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Java example source code file (LockStep.java)

This example Java source code file (LockStep.java) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

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Java - Java tags/keywords

bytearrayoutputstream, comparator, fun, integer, iterator, mapfrobber, navigablemap, navigableset, object, runtimeexception, setfrobber, threading, threads, throwable, treemap, treeset, util

The LockStep.java Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

/*
 * @test
 * @bug     6420753 6242436 6691185
 * @summary Compare NavigableMap implementations for identical behavior
 * @run main LockStep
 * @run main/othervm -XX:+AggressiveOpts LockStep
 * @run main/othervm -XX:+AggressiveOpts -Dthorough=true LockStep
 * @author  Martin Buchholz
 */

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static java.util.Collections.*;

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public class LockStep {
    static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 5;
    static int size;            // Running time is O(size**2)

    static int intArg(String[] args, int i, int defaultValue) {
        return args.length > i ? Integer.parseInt(args[i]) : defaultValue;
    }

    // Pass -Dthorough=true for more exhaustive testing
    static final boolean thorough = Boolean.getBoolean("thorough");

    static boolean maybe(int n) { return rnd.nextInt(n) == 0; }

    static void realMain(String[] args) {
        size = intArg(args, 0, DEFAULT_SIZE);

        lockSteps(new TreeMap(),
                  new ConcurrentSkipListMap());
        lockSteps(new TreeMap(),
                  Collections.checkedNavigableMap(new TreeMap(), Integer.class, Integer.class));
        lockSteps(new TreeMap(),
                  Collections.synchronizedNavigableMap(new TreeMap()));
        lockSteps(new TreeMap(reverseOrder()),
                  new ConcurrentSkipListMap(reverseOrder()));

        lockSteps(new TreeSet(),
                  new ConcurrentSkipListSet());
        lockSteps(new TreeSet(),
                  Collections.checkedNavigableSet(new TreeSet(), Integer.class));
        lockSteps(new TreeSet(),
                  Collections.synchronizedNavigableSet(new TreeSet()));
        lockSteps(new TreeSet(reverseOrder()),
                  new ConcurrentSkipListSet(reverseOrder()));
    }

    static void lockSteps(NavigableMap m1, NavigableMap m2) {
        if (maybe(4)) m1 = serialClone(m1);
        if (maybe(4)) m2 = serialClone(m2);
        lockStep(m1,
                 m2);
        lockStep(m1.descendingMap(),
                 m2.descendingMap());
        lockStep(fullSubMap(m1),
                 fullSubMap(m2));
        lockStep(fullSubMap(m1.descendingMap()),
                 fullSubMap(m2.descendingMap()));
        lockStep(fullHeadMap(m1),
                 fullHeadMap(m2));
        lockStep(fullHeadMap(m1.descendingMap()),
                 fullHeadMap(m2.descendingMap()));
        lockStep(fullTailMap(m1),
                 fullTailMap(m2));
        lockStep(fullTailMap(m1.descendingMap()),
                 fullTailMap(m2.descendingMap()));
    }

    static void lockSteps(NavigableSet s1, NavigableSet s2) {
        if (maybe(4)) s1 = serialClone(s1);
        if (maybe(4)) s2 = serialClone(s2);
        lockStep(s1,
                 s2);
        lockStep(s1.descendingSet(),
                 s2.descendingSet());
        lockStep(fullSubSet(s1),
                 fullSubSet(s2));
        lockStep(fullSubSet(s1.descendingSet()),
                 fullSubSet(s2.descendingSet()));
        lockStep(fullHeadSet(s1),
                 fullHeadSet(s2));
        lockStep(fullHeadSet(s1.descendingSet()),
                 fullHeadSet(s2.descendingSet()));
        lockStep(fullTailSet(s1),
                 fullTailSet(s2));
        lockStep(fullTailSet(s1.descendingSet()),
                 fullTailSet(s2.descendingSet()));
    }

    static boolean isAscending(NavigableMap m) {
        Comparator cmp = m.comparator();
        return (cmp == null || cmp.compare(1, 2) < 0);
    }

    static NavigableMap fullSubMap(NavigableMap m) {
        return isAscending(m)
            ? m.subMap(Integer.MIN_VALUE, true, Integer.MAX_VALUE, true)
            : m.subMap(Integer.MAX_VALUE, true, Integer.MIN_VALUE, true);
    }

    static NavigableMap fullHeadMap(NavigableMap m) {
        return isAscending(m)
            ? m.headMap(Integer.MAX_VALUE, true)
            : m.headMap(Integer.MIN_VALUE, true);
    }

    static NavigableMap fullTailMap(NavigableMap m) {
        return isAscending(m)
            ? m.tailMap(Integer.MIN_VALUE, true)
            : m.tailMap(Integer.MAX_VALUE, true);
    }

    static boolean isAscending(NavigableSet s) {
        Comparator cmp = s.comparator();
        return (cmp == null || cmp.compare(1, 2) < 0);
    }

    static NavigableSet fullSubSet(NavigableSet s) {
        return isAscending(s)
            ? s.subSet(Integer.MIN_VALUE, true, Integer.MAX_VALUE, true)
            : s.subSet(Integer.MAX_VALUE, true, Integer.MIN_VALUE, true);
    }

    static NavigableSet fullHeadSet(NavigableSet s) {
        return isAscending(s)
            ? s.headSet(Integer.MAX_VALUE, true)
            : s.headSet(Integer.MIN_VALUE, true);
    }

    static NavigableSet fullTailSet(NavigableSet s) {
        return isAscending(s)
            ? s.tailSet(Integer.MIN_VALUE, true)
            : s.tailSet(Integer.MAX_VALUE, true);
    }

    static void testEmptyCollection(Collection<?> c) {
        check(c.isEmpty());
        equal(c.size(), 0);
        equal(c.toString(),"[]");
        equal(c.toArray().length, 0);
        equal(c.toArray(new Object[0]).length, 0);

        Object[] a = new Object[1]; a[0] = Boolean.TRUE;
        equal(c.toArray(a), a);
        equal(a[0], null);
        check(! c.iterator().hasNext());
    }

    static void testEmptySet(Set<?> c) {
        testEmptyCollection(c);
        equal(c.hashCode(), 0);
        equal2(c, Collections.<Integer>emptySet());
    }

    static void testEmptyMap(final Map<?,?> m) {
        check(m.isEmpty());
        equal(m.size(), 0);
        equal(m.toString(),"{}");
        equal(m.hashCode(), 0);
        testEmptySet(m.keySet());
        testEmptySet(m.entrySet());
        testEmptyCollection(m.values());
    }

    static final Random rnd;

    static {
        // sufficiently random for this test
        long seed = System.nanoTime();
        System.out.println(LockStep.class.getCanonicalName() + ": Trial random seed: " + seed );

        rnd = new Random(seed);
    }

    static void equalNext(final Iterator<?> it, Object expected) {
        if (maybe(2))
            check(it.hasNext());
        equal(it.next(), expected);
    }

    static Comparator comparator(NavigableSet s) {
        Comparator cmp = s.comparator();
        return cmp != null ? cmp : new Comparator() {
            public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
                return ((Comparable) o1).compareTo(o2); }};
    }

    static Comparator comparator(NavigableMap m) {
        Comparator cmp = m.comparator();
        return cmp != null ? cmp : new Comparator() {
            public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
                return ((Comparable) o1).compareTo(o2); }};
    }

    static void checkNavigableSet(final NavigableSet s) {
        if (s.comparator() == null)
            check(s.descendingSet().descendingSet().comparator() == null);
        equal(s.isEmpty(), s.size() == 0);
        equal2(s, s.descendingSet());
        if (maybe(4) && s instanceof Serializable) {
            try {
                equal2(s, serialClone(s));
            } catch(RuntimeException uhoh) {
                if(!(uhoh.getCause() instanceof NotSerializableException)) {
                    throw uhoh;
                }
            }
        }
        Comparator cmp = comparator(s);
        if (s.isEmpty()) {
            THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
                   new Fun(){void f(){ s.first(); }},
                   new Fun(){void f(){ s.last();  }});
            equal(null, s.lower(1));
            equal(null, s.floor(1));
            equal(null, s.ceiling(1));
            equal(null, s.higher(1));
        } else {
            Object a = s.first();
            Object z = s.last();
            equal(s.lower(a), null);
            equal(s.higher(z), null);
            equal2(s, s.tailSet(a));
            equal2(s, s.headSet(z, true));
            equal2(s, s.subSet(a, true, z, true));

            testEmptySet(s.subSet(a, true, a, false));
            testEmptySet(s.subSet(z, true, z, false));
            testEmptySet(s.headSet(a, false));
            testEmptySet(s.tailSet(z, false));

            equal2(s.headSet(a, true), singleton(a));
            equal2(s.tailSet(z, true), singleton(z));
        }
        Iterator[] its = new Iterator[] {
            s.iterator(),
            s.descendingSet().descendingSet().iterator(),
        };
        for (final Iterator it : its)
            if (maybe(4))
                THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                       new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
        Object prev = null;
        for (Object e : s) {
            check(s.contains(e));
            for (Iterator it : its) equalNext(it, e);
            equal(e, s.ceiling(e));
            equal(e, s.floor(e));
            check(s.higher(e) == null || cmp.compare(e, s.higher(e)) < 0);
            equal(s.lower(e), prev);
            if (prev == null) {
            } else {
                check(cmp.compare(prev, e) < 0);
            }
            prev = e;
        }
        for (final Iterator it : its) {
            if (maybe(2))
                check(! it.hasNext());
            Fun fun = new Fun(){void f(){ it.next(); }};
            THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class, fun, fun, fun);
        }
    }

    static void equalIterators(final Iterator<?> it1,
                               final Iterator<?> it2) {
        while (it1.hasNext()) {
            if (maybe(2))
                check(it2.hasNext());
            equal(it1.next(), it2.next());
        }
        check(! it2.hasNext());
    }

    static void equalSetsLeaf(final Set s1, final Set s2) {
        equal2(s1,            s2);
        equal( s1.size(),     s2.size());
        equal( s1.isEmpty(),  s2.isEmpty());
        equal( s1.hashCode(), s2.hashCode());
        equal( s1.toString(), s2.toString());
        equal( s1.containsAll(s2), s2.containsAll(s1));
    }

    static void equalNavigableSetsLeaf(final NavigableSet s1,
                                       final NavigableSet s2) {
        equal2(s1,            s2);
        equal( s1.size(),     s2.size());
        equal( s1.isEmpty(),  s2.isEmpty());
        equal( s1.hashCode(), s2.hashCode());
        equal( s1.toString(), s2.toString());
        if (! s1.isEmpty()) {
            equal(s1.first(), s2.first());
            equal(s1.last(),  s2.last());
        }
        equalIterators(s1.iterator(), s2.iterator());
        equalIterators(s1.descendingIterator(), s2.descendingIterator());
        checkNavigableSet(s1);
        checkNavigableSet(s2);
    }

    static void equalNavigableSets(final NavigableSet s1,
                                   final NavigableSet s2) {
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(s1, s2);
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(s1.descendingSet(), s2.descendingSet());
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(s1.descendingSet().descendingSet(), s2);
        Object min = s1.isEmpty() ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : s1.first();
        Object max = s2.isEmpty() ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : s2.last();
        if (s1.comparator() != null &&
            s1.comparator().compare(min, max) > 0) {
            Object tmp = min; min = max; max = tmp;
        }

        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(s1.subSet(min, true, max, true),
                               s2.subSet(min, true, max, true));
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(s1.tailSet(min, true),
                               s2.tailSet(min, true));
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(s1.headSet(max, true),
                               s2.headSet(max, true));
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf((NavigableSet) s1.subSet(min, max),
                               (NavigableSet) s2.subSet(min, max));
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf((NavigableSet) s1.tailSet(min),
                               (NavigableSet) s2.tailSet(min));
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf((NavigableSet) s1.headSet(max),
                               (NavigableSet) s2.headSet(max));
    }

    // Destined for a Collections.java near you?
    static <T> T[] concat(T[]... arrays) {
        int len = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++)
            len += arrays[i].length;
        T[] a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array
            .newInstance(arrays[0].getClass().getComponentType(), len);
        int k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < arrays.length; i++) {
            T[] array = arrays[i];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, a, k, array.length);
            k += array.length;
        }
        return a;
    }

    static void checkNavigableMap(final NavigableMap m) {
        if (m.comparator() == null) {
            check(m.descendingMap().descendingMap().comparator() == null);
            check(m.descendingKeySet().descendingSet().comparator() == null);
        }
        equal(m.isEmpty(), m.size() == 0);
        equal2(m, m.descendingMap());
        if (maybe(4))
            equal2(m, serialClone(m));
        equal2(m.keySet(), m.descendingKeySet());
        Comparator cmp = comparator(m);
        if (m.isEmpty()) {
            THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class,
                   new Fun(){void f(){ m.firstKey(); }},
                   new Fun(){void f(){ m.lastKey();  }});
            equal(null, m.firstEntry());
            equal(null, m.lastEntry());
            equal(null, m.pollFirstEntry());
            equal(null, m.pollLastEntry());
            equal(null, m.lowerKey(1));
            equal(null, m.floorKey(1));
            equal(null, m.ceilingKey(1));
            equal(null, m.higherKey(1));
            equal(null, m.lowerEntry(1));
            equal(null, m.floorEntry(1));
            equal(null, m.ceilingEntry(1));
            equal(null, m.higherEntry(1));
        } else {
            Object a = m.firstKey();
            Object z = m.lastKey();
            equal(m.lowerKey(a), null);
            equal(m.higherKey(z), null);
            equal(a, m.firstEntry().getKey());
            equal(z, m.lastEntry().getKey());
            equal2(m, m.tailMap(a));
            equal2(m, m.headMap(z, true));
            equal2(m, m.subMap(a, true, z, true));

            testEmptyMap(m.subMap(a, true, a, false));
            testEmptyMap(m.subMap(z, true, z, false));
            testEmptyMap(m.headMap(a, false));
            testEmptyMap(m.tailMap(z, false));

            equal2(m.headMap(a, true), singletonMap(a, m.get(a)));
            equal2(m.tailMap(z, true), singletonMap(z, m.get(z)));
        }

        Iterator[] kits = new Iterator[] {
            m.keySet().iterator(),
            m.descendingMap().descendingKeySet().iterator(),
            m.descendingKeySet().descendingSet().iterator(),
        };
        Iterator[] vits = new Iterator[] {
            m.values().iterator(),
            m.descendingMap().descendingMap().values().iterator(),
        };
        Iterator[] eits = new Iterator[] {
            m.entrySet().iterator(),
            m.descendingMap().descendingMap().entrySet().iterator(),
        };
        Iterator[] its = concat(kits, vits, eits);
        for (final Iterator it : its)
            if (maybe(4))
                THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                       new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
        Map.Entry prev = null;
        for (Map.Entry e : (Set<Map.Entry>) m.entrySet()) {
            Object k = e.getKey();
            Object v = e.getValue();
            check(m.containsKey(k));
            check(m.containsValue(v));
            for (Iterator kit : kits) equalNext(kit, k);
            for (Iterator vit : vits) equalNext(vit, v);
            for (Iterator eit : eits) equalNext(eit, e);
            equal(k, m.ceilingKey(k));
            equal(k, m.ceilingEntry(k).getKey());
            equal(k, m.floorKey(k));
            equal(k, m.floorEntry(k).getKey());
            check(m.higherKey(k) == null || cmp.compare(k, m.higherKey(k)) < 0);
            check(m.lowerKey(k)  == null || cmp.compare(k, m.lowerKey(k))  > 0);
            equal(m.lowerEntry(k), prev);
            if (prev == null) {
                equal(m.lowerKey(k), null);
            } else {
                equal(m.lowerKey(k), prev.getKey());
                check(cmp.compare(prev.getKey(), e.getKey()) < 0);
            }
            prev = e;
        }
        for (final Iterator it : its) {
            if (maybe(2))
                check(! it.hasNext());
            Fun fun = new Fun(){void f(){ it.next(); }};
            THROWS(NoSuchElementException.class, fun, fun, fun);
        }
    }

    static void equalNavigableMapsLeaf(final NavigableMap m1,
                                       final NavigableMap m2) {
        equal2(m1,              m2);
        equal( m1.size(),       m2.size());
        equal( m1.isEmpty(),    m2.isEmpty());
        equal( m1.hashCode(),   m2.hashCode());
        equal( m1.toString(),   m2.toString());
        equal2(m1.firstEntry(), m2.firstEntry());
        equal2(m1.lastEntry(),  m2.lastEntry());
        checkNavigableMap(m1);
        checkNavigableMap(m2);
    }

    static void equalNavigableMaps(NavigableMap m1,
                                   NavigableMap m2) {
        equalNavigableMapsLeaf(m1, m2);
        equalSetsLeaf(m1.keySet(), m2.keySet());
        equalNavigableSets(m1.navigableKeySet(),
                           m2.navigableKeySet());
        equalNavigableSets(m1.descendingKeySet(),
                           m2.descendingKeySet());
        equal2(m1.entrySet(),
               m2.entrySet());
        equalNavigableMapsLeaf(m1.descendingMap(),
                               m2.descendingMap());
        equalNavigableMapsLeaf(m1.descendingMap().descendingMap(),
                               m2);
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf((NavigableSet) m1.descendingMap().keySet(),
                               (NavigableSet) m2.descendingMap().keySet());
        equalNavigableSetsLeaf(m1.descendingMap().descendingKeySet(),
                               m2.descendingMap().descendingKeySet());
        equal2(m1.descendingMap().entrySet(),
               m2.descendingMap().entrySet());

        //----------------------------------------------------------------
        // submaps
        //----------------------------------------------------------------
        Object min = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        Object max = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        if (m1.comparator() != null
            && m1.comparator().compare(min, max) > 0) {
            Object tmp = min; min = max; max = tmp;
        }
        switch (rnd.nextInt(6)) {
        case 0:
            equalNavigableMapsLeaf(m1.subMap(min, true, max, true),
                                   m2.subMap(min, true, max, true));
            break;
        case 1:
            equalNavigableMapsLeaf(m1.tailMap(min, true),
                                   m2.tailMap(min, true));
            break;
        case 2:
            equalNavigableMapsLeaf(m1.headMap(max, true),
                                   m2.headMap(max, true));
            break;
        case 3:
            equalNavigableMapsLeaf((NavigableMap) m1.subMap(min, max),
                                   (NavigableMap) m2.subMap(min, max));
            break;
        case 4:
            equalNavigableMapsLeaf((NavigableMap) m1.tailMap(min),
                                   (NavigableMap) m2.tailMap(min));
            break;
        case 5:
            equalNavigableMapsLeaf((NavigableMap) m1.headMap(max),
                                   (NavigableMap) m2.headMap(max));
            break;
        }
    }

    static abstract class MapFrobber { abstract void frob(NavigableMap m); }
    static abstract class SetFrobber { abstract void frob(NavigableSet m); }

    static MapFrobber randomAdder(NavigableMap m) {
        final Integer k = unusedKey(m);
        final MapFrobber[] randomAdders = {
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                equal(m.put(k, k+1), null);
                equal(m.get(k), k+1);
                if (maybe(4)) {
                    equal(m.put(k, k+1), k+1);
                    equal(m.get(k), k+1);}}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                m.descendingMap().put(k, k+1);
                equal(m.get(k), k+1);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                m.tailMap(k,true).headMap(k,true).put(k,k+1);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                m.tailMap(k,true).headMap(k,true).descendingMap().put(k,k+1);}}
        };
        return new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
            randomAdders[rnd.nextInt(randomAdders.length)].frob(m);
            if (maybe(2)) equal(m.get(k), k+1);
            if (maybe(4)) {
                equal(m.put(k, k+1), k+1);
                equal(m.get(k), k+1);}}};
    }

    static SetFrobber randomAdder(NavigableSet s) {
        final Integer e = unusedElt(s);
        final SetFrobber[] randomAdders = {
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                check(s.add(e));}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                s.descendingSet().add(e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                s.tailSet(e,true).headSet(e,true).add(e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                s.descendingSet().tailSet(e,true).headSet(e,true).add(e);}}
        };
        return new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
            if (maybe(2)) check(! s.contains(e));
            randomAdders[rnd.nextInt(randomAdders.length)].frob(s);
            if (maybe(2)) check(! s.add(e));
            if (maybe(2)) check(s.contains(e));}};
    }

    static Integer unusedElt(NavigableSet s) {
        Integer e;
        do { e = rnd.nextInt(1024); }
        while (s.contains(e));
        return e;
    }

    static Integer unusedKey(NavigableMap m) {
        Integer k;
        do { k = rnd.nextInt(1024); }
        while (m.containsKey(k));
        return k;
    }

    static Integer usedKey(NavigableMap m) {
        Integer x = rnd.nextInt(1024);
        Integer floor   = (Integer) m.floorKey(x);
        Integer ceiling = (Integer) m.ceilingKey(x);
        if (floor != null) return floor;
        check(ceiling != null);
        return ceiling;
    }

    static Integer usedElt(NavigableSet s) {
        Integer x = rnd.nextInt(1024);
        Integer floor   = (Integer) s.floor(x);
        Integer ceiling = (Integer) s.ceiling(x);
        if (floor != null) return floor;
        check(ceiling != null);
        return ceiling;
    }

    static void checkUnusedKey(NavigableMap m, Object k) {
        check(! m.containsKey(k));
        equal(m.get(k), null);
        if (maybe(2))
            equal(m.remove(k), null);
    }

    static void checkUnusedElt(NavigableSet s, Object e) {
        if (maybe(2))
            check(! s.contains(e));
        if (maybe(2)) {
            check(s.ceiling(e) != e);
            check(s.floor(e)   != e);
        }
        if (maybe(2))
            check(! s.remove(e));
    }

    static Fun remover(final Iterator it) {
        return new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }};
    }

    static MapFrobber randomRemover(NavigableMap m) {
        final Integer k = usedKey(m);
        final MapFrobber[] randomRemovers = {
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                Map.Entry e = m.firstEntry();
                equal(m.pollFirstEntry(), e);
                checkUnusedKey(m, e.getKey());}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                Map.Entry e = m.lastEntry();
                equal(m.pollLastEntry(), e);
                checkUnusedKey(m, e.getKey());}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                check(m.remove(k) != null);
                checkUnusedKey(m, k);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                m.subMap(k, true, k, true).clear();
                checkUnusedKey(m, k);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                m.descendingMap().subMap(k, true, k, true).clear();
                checkUnusedKey(m, k);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                final Iterator it = m.keySet().iterator();
                while (it.hasNext())
                    if (it.next().equals(k)) {
                        it.remove();
                        if (maybe(2))
                            THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                                   new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
                    }
                checkUnusedKey(m, k);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                final Iterator it = m.navigableKeySet().descendingIterator();
                while (it.hasNext())
                    if (it.next().equals(k)) {
                        it.remove();
                        if (maybe(2))
                            THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                                   new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
                    }
                checkUnusedKey(m, k);}},
            new MapFrobber() {void frob(NavigableMap m) {
                final Iterator<Map.Entry> it = m.entrySet().iterator();
                while (it.hasNext())
                    if (it.next().getKey().equals(k)) {
                        it.remove();
                        if (maybe(2))
                            THROWS(IllegalStateException.class, remover(it));
                    }
                checkUnusedKey(m, k);}},
        };

        return randomRemovers[rnd.nextInt(randomRemovers.length)];
    }

    static SetFrobber randomRemover(NavigableSet s) {
        final Integer e = usedElt(s);

        final SetFrobber[] randomRemovers = {
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                Object e = s.first();
                equal(s.pollFirst(), e);
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                Object e = s.last();
                equal(s.pollLast(), e);
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                check(s.remove(e));
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                s.subSet(e, true, e, true).clear();
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                s.descendingSet().subSet(e, true, e, true).clear();
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                final Iterator it = s.iterator();
                while (it.hasNext())
                    if (it.next().equals(e)) {
                        it.remove();
                        if (maybe(2))
                            THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                                   new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
                    }
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                final Iterator it = s.descendingSet().iterator();
                while (it.hasNext())
                    if (it.next().equals(e)) {
                        it.remove();
                        if (maybe(2))
                            THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                                   new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
                    }
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}},
            new SetFrobber() {void frob(NavigableSet s) {
                final Iterator it = s.descendingIterator();
                while (it.hasNext())
                    if (it.next().equals(e)) {
                        it.remove();
                        if (maybe(2))
                            THROWS(IllegalStateException.class,
                                   new Fun(){void f(){ it.remove(); }});
                    }
                checkUnusedElt(s, e);}}
        };

        return randomRemovers[rnd.nextInt(randomRemovers.length)];
    }

    static void lockStep(NavigableMap m1,
                         NavigableMap m2) {
        if (! (thorough || maybe(3))) return;
        if (maybe(4)) m1 = serialClone(m1);
        if (maybe(4)) m2 = serialClone(m2);

        List<NavigableMap> maps = Arrays.asList(m1, m2);
        for (NavigableMap m : maps) testEmptyMap(m);
        final Set<Integer> ints = new HashSet();
        while (ints.size() < size)
            ints.add(rnd.nextInt(1024));
        final Integer[] elts = ints.toArray(new Integer[size]);
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            MapFrobber adder = randomAdder(m1);
            for (final NavigableMap m : maps) {
                adder.frob(m);
                equal(m.size(), i+1);
            }
            equalNavigableMaps(m1, m2);
        }
        for (final NavigableMap m : maps) {
            final Object e = usedKey(m);
            THROWS(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                   new Fun(){void f(){m.subMap(e,true,e,false)
                                       .subMap(e,true,e,true);}},
                   new Fun(){void f(){m.subMap(e,false,e,true)
                                       .subMap(e,true,e,true);}},
                   new Fun(){void f(){m.tailMap(e,false).tailMap(e,true);}},
                   new Fun(){void f(){m.headMap(e,false).headMap(e,true);}});
        }
        //System.out.printf("%s%n", m1);
        for (int i = size; i > 0; i--) {
            MapFrobber remover = randomRemover(m1);
            for (final NavigableMap m : maps) {
                remover.frob(m);
                equal(m.size(), i-1);
            }
            equalNavigableMaps(m1, m2);
        }
        for (NavigableMap m : maps) testEmptyMap(m);
    }

    static void lockStep(NavigableSet s1,
                         NavigableSet s2) {
        if (! (thorough || maybe(3))) return;
        if (maybe(4)) s1 = serialClone(s1);
        if (maybe(4)) s2 = serialClone(s2);

        List<NavigableSet> sets = Arrays.asList(s1, s2);
        for (NavigableSet s : sets) testEmptySet(s);
        final Set<Integer> ints = new HashSet();
        while (ints.size() < size)
            ints.add(rnd.nextInt(1024));
        final Integer[] elts = ints.toArray(new Integer[size]);
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            SetFrobber adder = randomAdder(s1);
            for (final NavigableSet s : sets) {
                adder.frob(s);
                equal(s.size(), i+1);
            }
            equalNavigableSets(s1, s2);
        }
        for (final NavigableSet s : sets) {
            final Object e = usedElt(s);
            THROWS(IllegalArgumentException.class,
                   new Fun(){void f(){s.subSet(e,true,e,false)
                                       .subSet(e,true,e,true);}},
                   new Fun(){void f(){s.subSet(e,false,e,true)
                                       .subSet(e,true,e,true);}},
                   new Fun(){void f(){s.tailSet(e,false).tailSet(e,true);}},
                   new Fun(){void f(){s.headSet(e,false).headSet(e,true);}});
        }
        //System.out.printf("%s%n", s1);
        for (int i = size; i > 0; i--) {
            SetFrobber remover = randomRemover(s1);
            for (final NavigableSet s : sets) {
                remover.frob(s);
                equal(s.size(), i-1);
            }
            equalNavigableSets(s1, s2);
        }
        for (NavigableSet s : sets) testEmptySet(s);
    }

    //--------------------- Infrastructure ---------------------------
    static volatile int passed = 0, failed = 0;
    static void pass() { passed++; }
    static void fail() { failed++; Thread.dumpStack(); }
    static void fail(String msg) { System.out.println(msg); fail(); }
    static void unexpected(Throwable t) { failed++; t.printStackTrace(); }
    static void check(boolean cond) { if (cond) pass(); else fail(); }
    static void equal(Object x, Object y) {
        if (x == null ? y == null : x.equals(y)) pass();
        else {System.out.println(x + " not equal to " + y); fail();}}
    static void equal2(Object x, Object y) {equal(x, y); equal(y, x);}
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        try { realMain(args); } catch (Throwable t) { unexpected(t); }

        System.out.printf("%nPassed = %d, failed = %d%n%n", passed, failed);
        if (failed > 0) throw new Exception("Some tests failed");
    }
    static abstract class Fun {abstract void f() throws Throwable;}
    static void THROWS(Class<? extends Throwable> k, Fun... fs) {
          for (Fun f : fs)
              try { f.f(); fail("Expected " + k.getName() + " not thrown"); }
              catch (Throwable t) {
                  if (k.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass())) pass();
                  else unexpected(t);}}
    static byte[] serializedForm(Object obj) {
        try {
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            new ObjectOutputStream(baos).writeObject(obj);
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }}
    static Object readObject(byte[] bytes)
        throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        return new ObjectInputStream(is).readObject();}
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    static <T> T serialClone(T obj) {
        try { return (T) readObject(serializedForm(obj)); }
        catch (Error|RuntimeException e) { throw e; }
        catch (Throwable e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
    }
}

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