command syntax from the crontab man page:
Step values can be used in conjunction with ranges. Following a range with "<number>" specifies skips of the number’s value through the range. For example, "0-23/2" can be used in the hours field to specify command execution every other hour (the alternative in the V7 standard is "0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22"). Steps are also permitted after an asterisk, so if you want to say "every two hours", just use "*/2".
Unix and Linux “crontab every” summary
I hope that’s enough crontab examples to help you run your own commands every minute, every 5 minutes, every hour, or every day, etc.
Unix and Linux crontab reference information
For more information on the Unix and Linux cron/crontab system, here are two links to the man pages (help/support documentation):
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