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Java example source code file (XString.java)

This example Java source code file (XString.java) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

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Java - Java tags/keywords

class_string, dtm, emptystring, java, numberformatexception, string, take, util, xmlstring, xmlstringfactory, xnodeset, xnumber, xobject, xpathvisitor, xstring

The XString.java Java example source code

/*
 * reserved comment block
 * DO NOT REMOVE OR ALTER!
 */
/*
 * Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
/*
 * $Id: XString.java,v 1.2.4.1 2005/09/14 20:47:20 jeffsuttor Exp $
 */
package com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects;

import java.util.Locale;

import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils.XMLCharacterRecognizer;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils.XMLString;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils.XMLStringFactory;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.ExpressionOwner;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.XPathContext;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.XPathVisitor;

/**
 * This class represents an XPath string object, and is capable of
 * converting the string to other types, such as a number.
 * @xsl.usage general
 */
public class XString extends XObject implements XMLString
{
    static final long serialVersionUID = 2020470518395094525L;

  /** Empty string XString object */
  public static final XString EMPTYSTRING = new XString("");

  /**
   * Construct a XString object.  This constructor exists for derived classes.
   *
   * @param val String object this will wrap.
   */
  protected XString(Object val)
  {
    super(val);
  }

  /**
   * Construct a XNodeSet object.
   *
   * @param val String object this will wrap.
   */
  public XString(String val)
  {
    super(val);
  }

  /**
   * Tell that this is a CLASS_STRING.
   *
   * @return type CLASS_STRING
   */
  public int getType()
  {
    return CLASS_STRING;
  }

  /**
   * Given a request type, return the equivalent string.
   * For diagnostic purposes.
   *
   * @return type string "#STRING"
   */
  public String getTypeString()
  {
    return "#STRING";
  }

  /**
   * Tell if this object contains a java String object.
   *
   * @return true if this XMLString can return a string without creating one.
   */
  public boolean hasString()
  {
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Cast result object to a number.
   *
   * @return 0.0 if this string is null, numeric value of this string
   * or NaN
   */
  public double num()
  {
    return toDouble();
  }

  /**
   * Convert a string to a double -- Allowed input is in fixed
   * notation ddd.fff.
   *
   * @return A double value representation of the string, or return Double.NaN
   * if the string can not be converted.
   */
  public double toDouble()
  {
    /* XMLCharacterRecognizer.isWhiteSpace(char c) methods treats the following
     * characters as white space characters.
     * ht - horizontal tab, nl - newline , cr - carriage return and sp - space
     * trim() methods by default also takes care of these white space characters
     * So trim() method is used to remove leading and trailing white spaces.
     */
        XMLString s = trim();
        double result = Double.NaN;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
        {
                char c = s.charAt(i);
    if (c != '-' && c != '.' && ( c < 0X30 || c > 0x39)) {
            // The character is not a '-' or a '.' or a digit
            // then return NaN because something is wrong.
                        return result;
        }
        }
        try
        {
                result = Double.parseDouble(s.toString());
        } catch (NumberFormatException e){}

        return result;
}

  /**
   * Cast result object to a boolean.
   *
   * @return True if the length of this string object is greater
   * than 0.
   */
  public boolean bool()
  {
    return str().length() > 0;
  }

  /**
   * Cast result object to a string.
   *
   * @return The string this wraps or the empty string if null
   */
  public XMLString xstr()
  {
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Cast result object to a string.
   *
   * @return The string this wraps or the empty string if null
   */
  public String str()
  {
    return (null != m_obj) ? ((String) m_obj) : "";
  }

  /**
   * Cast result object to a result tree fragment.
   *
   * @param support Xpath context to use for the conversion
   *
   * @return A document fragment with this string as a child node
   */
  public int rtf(XPathContext support)
  {

    DTM frag = support.createDocumentFragment();

    frag.appendTextChild(str());

    return frag.getDocument();
  }

  /**
   * Directly call the
   * characters method on the passed ContentHandler for the
   * string-value. Multiple calls to the
   * ContentHandler's characters methods may well occur for a single call to
   * this method.
   *
   * @param ch A non-null reference to a ContentHandler.
   *
   * @throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
   */
  public void dispatchCharactersEvents(org.xml.sax.ContentHandler ch)
          throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
  {

    String str = str();

    ch.characters(str.toCharArray(), 0, str.length());
  }

  /**
   * Directly call the
   * comment method on the passed LexicalHandler for the
   * string-value.
   *
   * @param lh A non-null reference to a LexicalHandler.
   *
   * @throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
   */
  public void dispatchAsComment(org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler lh)
          throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
  {

    String str = str();

    lh.comment(str.toCharArray(), 0, str.length());
  }

  /**
   * Returns the length of this string.
   *
   * @return  the length of the sequence of characters represented by this
   *          object.
   */
  public int length()
  {
    return str().length();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the character at the specified index. An index ranges
   * from <code>0 to length() - 1. The first character
   * of the sequence is at index <code>0, the next at index
   * <code>1, and so on, as for array indexing.
   *
   * @param      index   the index of the character.
   * @return     the character at the specified index of this string.
   *             The first character is at index <code>0.
   * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if the <code>index
   *             argument is negative or not less than the length of this
   *             string.
   */
  public char charAt(int index)
  {
    return str().charAt(index);
  }

  /**
   * Copies characters from this string into the destination character
   * array.
   *
   * @param      srcBegin   index of the first character in the string
   *                        to copy.
   * @param      srcEnd     index after the last character in the string
   *                        to copy.
   * @param      dst        the destination array.
   * @param      dstBegin   the start offset in the destination array.
   * @exception IndexOutOfBoundsException If any of the following
   *            is true:
   *            <ul>
  • srcBegin is negative. * <li>srcBegin is greater than srcEnd * <li>srcEnd is greater than the length of this * string * <li>dstBegin is negative * <li>dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin) is larger than * <code>dst.length * @exception NullPointerException if <code>dst is null */ public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char dst[], int dstBegin) { str().getChars(srcBegin, srcEnd, dst, dstBegin); } /** * Tell if two objects are functionally equal. * * @param obj2 Object to compare this to * * @return true if the two objects are equal * * @throws javax.xml.transform.TransformerException */ public boolean equals(XObject obj2) { // In order to handle the 'all' semantics of // nodeset comparisons, we always call the // nodeset function. int t = obj2.getType(); try { if (XObject.CLASS_NODESET == t) return obj2.equals(this); // If at least one object to be compared is a boolean, then each object // to be compared is converted to a boolean as if by applying the // boolean function. else if(XObject.CLASS_BOOLEAN == t) return obj2.bool() == bool(); // Otherwise, if at least one object to be compared is a number, then each object // to be compared is converted to a number as if by applying the number function. else if(XObject.CLASS_NUMBER == t) return obj2.num() == num(); } catch(javax.xml.transform.TransformerException te) { throw new com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils.WrappedRuntimeException(te); } // Otherwise, both objects to be compared are converted to strings as // if by applying the string function. return xstr().equals(obj2.xstr()); } /** * Compares this string to the specified <code>String. * The result is <code>true if and only if the argument is not * <code>null and is a String object that represents * the same sequence of characters as this object. * * @param obj2 the object to compare this <code>String against. * @return <code>true if the Strings are equal; * <code>false otherwise. * @see java.lang.String#compareTo(java.lang.String) * @see java.lang.String#equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String) */ public boolean equals(String obj2) { return str().equals(obj2); } /** * Compares this string to the specified object. * The result is <code>true if and only if the argument is not * <code>null and is a String object that represents * the same sequence of characters as this object. * * @param obj2 the object to compare this <code>String * against. * @return <code>true if the String are equal; * <code>false otherwise. * @see java.lang.String#compareTo(java.lang.String) * @see java.lang.String#equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String) */ public boolean equals(XMLString obj2) { if (obj2 != null) { if (!obj2.hasString()) { return obj2.equals(str()); } else { return str().equals(obj2.toString()); } } return false; } /** * Compares this string to the specified object. * The result is <code>true if and only if the argument is not * <code>null and is a String object that represents * the same sequence of characters as this object. * * @param obj2 the object to compare this <code>String * against. * @return <code>true if the String are equal; * <code>false otherwise. * @see java.lang.String#compareTo(java.lang.String) * @see java.lang.String#equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String) */ public boolean equals(Object obj2) { if (null == obj2) return false; // In order to handle the 'all' semantics of // nodeset comparisons, we always call the // nodeset function. else if (obj2 instanceof XNodeSet) return obj2.equals(this); else if(obj2 instanceof XNumber) return obj2.equals(this); else return str().equals(obj2.toString()); } /** * Compares this <code>String to another String, * ignoring case considerations. Two strings are considered equal * ignoring case if they are of the same length, and corresponding * characters in the two strings are equal ignoring case. * * @param anotherString the <code>String to compare this * <code>String against. * @return <code>true if the argument is not null * and the <code>Strings are equal, * ignoring case; <code>false otherwise. * @see #equals(Object) * @see java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char) * @see java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char) */ public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) { return str().equalsIgnoreCase(anotherString); } /** * Compares two strings lexicographically. * * @param xstr the <code>String to be compared. * * @return the value <code>0 if the argument string is equal to * this string; a value less than <code>0 if this string * is lexicographically less than the string argument; and a * value greater than <code>0 if this string is * lexicographically greater than the string argument. * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>anotherString * is <code>null. */ public int compareTo(XMLString xstr) { int len1 = this.length(); int len2 = xstr.length(); int n = Math.min(len1, len2); int i = 0; int j = 0; while (n-- != 0) { char c1 = this.charAt(i); char c2 = xstr.charAt(j); if (c1 != c2) { return c1 - c2; } i++; j++; } return len1 - len2; } /** * Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case considerations. * This method returns an integer whose sign is that of * <code>this.toUpperCase().toLowerCase().compareTo( * str.toUpperCase().toLowerCase())</code>. * <p> * Note that this method does <em>not take locale into account, * and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales. * The java.text package provides <em>collators to allow * locale-sensitive ordering. * * @param str the <code>String to be compared. * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the * the specified String is greater than, equal to, or less * than this String, ignoring case considerations. * @see java.text.Collator#compare(String, String) * @since 1.2 */ public int compareToIgnoreCase(XMLString str) { // %REVIEW% Like it says, @since 1.2. Doesn't exist in earlier // versions of Java, hence we can't yet shell out to it. We can implement // it as character-by-character compare, but doing so efficiently // is likely to be (ahem) interesting. // // However, since nobody is actually _using_ this method yet: // return str().compareToIgnoreCase(str.toString()); throw new com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils.WrappedRuntimeException( new java.lang.NoSuchMethodException( "Java 1.2 method, not yet implemented")); } /** * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix beginning * a specified index. * * @param prefix the prefix. * @param toffset where to begin looking in the string. * @return <code>true if the character sequence represented by the * argument is a prefix of the substring of this object starting * at index <code>toffset; false otherwise. * The result is <code>false if toffset is * negative or greater than the length of this * <code>String object; otherwise the result is the same * as the result of the expression * <pre> * this.subString(toffset).startsWith(prefix) * </pre> * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix is * <code>null. */ public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) { return str().startsWith(prefix, toffset); } /** * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix. * * @param prefix the prefix. * @return <code>true if the character sequence represented by the * argument is a prefix of the character sequence represented by * this string; <code>false otherwise. * Note also that <code>true will be returned if the * argument is an empty string or is equal to this * <code>String object as determined by the * {@link #equals(Object)} method. * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix is * <code>null. */ public boolean startsWith(String prefix) { return startsWith(prefix, 0); } /** * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix beginning * a specified index. * * @param prefix the prefix. * @param toffset where to begin looking in the string. * @return <code>true if the character sequence represented by the * argument is a prefix of the substring of this object starting * at index <code>toffset; false otherwise. * The result is <code>false if toffset is * negative or greater than the length of this * <code>String object; otherwise the result is the same * as the result of the expression * <pre> * this.subString(toffset).startsWith(prefix) * </pre> * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix is * <code>null. */ public boolean startsWith(XMLString prefix, int toffset) { int to = toffset; int tlim = this.length(); int po = 0; int pc = prefix.length(); // Note: toffset might be near -1>>>1. if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > tlim - pc)) { return false; } while (--pc >= 0) { if (this.charAt(to) != prefix.charAt(po)) { return false; } to++; po++; } return true; } /** * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix. * * @param prefix the prefix. * @return <code>true if the character sequence represented by the * argument is a prefix of the character sequence represented by * this string; <code>false otherwise. * Note also that <code>true will be returned if the * argument is an empty string or is equal to this * <code>String object as determined by the * {@link #equals(Object)} method. * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix is * <code>null. */ public boolean startsWith(XMLString prefix) { return startsWith(prefix, 0); } /** * Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix. * * @param suffix the suffix. * @return <code>true if the character sequence represented by the * argument is a suffix of the character sequence represented by * this object; <code>false otherwise. Note that the * result will be <code>true if the argument is the * empty string or is equal to this <code>String object * as determined by the {@link #equals(Object)} method. * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>suffix is * <code>null. */ public boolean endsWith(String suffix) { return str().endsWith(suffix); } /** * Returns a hashcode for this string. The hashcode for a * <code>String object is computed as * <blockquote>
       * s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
       * </pre>
       * using <code>int arithmetic, where s[i] is the
       * <i>ith character of the string, n is the length of
       * the string, and <code>^ indicates exponentiation.
       * (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
       *
       * @return  a hash code value for this object.
       */
      public int hashCode()
      {
        return str().hashCode();
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
       * specified character. If a character with value <code>ch occurs
       * in the character sequence represented by this <code>String
       * object, then the index of the first such occurrence is returned --
       * that is, the smallest value <i>k such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * this.charAt(<i>k) == ch
       * </pre>
       * is <code>true. If no such character occurs in this string,
       * then <code>-1 is returned.
       *
       * @param   ch   a character.
       * @return  the index of the first occurrence of the character in the
       *          character sequence represented by this object, or
       *          <code>-1 if the character does not occur.
       */
      public int indexOf(int ch)
      {
        return str().indexOf(ch);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
       * specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
       * <p>
       * If a character with value <code>ch occurs in the character
       * sequence represented by this <code>String object at an index
       * no smaller than <code>fromIndex, then the index of the first
       * such occurrence is returned--that is, the smallest value <i>k
       * such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * (this.charAt(<i>k) == ch) && (k >= fromIndex)
       * </pre>
       * is true. If no such character occurs in this string at or after
       * position <code>fromIndex, then -1 is returned.
       * <p>
       * There is no restriction on the value of <code>fromIndex. If it
       * is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire
       * string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this
       * string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of
       * this string: <code>-1 is returned.
       *
       * @param   ch          a character.
       * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from.
       * @return  the index of the first occurrence of the character in the
       *          character sequence represented by this object that is greater
       *          than or equal to <code>fromIndex, or -1
       *          if the character does not occur.
       */
      public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
      {
        return str().indexOf(ch, fromIndex);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the
       * specified character. That is, the index returned is the largest
       * value <i>k such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * this.charAt(<i>k) == ch
       * </pre>
       * is true.
       * The String is searched backwards starting at the last character.
       *
       * @param   ch   a character.
       * @return  the index of the last occurrence of the character in the
       *          character sequence represented by this object, or
       *          <code>-1 if the character does not occur.
       */
      public int lastIndexOf(int ch)
      {
        return str().lastIndexOf(ch);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the
       * specified character, searching backward starting at the specified
       * index. That is, the index returned is the largest value <i>k
       * such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k <= fromIndex)
       * </pre>
       * is true.
       *
       * @param   ch          a character.
       * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from. There is no
       *          restriction on the value of <code>fromIndex. If it is
       *          greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has
       *          the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the
       *          length of this string: this entire string may be searched.
       *          If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1:
       *          -1 is returned.
       * @return  the index of the last occurrence of the character in the
       *          character sequence represented by this object that is less
       *          than or equal to <code>fromIndex, or -1
       *          if the character does not occur before that point.
       */
      public int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
      {
        return str().lastIndexOf(ch, fromIndex);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
       * specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value
       * <i>k such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * this.startsWith(str, <i>k)
       * </pre>
       * is <code>true.
       *
       * @param   str   any string.
       * @return  if the string argument occurs as a substring within this
       *          object, then the index of the first character of the first
       *          such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a
       *          substring, <code>-1 is returned.
       * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str is
       *          <code>null.
       */
      public int indexOf(String str)
      {
        return str().indexOf(str);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
       * specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value
       * <i>k such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * this.startsWith(str, <i>k)
       * </pre>
       * is <code>true.
       *
       * @param   str   any string.
       * @return  if the string argument occurs as a substring within this
       *          object, then the index of the first character of the first
       *          such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a
       *          substring, <code>-1 is returned.
       * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str is
       *          <code>null.
       */
      public int indexOf(XMLString str)
      {
        return str().indexOf(str.toString());
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
       * specified substring, starting at the specified index. The integer
       * returned is the smallest value <i>k such that:
       * <blockquote>
       * this.startsWith(str, <i>k) && (k >= fromIndex)
       * </pre>
       * is <code>true.
       * <p>
       * There is no restriction on the value of <code>fromIndex. If
       * it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire
       * string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this
       * string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of
       * this string: <code>-1 is returned.
       *
       * @param   str         the substring to search for.
       * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from.
       * @return  If the string argument occurs as a substring within this
       *          object at a starting index no smaller than
       *          <code>fromIndex, then the index of the first character
       *          of the first such substring is returned. If it does not occur
       *          as a substring starting at <code>fromIndex or beyond,
       *          <code>-1 is returned.
       * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str is
       *          <code>null
       */
      public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
      {
        return str().indexOf(str, fromIndex);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence
       * of the specified substring.  The rightmost empty string "" is
       * considered to occur at the index value <code>this.length().
       * The returned index is the largest value <i>k such that
       * <blockquote>
       * this.startsWith(str, k)
       * </pre>
       * is true.
       *
       * @param   str   the substring to search for.
       * @return  if the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring
       *          within this object, then the index of the first character of
       *          the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as
       *          a substring, <code>-1 is returned.
       * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException  if <code>str is
       *          <code>null.
       */
      public int lastIndexOf(String str)
      {
        return str().lastIndexOf(str);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of
       * the specified substring.
       *
       * @param   str         the substring to search for.
       * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from. There is no
       *          restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than
       *          the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it
       *          were equal to the length of this string: this entire string
       *          may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect
       *          as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
       * @return  If the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring
       *          within this object at a starting index no greater than
       *          <code>fromIndex, then the index of the first character of
       *          the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a
       *          substring starting at <code>fromIndex or earlier,
       *          <code>-1 is returned.
       * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str is
       *          <code>null.
       */
      public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
      {
        return str().lastIndexOf(str, fromIndex);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The
       * substring begins with the character at the specified index and
       * extends to the end of this string. <p>
       * Examples:
       * <blockquote>
       * "unhappy".substring(2) returns "happy"
       * "Harbison".substring(3) returns "bison"
       * "emptiness".substring(9) returns "" (an empty string)
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param      beginIndex   the beginning index, inclusive.
       * @return     the specified substring.
       * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if
       *             <code>beginIndex is negative or larger than the
       *             length of this <code>String object.
       */
      public XMLString substring(int beginIndex)
      {
        return new XString(str().substring(beginIndex));
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The
       * substring begins at the specified <code>beginIndex and
       * extends to the character at index <code>endIndex - 1.
       * Thus the length of the substring is <code>endIndex-beginIndex.
       *
       * @param      beginIndex   the beginning index, inclusive.
       * @param      endIndex     the ending index, exclusive.
       * @return     the specified substring.
       * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if the
       *             <code>beginIndex is negative, or
       *             <code>endIndex is larger than the length of
       *             this <code>String object, or
       *             <code>beginIndex is larger than
       *             <code>endIndex.
       */
      public XMLString substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
      {
        return new XString(str().substring(beginIndex, endIndex));
      }
    
      /**
       * Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
       *
       * @param   str   the <code>String that is concatenated to the end
       *                of this <code>String.
       * @return  a string that represents the concatenation of this object's
       *          characters followed by the string argument's characters.
       * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str is
       *          <code>null.
       */
      public XMLString concat(String str)
      {
    
        // %REVIEW% Make an FSB here?
        return new XString(str().concat(str));
      }
    
      /**
       * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String to lower
       * case using the rules of the given <code>Locale.
       *
       * @param locale use the case transformation rules for this locale
       * @return the String, converted to lowercase.
       * @see     java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char)
       * @see     java.lang.String#toUpperCase(Locale)
       */
      public XMLString toLowerCase(Locale locale)
      {
        return new XString(str().toLowerCase(locale));
      }
    
      /**
       * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String to lower
       * case using the rules of the default locale, which is returned
       * by <code>Locale.getDefault.
       * <p>
       *
       * @return  the string, converted to lowercase.
       * @see     java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char)
       * @see     java.lang.String#toLowerCase(Locale)
       */
      public XMLString toLowerCase()
      {
        return new XString(str().toLowerCase());
      }
    
      /**
       * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String to upper
       * case using the rules of the given locale.
       * @param locale use the case transformation rules for this locale
       * @return the String, converted to uppercase.
       * @see     java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char)
       * @see     java.lang.String#toLowerCase(Locale)
       */
      public XMLString toUpperCase(Locale locale)
      {
        return new XString(str().toUpperCase(locale));
      }
    
      /**
       * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String to upper
       * case using the rules of the default locale, which is returned
       * by <code>Locale.getDefault.
       *
       * <p>
       * If no character in this string has a different uppercase version,
       * based on calling the <code>toUpperCase method defined by
       * <code>Character, then the original string is returned.
       * <p>
       * Otherwise, this method creates a new <code>String object
       * representing a character sequence identical in length to the
       * character sequence represented by this <code>String object and
       * with every character equal to the result of applying the method
       * <code>Character.toUpperCase to the corresponding character of
       * this <code>String object. 

    * Examples: * <blockquote>

       * "Fahrvergnügen".toUpperCase() returns "FAHRVERGNÜGEN"
       * "Visit Ljubinje!".toUpperCase() returns "VISIT LJUBINJE!"
       * </pre>
       *
       * @return  the string, converted to uppercase.
       * @see     java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char)
       * @see     java.lang.String#toUpperCase(Locale)
       */
      public XMLString toUpperCase()
      {
        return new XString(str().toUpperCase());
      }
    
      /**
       * Removes white space from both ends of this string.
       *
       * @return  this string, with white space removed from the front and end.
       */
      public XMLString trim()
      {
        return new XString(str().trim());
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns whether the specified <var>ch conforms to the XML 1.0 definition
       * of whitespace.  Refer to <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210#NT-S">
       * the definition of <CODE>S for details.
       * @param   ch      Character to check as XML whitespace.
       * @return          =true if <var>ch is XML whitespace; otherwise =false.
       */
      private static boolean isSpace(char ch)
      {
        return XMLCharacterRecognizer.isWhiteSpace(ch);  // Take the easy way out for now.
      }
    
      /**
       * Conditionally trim all leading and trailing whitespace in the specified String.
       * All strings of white space are
       * replaced by a single space character (#x20), except spaces after punctuation which
       * receive double spaces if doublePunctuationSpaces is true.
       * This function may be useful to a formatter, but to get first class
       * results, the formatter should probably do it's own white space handling
       * based on the semantics of the formatting object.
       *
       * @param   trimHead    Trim leading whitespace?
       * @param   trimTail    Trim trailing whitespace?
       * @param   doublePunctuationSpaces    Use double spaces for punctuation?
       * @return              The trimmed string.
       */
      public XMLString fixWhiteSpace(boolean trimHead, boolean trimTail,
                                     boolean doublePunctuationSpaces)
      {
    
        // %OPT% !!!!!!!
        int len = this.length();
        char[] buf = new char[len];
    
        this.getChars(0, len, buf, 0);
    
        boolean edit = false;
        int s;
    
        for (s = 0; s < len; s++)
        {
          if (isSpace(buf[s]))
          {
            break;
          }
        }
    
        /* replace S to ' '. and ' '+ -> single ' '. */
        int d = s;
        boolean pres = false;
    
        for (; s < len; s++)
        {
          char c = buf[s];
    
          if (isSpace(c))
          {
            if (!pres)
            {
              if (' ' != c)
              {
                edit = true;
              }
    
              buf[d++] = ' ';
    
              if (doublePunctuationSpaces && (s != 0))
              {
                char prevChar = buf[s - 1];
    
                if (!((prevChar == '.') || (prevChar == '!')
                      || (prevChar == '?')))
                {
                  pres = true;
                }
              }
              else
              {
                pres = true;
              }
            }
            else
            {
              edit = true;
              pres = true;
            }
          }
          else
          {
            buf[d++] = c;
            pres = false;
          }
        }
    
        if (trimTail && 1 <= d && ' ' == buf[d - 1])
        {
          edit = true;
    
          d--;
        }
    
        int start = 0;
    
        if (trimHead && 0 < d && ' ' == buf[0])
        {
          edit = true;
    
          start++;
        }
    
        XMLStringFactory xsf = XMLStringFactoryImpl.getFactory();
    
        return edit ? xsf.newstr(new String(buf, start, d - start)) : this;
      }
    
      /**
       * @see com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.XPathVisitable#callVisitors(ExpressionOwner, XPathVisitor)
       */
      public void callVisitors(ExpressionOwner owner, XPathVisitor visitor)
      {
            visitor.visitStringLiteral(owner, this);
      }
    
    }
    

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