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Java example source code file (assembler_x86.cpp)

This example Java source code file (assembler_x86.cpp) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Learn more about this Java project at its project page.

Java - Java tags/keywords

address, avx2, instructionmark, lp64_only, not_lp64, relocationholder, vex_opcode_0f_38, vex_opcode_0f_3a, vex_simd_66, vex_simd_f2, vex_simd_f3, vex_simd_none, vm_version\:\:supports_avx2, xmmregister

The assembler_x86.cpp Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "asm/assembler.hpp"
#include "asm/assembler.inline.hpp"
#include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "memory/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
#include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"
#include "runtime/biasedLocking.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
#include "runtime/objectMonitor.hpp"
#include "runtime/os.hpp"
#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
#include "utilities/macros.hpp"
#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1SATBCardTableModRefBS.hpp"
#include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegion.hpp"
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

#ifdef PRODUCT
#define BLOCK_COMMENT(str) /* nothing */
#define STOP(error) stop(error)
#else
#define BLOCK_COMMENT(str) block_comment(str)
#define STOP(error) block_comment(error); stop(error)
#endif

#define BIND(label) bind(label); BLOCK_COMMENT(#label ":")
// Implementation of AddressLiteral

AddressLiteral::AddressLiteral(address target, relocInfo::relocType rtype) {
  _is_lval = false;
  _target = target;
  switch (rtype) {
  case relocInfo::oop_type:
  case relocInfo::metadata_type:
    // Oops are a special case. Normally they would be their own section
    // but in cases like icBuffer they are literals in the code stream that
    // we don't have a section for. We use none so that we get a literal address
    // which is always patchable.
    break;
  case relocInfo::external_word_type:
    _rspec = external_word_Relocation::spec(target);
    break;
  case relocInfo::internal_word_type:
    _rspec = internal_word_Relocation::spec(target);
    break;
  case relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type:
    _rspec = opt_virtual_call_Relocation::spec();
    break;
  case relocInfo::static_call_type:
    _rspec = static_call_Relocation::spec();
    break;
  case relocInfo::runtime_call_type:
    _rspec = runtime_call_Relocation::spec();
    break;
  case relocInfo::poll_type:
  case relocInfo::poll_return_type:
    _rspec = Relocation::spec_simple(rtype);
    break;
  case relocInfo::none:
    break;
  default:
    ShouldNotReachHere();
    break;
  }
}

// Implementation of Address

#ifdef _LP64

Address Address::make_array(ArrayAddress adr) {
  // Not implementable on 64bit machines
  // Should have been handled higher up the call chain.
  ShouldNotReachHere();
  return Address();
}

// exceedingly dangerous constructor
Address::Address(int disp, address loc, relocInfo::relocType rtype) {
  _base  = noreg;
  _index = noreg;
  _scale = no_scale;
  _disp  = disp;
  switch (rtype) {
    case relocInfo::external_word_type:
      _rspec = external_word_Relocation::spec(loc);
      break;
    case relocInfo::internal_word_type:
      _rspec = internal_word_Relocation::spec(loc);
      break;
    case relocInfo::runtime_call_type:
      // HMM
      _rspec = runtime_call_Relocation::spec();
      break;
    case relocInfo::poll_type:
    case relocInfo::poll_return_type:
      _rspec = Relocation::spec_simple(rtype);
      break;
    case relocInfo::none:
      break;
    default:
      ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
}
#else // LP64

Address Address::make_array(ArrayAddress adr) {
  AddressLiteral base = adr.base();
  Address index = adr.index();
  assert(index._disp == 0, "must not have disp"); // maybe it can?
  Address array(index._base, index._index, index._scale, (intptr_t) base.target());
  array._rspec = base._rspec;
  return array;
}

// exceedingly dangerous constructor
Address::Address(address loc, RelocationHolder spec) {
  _base  = noreg;
  _index = noreg;
  _scale = no_scale;
  _disp  = (intptr_t) loc;
  _rspec = spec;
}

#endif // _LP64



// Convert the raw encoding form into the form expected by the constructor for
// Address.  An index of 4 (rsp) corresponds to having no index, so convert
// that to noreg for the Address constructor.
Address Address::make_raw(int base, int index, int scale, int disp, relocInfo::relocType disp_reloc) {
  RelocationHolder rspec;
  if (disp_reloc != relocInfo::none) {
    rspec = Relocation::spec_simple(disp_reloc);
  }
  bool valid_index = index != rsp->encoding();
  if (valid_index) {
    Address madr(as_Register(base), as_Register(index), (Address::ScaleFactor)scale, in_ByteSize(disp));
    madr._rspec = rspec;
    return madr;
  } else {
    Address madr(as_Register(base), noreg, Address::no_scale, in_ByteSize(disp));
    madr._rspec = rspec;
    return madr;
  }
}

// Implementation of Assembler

int AbstractAssembler::code_fill_byte() {
  return (u_char)'\xF4'; // hlt
}

// make this go away someday
void Assembler::emit_data(jint data, relocInfo::relocType rtype, int format) {
  if (rtype == relocInfo::none)
        emit_int32(data);
  else  emit_data(data, Relocation::spec_simple(rtype), format);
}

void Assembler::emit_data(jint data, RelocationHolder const& rspec, int format) {
  assert(imm_operand == 0, "default format must be immediate in this file");
  assert(inst_mark() != NULL, "must be inside InstructionMark");
  if (rspec.type() !=  relocInfo::none) {
    #ifdef ASSERT
      check_relocation(rspec, format);
    #endif
    // Do not use AbstractAssembler::relocate, which is not intended for
    // embedded words.  Instead, relocate to the enclosing instruction.

    // hack. call32 is too wide for mask so use disp32
    if (format == call32_operand)
      code_section()->relocate(inst_mark(), rspec, disp32_operand);
    else
      code_section()->relocate(inst_mark(), rspec, format);
  }
  emit_int32(data);
}

static int encode(Register r) {
  int enc = r->encoding();
  if (enc >= 8) {
    enc -= 8;
  }
  return enc;
}

void Assembler::emit_arith_b(int op1, int op2, Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(dst->has_byte_register(), "must have byte register");
  assert(isByte(op1) && isByte(op2), "wrong opcode");
  assert(isByte(imm8), "not a byte");
  assert((op1 & 0x01) == 0, "should be 8bit operation");
  emit_int8(op1);
  emit_int8(op2 | encode(dst));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}


void Assembler::emit_arith(int op1, int op2, Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  assert(isByte(op1) && isByte(op2), "wrong opcode");
  assert((op1 & 0x01) == 1, "should be 32bit operation");
  assert((op1 & 0x02) == 0, "sign-extension bit should not be set");
  if (is8bit(imm32)) {
    emit_int8(op1 | 0x02); // set sign bit
    emit_int8(op2 | encode(dst));
    emit_int8(imm32 & 0xFF);
  } else {
    emit_int8(op1);
    emit_int8(op2 | encode(dst));
    emit_int32(imm32);
  }
}

// Force generation of a 4 byte immediate value even if it fits into 8bit
void Assembler::emit_arith_imm32(int op1, int op2, Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  assert(isByte(op1) && isByte(op2), "wrong opcode");
  assert((op1 & 0x01) == 1, "should be 32bit operation");
  assert((op1 & 0x02) == 0, "sign-extension bit should not be set");
  emit_int8(op1);
  emit_int8(op2 | encode(dst));
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

// immediate-to-memory forms
void Assembler::emit_arith_operand(int op1, Register rm, Address adr, int32_t imm32) {
  assert((op1 & 0x01) == 1, "should be 32bit operation");
  assert((op1 & 0x02) == 0, "sign-extension bit should not be set");
  if (is8bit(imm32)) {
    emit_int8(op1 | 0x02); // set sign bit
    emit_operand(rm, adr, 1);
    emit_int8(imm32 & 0xFF);
  } else {
    emit_int8(op1);
    emit_operand(rm, adr, 4);
    emit_int32(imm32);
  }
}


void Assembler::emit_arith(int op1, int op2, Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(isByte(op1) && isByte(op2), "wrong opcode");
  emit_int8(op1);
  emit_int8(op2 | encode(dst) << 3 | encode(src));
}


void Assembler::emit_operand(Register reg, Register base, Register index,
                             Address::ScaleFactor scale, int disp,
                             RelocationHolder const& rspec,
                             int rip_relative_correction) {
  relocInfo::relocType rtype = (relocInfo::relocType) rspec.type();

  // Encode the registers as needed in the fields they are used in

  int regenc = encode(reg) << 3;
  int indexenc = index->is_valid() ? encode(index) << 3 : 0;
  int baseenc = base->is_valid() ? encode(base) : 0;

  if (base->is_valid()) {
    if (index->is_valid()) {
      assert(scale != Address::no_scale, "inconsistent address");
      // [base + index*scale + disp]
      if (disp == 0 && rtype == relocInfo::none  &&
          base != rbp LP64_ONLY(&& base != r13)) {
        // [base + index*scale]
        // [00 reg 100][ss index base]
        assert(index != rsp, "illegal addressing mode");
        emit_int8(0x04 | regenc);
        emit_int8(scale << 6 | indexenc | baseenc);
      } else if (is8bit(disp) && rtype == relocInfo::none) {
        // [base + index*scale + imm8]
        // [01 reg 100][ss index base] imm8
        assert(index != rsp, "illegal addressing mode");
        emit_int8(0x44 | regenc);
        emit_int8(scale << 6 | indexenc | baseenc);
        emit_int8(disp & 0xFF);
      } else {
        // [base + index*scale + disp32]
        // [10 reg 100][ss index base] disp32
        assert(index != rsp, "illegal addressing mode");
        emit_int8(0x84 | regenc);
        emit_int8(scale << 6 | indexenc | baseenc);
        emit_data(disp, rspec, disp32_operand);
      }
    } else if (base == rsp LP64_ONLY(|| base == r12)) {
      // [rsp + disp]
      if (disp == 0 && rtype == relocInfo::none) {
        // [rsp]
        // [00 reg 100][00 100 100]
        emit_int8(0x04 | regenc);
        emit_int8(0x24);
      } else if (is8bit(disp) && rtype == relocInfo::none) {
        // [rsp + imm8]
        // [01 reg 100][00 100 100] disp8
        emit_int8(0x44 | regenc);
        emit_int8(0x24);
        emit_int8(disp & 0xFF);
      } else {
        // [rsp + imm32]
        // [10 reg 100][00 100 100] disp32
        emit_int8(0x84 | regenc);
        emit_int8(0x24);
        emit_data(disp, rspec, disp32_operand);
      }
    } else {
      // [base + disp]
      assert(base != rsp LP64_ONLY(&& base != r12), "illegal addressing mode");
      if (disp == 0 && rtype == relocInfo::none &&
          base != rbp LP64_ONLY(&& base != r13)) {
        // [base]
        // [00 reg base]
        emit_int8(0x00 | regenc | baseenc);
      } else if (is8bit(disp) && rtype == relocInfo::none) {
        // [base + disp8]
        // [01 reg base] disp8
        emit_int8(0x40 | regenc | baseenc);
        emit_int8(disp & 0xFF);
      } else {
        // [base + disp32]
        // [10 reg base] disp32
        emit_int8(0x80 | regenc | baseenc);
        emit_data(disp, rspec, disp32_operand);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (index->is_valid()) {
      assert(scale != Address::no_scale, "inconsistent address");
      // [index*scale + disp]
      // [00 reg 100][ss index 101] disp32
      assert(index != rsp, "illegal addressing mode");
      emit_int8(0x04 | regenc);
      emit_int8(scale << 6 | indexenc | 0x05);
      emit_data(disp, rspec, disp32_operand);
    } else if (rtype != relocInfo::none ) {
      // [disp] (64bit) RIP-RELATIVE (32bit) abs
      // [00 000 101] disp32

      emit_int8(0x05 | regenc);
      // Note that the RIP-rel. correction applies to the generated
      // disp field, but _not_ to the target address in the rspec.

      // disp was created by converting the target address minus the pc
      // at the start of the instruction. That needs more correction here.
      // intptr_t disp = target - next_ip;
      assert(inst_mark() != NULL, "must be inside InstructionMark");
      address next_ip = pc() + sizeof(int32_t) + rip_relative_correction;
      int64_t adjusted = disp;
      // Do rip-rel adjustment for 64bit
      LP64_ONLY(adjusted -=  (next_ip - inst_mark()));
      assert(is_simm32(adjusted),
             "must be 32bit offset (RIP relative address)");
      emit_data((int32_t) adjusted, rspec, disp32_operand);

    } else {
      // 32bit never did this, did everything as the rip-rel/disp code above
      // [disp] ABSOLUTE
      // [00 reg 100][00 100 101] disp32
      emit_int8(0x04 | regenc);
      emit_int8(0x25);
      emit_data(disp, rspec, disp32_operand);
    }
  }
}

void Assembler::emit_operand(XMMRegister reg, Register base, Register index,
                             Address::ScaleFactor scale, int disp,
                             RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  emit_operand((Register)reg, base, index, scale, disp, rspec);
}

// Secret local extension to Assembler::WhichOperand:
#define end_pc_operand (_WhichOperand_limit)

address Assembler::locate_operand(address inst, WhichOperand which) {
  // Decode the given instruction, and return the address of
  // an embedded 32-bit operand word.

  // If "which" is disp32_operand, selects the displacement portion
  // of an effective address specifier.
  // If "which" is imm64_operand, selects the trailing immediate constant.
  // If "which" is call32_operand, selects the displacement of a call or jump.
  // Caller is responsible for ensuring that there is such an operand,
  // and that it is 32/64 bits wide.

  // If "which" is end_pc_operand, find the end of the instruction.

  address ip = inst;
  bool is_64bit = false;

  debug_only(bool has_disp32 = false);
  int tail_size = 0; // other random bytes (#32, #16, etc.) at end of insn

  again_after_prefix:
  switch (0xFF & *ip++) {

  // These convenience macros generate groups of "case" labels for the switch.
#define REP4(x) (x)+0: case (x)+1: case (x)+2: case (x)+3
#define REP8(x) (x)+0: case (x)+1: case (x)+2: case (x)+3: \
             case (x)+4: case (x)+5: case (x)+6: case (x)+7
#define REP16(x) REP8((x)+0): \
              case REP8((x)+8)

  case CS_segment:
  case SS_segment:
  case DS_segment:
  case ES_segment:
  case FS_segment:
  case GS_segment:
    // Seems dubious
    LP64_ONLY(assert(false, "shouldn't have that prefix"));
    assert(ip == inst+1, "only one prefix allowed");
    goto again_after_prefix;

  case 0x67:
  case REX:
  case REX_B:
  case REX_X:
  case REX_XB:
  case REX_R:
  case REX_RB:
  case REX_RX:
  case REX_RXB:
    NOT_LP64(assert(false, "64bit prefixes"));
    goto again_after_prefix;

  case REX_W:
  case REX_WB:
  case REX_WX:
  case REX_WXB:
  case REX_WR:
  case REX_WRB:
  case REX_WRX:
  case REX_WRXB:
    NOT_LP64(assert(false, "64bit prefixes"));
    is_64bit = true;
    goto again_after_prefix;

  case 0xFF: // pushq a; decl a; incl a; call a; jmp a
  case 0x88: // movb a, r
  case 0x89: // movl a, r
  case 0x8A: // movb r, a
  case 0x8B: // movl r, a
  case 0x8F: // popl a
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
    break;

  case 0x68: // pushq #32
    if (which == end_pc_operand) {
      return ip + 4;
    }
    assert(which == imm_operand && !is_64bit, "pushl has no disp32 or 64bit immediate");
    return ip;                  // not produced by emit_operand

  case 0x66: // movw ... (size prefix)
    again_after_size_prefix2:
    switch (0xFF & *ip++) {
    case REX:
    case REX_B:
    case REX_X:
    case REX_XB:
    case REX_R:
    case REX_RB:
    case REX_RX:
    case REX_RXB:
    case REX_W:
    case REX_WB:
    case REX_WX:
    case REX_WXB:
    case REX_WR:
    case REX_WRB:
    case REX_WRX:
    case REX_WRXB:
      NOT_LP64(assert(false, "64bit prefix found"));
      goto again_after_size_prefix2;
    case 0x8B: // movw r, a
    case 0x89: // movw a, r
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
      break;
    case 0xC7: // movw a, #16
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
      tail_size = 2;  // the imm16
      break;
    case 0x0F: // several SSE/SSE2 variants
      ip--;    // reparse the 0x0F
      goto again_after_prefix;
    default:
      ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
    break;

  case REP8(0xB8): // movl/q r, #32/#64(oop?)
    if (which == end_pc_operand)  return ip + (is_64bit ? 8 : 4);
    // these asserts are somewhat nonsensical
#ifndef _LP64
    assert(which == imm_operand || which == disp32_operand,
           err_msg("which %d is_64_bit %d ip " INTPTR_FORMAT, which, is_64bit, ip));
#else
    assert((which == call32_operand || which == imm_operand) && is_64bit ||
           which == narrow_oop_operand && !is_64bit,
           err_msg("which %d is_64_bit %d ip " INTPTR_FORMAT, which, is_64bit, ip));
#endif // _LP64
    return ip;

  case 0x69: // imul r, a, #32
  case 0xC7: // movl a, #32(oop?)
    tail_size = 4;
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    break;

  case 0x0F: // movx..., etc.
    switch (0xFF & *ip++) {
    case 0x3A: // pcmpestri
      tail_size = 1;
    case 0x38: // ptest, pmovzxbw
      ip++; // skip opcode
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
      break;

    case 0x70: // pshufd r, r/a, #8
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    case 0x73: // psrldq r, #8
      tail_size = 1;
      break;

    case 0x12: // movlps
    case 0x28: // movaps
    case 0x2E: // ucomiss
    case 0x2F: // comiss
    case 0x54: // andps
    case 0x55: // andnps
    case 0x56: // orps
    case 0x57: // xorps
    case 0x6E: // movd
    case 0x7E: // movd
    case 0xAE: // ldmxcsr, stmxcsr, fxrstor, fxsave, clflush
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
      break;

    case 0xAD: // shrd r, a, %cl
    case 0xAF: // imul r, a
    case 0xBE: // movsbl r, a (movsxb)
    case 0xBF: // movswl r, a (movsxw)
    case 0xB6: // movzbl r, a (movzxb)
    case 0xB7: // movzwl r, a (movzxw)
    case REP16(0x40): // cmovl cc, r, a
    case 0xB0: // cmpxchgb
    case 0xB1: // cmpxchg
    case 0xC1: // xaddl
    case 0xC7: // cmpxchg8
    case REP16(0x90): // setcc a
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
      // fall out of the switch to decode the address
      break;

    case 0xC4: // pinsrw r, a, #8
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
    case 0xC5: // pextrw r, r, #8
      tail_size = 1;  // the imm8
      break;

    case 0xAC: // shrd r, a, #8
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
      tail_size = 1;  // the imm8
      break;

    case REP16(0x80): // jcc rdisp32
      if (which == end_pc_operand)  return ip + 4;
      assert(which == call32_operand, "jcc has no disp32 or imm");
      return ip;
    default:
      ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
    break;

  case 0x81: // addl a, #32; addl r, #32
    // also: orl, adcl, sbbl, andl, subl, xorl, cmpl
    // on 32bit in the case of cmpl, the imm might be an oop
    tail_size = 4;
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    break;

  case 0x83: // addl a, #8; addl r, #8
    // also: orl, adcl, sbbl, andl, subl, xorl, cmpl
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    tail_size = 1;
    break;

  case 0x9B:
    switch (0xFF & *ip++) {
    case 0xD9: // fnstcw a
      debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
      break;
    default:
      ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
    break;

  case REP4(0x00): // addb a, r; addl a, r; addb r, a; addl r, a
  case REP4(0x10): // adc...
  case REP4(0x20): // and...
  case REP4(0x30): // xor...
  case REP4(0x08): // or...
  case REP4(0x18): // sbb...
  case REP4(0x28): // sub...
  case 0xF7: // mull a
  case 0x8D: // lea r, a
  case 0x87: // xchg r, a
  case REP4(0x38): // cmp...
  case 0x85: // test r, a
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    break;

  case 0xC1: // sal a, #8; sar a, #8; shl a, #8; shr a, #8
  case 0xC6: // movb a, #8
  case 0x80: // cmpb a, #8
  case 0x6B: // imul r, a, #8
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    tail_size = 1; // the imm8
    break;

  case 0xC4: // VEX_3bytes
  case 0xC5: // VEX_2bytes
    assert((UseAVX > 0), "shouldn't have VEX prefix");
    assert(ip == inst+1, "no prefixes allowed");
    // C4 and C5 are also used as opcodes for PINSRW and PEXTRW instructions
    // but they have prefix 0x0F and processed when 0x0F processed above.
    //
    // In 32-bit mode the VEX first byte C4 and C5 alias onto LDS and LES
    // instructions (these instructions are not supported in 64-bit mode).
    // To distinguish them bits [7:6] are set in the VEX second byte since
    // ModRM byte can not be of the form 11xxxxxx in 32-bit mode. To set
    // those VEX bits REX and vvvv bits are inverted.
    //
    // Fortunately C2 doesn't generate these instructions so we don't need
    // to check for them in product version.

    // Check second byte
    NOT_LP64(assert((0xC0 & *ip) == 0xC0, "shouldn't have LDS and LES instructions"));

    // First byte
    if ((0xFF & *inst) == VEX_3bytes) {
      ip++; // third byte
      is_64bit = ((VEX_W & *ip) == VEX_W);
    }
    ip++; // opcode
    // To find the end of instruction (which == end_pc_operand).
    switch (0xFF & *ip) {
    case 0x61: // pcmpestri r, r/a, #8
    case 0x70: // pshufd r, r/a, #8
    case 0x73: // psrldq r, #8
      tail_size = 1;  // the imm8
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
    ip++; // skip opcode
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    break;

  case 0xD1: // sal a, 1; sar a, 1; shl a, 1; shr a, 1
  case 0xD3: // sal a, %cl; sar a, %cl; shl a, %cl; shr a, %cl
  case 0xD9: // fld_s a; fst_s a; fstp_s a; fldcw a
  case 0xDD: // fld_d a; fst_d a; fstp_d a
  case 0xDB: // fild_s a; fistp_s a; fld_x a; fstp_x a
  case 0xDF: // fild_d a; fistp_d a
  case 0xD8: // fadd_s a; fsubr_s a; fmul_s a; fdivr_s a; fcomp_s a
  case 0xDC: // fadd_d a; fsubr_d a; fmul_d a; fdivr_d a; fcomp_d a
  case 0xDE: // faddp_d a; fsubrp_d a; fmulp_d a; fdivrp_d a; fcompp_d a
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true);
    break;

  case 0xE8: // call rdisp32
  case 0xE9: // jmp  rdisp32
    if (which == end_pc_operand)  return ip + 4;
    assert(which == call32_operand, "call has no disp32 or imm");
    return ip;

  case 0xF0:                    // Lock
    assert(os::is_MP(), "only on MP");
    goto again_after_prefix;

  case 0xF3:                    // For SSE
  case 0xF2:                    // For SSE2
    switch (0xFF & *ip++) {
    case REX:
    case REX_B:
    case REX_X:
    case REX_XB:
    case REX_R:
    case REX_RB:
    case REX_RX:
    case REX_RXB:
    case REX_W:
    case REX_WB:
    case REX_WX:
    case REX_WXB:
    case REX_WR:
    case REX_WRB:
    case REX_WRX:
    case REX_WRXB:
      NOT_LP64(assert(false, "found 64bit prefix"));
      ip++;
    default:
      ip++;
    }
    debug_only(has_disp32 = true); // has both kinds of operands!
    break;

  default:
    ShouldNotReachHere();

#undef REP8
#undef REP16
  }

  assert(which != call32_operand, "instruction is not a call, jmp, or jcc");
#ifdef _LP64
  assert(which != imm_operand, "instruction is not a movq reg, imm64");
#else
  // assert(which != imm_operand || has_imm32, "instruction has no imm32 field");
  assert(which != imm_operand || has_disp32, "instruction has no imm32 field");
#endif // LP64
  assert(which != disp32_operand || has_disp32, "instruction has no disp32 field");

  // parse the output of emit_operand
  int op2 = 0xFF & *ip++;
  int base = op2 & 0x07;
  int op3 = -1;
  const int b100 = 4;
  const int b101 = 5;
  if (base == b100 && (op2 >> 6) != 3) {
    op3 = 0xFF & *ip++;
    base = op3 & 0x07;   // refetch the base
  }
  // now ip points at the disp (if any)

  switch (op2 >> 6) {
  case 0:
    // [00 reg  100][ss index base]
    // [00 reg  100][00   100  esp]
    // [00 reg base]
    // [00 reg  100][ss index  101][disp32]
    // [00 reg  101]               [disp32]

    if (base == b101) {
      if (which == disp32_operand)
        return ip;              // caller wants the disp32
      ip += 4;                  // skip the disp32
    }
    break;

  case 1:
    // [01 reg  100][ss index base][disp8]
    // [01 reg  100][00   100  esp][disp8]
    // [01 reg base]               [disp8]
    ip += 1;                    // skip the disp8
    break;

  case 2:
    // [10 reg  100][ss index base][disp32]
    // [10 reg  100][00   100  esp][disp32]
    // [10 reg base]               [disp32]
    if (which == disp32_operand)
      return ip;                // caller wants the disp32
    ip += 4;                    // skip the disp32
    break;

  case 3:
    // [11 reg base]  (not a memory addressing mode)
    break;
  }

  if (which == end_pc_operand) {
    return ip + tail_size;
  }

#ifdef _LP64
  assert(which == narrow_oop_operand && !is_64bit, "instruction is not a movl adr, imm32");
#else
  assert(which == imm_operand, "instruction has only an imm field");
#endif // LP64
  return ip;
}

address Assembler::locate_next_instruction(address inst) {
  // Secretly share code with locate_operand:
  return locate_operand(inst, end_pc_operand);
}


#ifdef ASSERT
void Assembler::check_relocation(RelocationHolder const& rspec, int format) {
  address inst = inst_mark();
  assert(inst != NULL && inst < pc(), "must point to beginning of instruction");
  address opnd;

  Relocation* r = rspec.reloc();
  if (r->type() == relocInfo::none) {
    return;
  } else if (r->is_call() || format == call32_operand) {
    // assert(format == imm32_operand, "cannot specify a nonzero format");
    opnd = locate_operand(inst, call32_operand);
  } else if (r->is_data()) {
    assert(format == imm_operand || format == disp32_operand
           LP64_ONLY(|| format == narrow_oop_operand), "format ok");
    opnd = locate_operand(inst, (WhichOperand)format);
  } else {
    assert(format == imm_operand, "cannot specify a format");
    return;
  }
  assert(opnd == pc(), "must put operand where relocs can find it");
}
#endif // ASSERT

void Assembler::emit_operand32(Register reg, Address adr) {
  assert(reg->encoding() < 8, "no extended registers");
  assert(!adr.base_needs_rex() && !adr.index_needs_rex(), "no extended registers");
  emit_operand(reg, adr._base, adr._index, adr._scale, adr._disp,
               adr._rspec);
}

void Assembler::emit_operand(Register reg, Address adr,
                             int rip_relative_correction) {
  emit_operand(reg, adr._base, adr._index, adr._scale, adr._disp,
               adr._rspec,
               rip_relative_correction);
}

void Assembler::emit_operand(XMMRegister reg, Address adr) {
  emit_operand(reg, adr._base, adr._index, adr._scale, adr._disp,
               adr._rspec);
}

// MMX operations
void Assembler::emit_operand(MMXRegister reg, Address adr) {
  assert(!adr.base_needs_rex() && !adr.index_needs_rex(), "no extended registers");
  emit_operand((Register)reg, adr._base, adr._index, adr._scale, adr._disp, adr._rspec);
}

// work around gcc (3.2.1-7a) bug
void Assembler::emit_operand(Address adr, MMXRegister reg) {
  assert(!adr.base_needs_rex() && !adr.index_needs_rex(), "no extended registers");
  emit_operand((Register)reg, adr._base, adr._index, adr._scale, adr._disp, adr._rspec);
}


void Assembler::emit_farith(int b1, int b2, int i) {
  assert(isByte(b1) && isByte(b2), "wrong opcode");
  assert(0 <= i &&  i < 8, "illegal stack offset");
  emit_int8(b1);
  emit_int8(b2 + i);
}


// Now the Assembler instructions (identical for 32/64 bits)

void Assembler::adcl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rdx, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::adcl(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x11);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::adcl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xD0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::adcl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x13);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::adcl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x13, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::addl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rax, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::addl(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x01);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::addl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xC0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::addl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x03);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::addl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x03, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::addr_nop_4() {
  assert(UseAddressNop, "no CPU support");
  // 4 bytes: NOP DWORD PTR [EAX+0]
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x1F);
  emit_int8(0x40); // emit_rm(cbuf, 0x1, EAX_enc, EAX_enc);
  emit_int8(0);    // 8-bits offset (1 byte)
}

void Assembler::addr_nop_5() {
  assert(UseAddressNop, "no CPU support");
  // 5 bytes: NOP DWORD PTR [EAX+EAX*0+0] 8-bits offset
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x1F);
  emit_int8(0x44); // emit_rm(cbuf, 0x1, EAX_enc, 0x4);
  emit_int8(0x00); // emit_rm(cbuf, 0x0, EAX_enc, EAX_enc);
  emit_int8(0);    // 8-bits offset (1 byte)
}

void Assembler::addr_nop_7() {
  assert(UseAddressNop, "no CPU support");
  // 7 bytes: NOP DWORD PTR [EAX+0] 32-bits offset
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x1F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x80);
                   // emit_rm(cbuf, 0x2, EAX_enc, EAX_enc);
  emit_int32(0);   // 32-bits offset (4 bytes)
}

void Assembler::addr_nop_8() {
  assert(UseAddressNop, "no CPU support");
  // 8 bytes: NOP DWORD PTR [EAX+EAX*0+0] 32-bits offset
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x1F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x84);
                   // emit_rm(cbuf, 0x2, EAX_enc, 0x4);
  emit_int8(0x00); // emit_rm(cbuf, 0x0, EAX_enc, EAX_enc);
  emit_int32(0);   // 32-bits offset (4 bytes)
}

void Assembler::addsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x58, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::addsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x58, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::addss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x58, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::addss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x58, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::aesdec(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDE);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::aesdec(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDE);
  emit_int8(0xC0 | encode);
}

void Assembler::aesdeclast(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDF);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::aesdeclast(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::aesenc(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::aesenc(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_int8(0xC0 | encode);
}

void Assembler::aesenclast(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::aesenclast(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_aes(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}


void Assembler::andl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rsp, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::andl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xE0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::andl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x23);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::andl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x23, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::bsfl(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBC);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::bsrl(Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(!VM_Version::supports_lzcnt(), "encoding is treated as LZCNT");
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::bswapl(Register reg) { // bswap
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(reg->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::call(Label& L, relocInfo::relocType rtype) {
  // suspect disp32 is always good
  int operand = LP64_ONLY(disp32_operand) NOT_LP64(imm_operand);

  if (L.is_bound()) {
    const int long_size = 5;
    int offs = (int)( target(L) - pc() );
    assert(offs <= 0, "assembler error");
    InstructionMark im(this);
    // 1110 1000 #32-bit disp
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE8);
    emit_data(offs - long_size, rtype, operand);
  } else {
    InstructionMark im(this);
    // 1110 1000 #32-bit disp
    L.add_patch_at(code(), locator());

    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE8);
    emit_data(int(0), rtype, operand);
  }
}

void Assembler::call(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD0 | encode));
}


void Assembler::call(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(adr);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rdx, adr);
}

void Assembler::call_literal(address entry, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  assert(entry != NULL, "call most probably wrong");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE8);
  intptr_t disp = entry - (pc() + sizeof(int32_t));
  assert(is_simm32(disp), "must be 32bit offset (call2)");
  // Technically, should use call32_operand, but this format is
  // implied by the fact that we're emitting a call instruction.

  int operand = LP64_ONLY(disp32_operand) NOT_LP64(call32_operand);
  emit_data((int) disp, rspec, operand);
}

void Assembler::cdql() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x99);
}

void Assembler::cld() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFC);
}

void Assembler::cmovl(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src) {
  NOT_LP64(guarantee(VM_Version::supports_cmov(), "illegal instruction"));
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x40 | cc);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}


void Assembler::cmovl(Condition cc, Register dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(guarantee(VM_Version::supports_cmov(), "illegal instruction"));
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x40 | cc);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cmpb(Address dst, int imm8) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x80);
  emit_operand(rdi, dst, 1);
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::cmpl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rdi, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::cmpl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xF8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::cmpl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x3B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}


void Assembler::cmpl(Register dst, Address  src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x3B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cmpw(Address dst, int imm16) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  assert(!dst.base_needs_rex() && !dst.index_needs_rex(), "no extended registers");
  emit_int8(0x66);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rdi, dst, 2);
  emit_int16(imm16);
}

// The 32-bit cmpxchg compares the value at adr with the contents of rax,
// and stores reg into adr if so; otherwise, the value at adr is loaded into rax,.
// The ZF is set if the compared values were equal, and cleared otherwise.
void Assembler::cmpxchgl(Register reg, Address adr) { // cmpxchg
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(adr, reg);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB1);
  emit_operand(reg, adr);
}

void Assembler::comisd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  // NOTE: dbx seems to decode this as comiss even though the
  // 0x66 is there. Strangly ucomisd comes out correct
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::comisd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::comiss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::comiss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::cpuid() {
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xA2);
}

void Assembler::cvtdq2pd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0xE6, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::cvtdq2ps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x5B, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::cvtsd2ss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5A, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::cvtsd2ss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5A, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2sdl(XMMRegister dst, Register src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x2A);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2sdl(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x2A, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2ssl(XMMRegister dst, Register src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x2A);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2ssl(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x2A, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::cvtss2sd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5A, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::cvtss2sd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5A, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}


void Assembler::cvttsd2sil(Register dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x2C);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cvttss2sil(Register dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x2C);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::decl(Address dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::decrement() instead.
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rcx, dst);
}

void Assembler::divsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::divsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::divss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::divss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::emms() {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_mmx(), ""));
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x77);
}

void Assembler::hlt() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF4);
}

void Assembler::idivl(Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::divl(Register src) { // Unsigned
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::imull(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}


void Assembler::imull(Register dst, Register src, int value) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  if (is8bit(value)) {
    emit_int8(0x6B);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
    emit_int8(value & 0xFF);
  } else {
    emit_int8(0x69);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
    emit_int32(value);
  }
}

void Assembler::imull(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char) 0xAF);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}


void Assembler::incl(Address dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::increment() instead.
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rax, dst);
}

void Assembler::jcc(Condition cc, Label& L, bool maybe_short) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  assert((0 <= cc) && (cc < 16), "illegal cc");
  if (L.is_bound()) {
    address dst = target(L);
    assert(dst != NULL, "jcc most probably wrong");

    const int short_size = 2;
    const int long_size = 6;
    intptr_t offs = (intptr_t)dst - (intptr_t)pc();
    if (maybe_short && is8bit(offs - short_size)) {
      // 0111 tttn #8-bit disp
      emit_int8(0x70 | cc);
      emit_int8((offs - short_size) & 0xFF);
    } else {
      // 0000 1111 1000 tttn #32-bit disp
      assert(is_simm32(offs - long_size),
             "must be 32bit offset (call4)");
      emit_int8(0x0F);
      emit_int8((unsigned char)(0x80 | cc));
      emit_int32(offs - long_size);
    }
  } else {
    // Note: could eliminate cond. jumps to this jump if condition
    //       is the same however, seems to be rather unlikely case.
    // Note: use jccb() if label to be bound is very close to get
    //       an 8-bit displacement
    L.add_patch_at(code(), locator());
    emit_int8(0x0F);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0x80 | cc));
    emit_int32(0);
  }
}

void Assembler::jccb(Condition cc, Label& L) {
  if (L.is_bound()) {
    const int short_size = 2;
    address entry = target(L);
#ifdef ASSERT
    intptr_t dist = (intptr_t)entry - ((intptr_t)pc() + short_size);
    intptr_t delta = short_branch_delta();
    if (delta != 0) {
      dist += (dist < 0 ? (-delta) :delta);
    }
    assert(is8bit(dist), "Dispacement too large for a short jmp");
#endif
    intptr_t offs = (intptr_t)entry - (intptr_t)pc();
    // 0111 tttn #8-bit disp
    emit_int8(0x70 | cc);
    emit_int8((offs - short_size) & 0xFF);
  } else {
    InstructionMark im(this);
    L.add_patch_at(code(), locator());
    emit_int8(0x70 | cc);
    emit_int8(0);
  }
}

void Assembler::jmp(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(adr);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rsp, adr);
}

void Assembler::jmp(Label& L, bool maybe_short) {
  if (L.is_bound()) {
    address entry = target(L);
    assert(entry != NULL, "jmp most probably wrong");
    InstructionMark im(this);
    const int short_size = 2;
    const int long_size = 5;
    intptr_t offs = entry - pc();
    if (maybe_short && is8bit(offs - short_size)) {
      emit_int8((unsigned char)0xEB);
      emit_int8((offs - short_size) & 0xFF);
    } else {
      emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE9);
      emit_int32(offs - long_size);
    }
  } else {
    // By default, forward jumps are always 32-bit displacements, since
    // we can't yet know where the label will be bound.  If you're sure that
    // the forward jump will not run beyond 256 bytes, use jmpb to
    // force an 8-bit displacement.
    InstructionMark im(this);
    L.add_patch_at(code(), locator());
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE9);
    emit_int32(0);
  }
}

void Assembler::jmp(Register entry) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(entry->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::jmp_literal(address dest, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE9);
  assert(dest != NULL, "must have a target");
  intptr_t disp = dest - (pc() + sizeof(int32_t));
  assert(is_simm32(disp), "must be 32bit offset (jmp)");
  emit_data(disp, rspec.reloc(), call32_operand);
}

void Assembler::jmpb(Label& L) {
  if (L.is_bound()) {
    const int short_size = 2;
    address entry = target(L);
    assert(entry != NULL, "jmp most probably wrong");
#ifdef ASSERT
    intptr_t dist = (intptr_t)entry - ((intptr_t)pc() + short_size);
    intptr_t delta = short_branch_delta();
    if (delta != 0) {
      dist += (dist < 0 ? (-delta) :delta);
    }
    assert(is8bit(dist), "Dispacement too large for a short jmp");
#endif
    intptr_t offs = entry - pc();
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xEB);
    emit_int8((offs - short_size) & 0xFF);
  } else {
    InstructionMark im(this);
    L.add_patch_at(code(), locator());
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xEB);
    emit_int8(0);
  }
}

void Assembler::ldmxcsr( Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_operand(as_Register(2), src);
}

void Assembler::leal(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
#ifdef _LP64
  emit_int8(0x67); // addr32
  prefix(src, dst);
#endif // LP64
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8D);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::lfence() {
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE8);
}

void Assembler::lock() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF0);
}

void Assembler::lzcntl(Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_lzcnt(), "encoding is treated as BSR");
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

// Emit mfence instruction
void Assembler::mfence() {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), "unsupported");)
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF0);
}

void Assembler::mov(Register dst, Register src) {
  LP64_ONLY(movq(dst, src)) NOT_LP64(movl(dst, src));
}

void Assembler::movapd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x28, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::movaps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x28, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::movlhps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, src, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
  emit_int8(0x16);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movb(Register dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(dst->has_byte_register(), "must have byte register"));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst, true);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8A);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}


void Assembler::movb(Address dst, int imm8) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
   prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC6);
  emit_operand(rax, dst, 1);
  emit_int8(imm8);
}


void Assembler::movb(Address dst, Register src) {
  assert(src->has_byte_register(), "must have byte register");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst, src, true);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x88);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movdl(XMMRegister dst, Register src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x6E);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movdl(Register dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // swap src/dst to get correct prefix
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(src, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x7E);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movdl(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x6E);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movdl(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x7E);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movdqa(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x6F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::movdqa(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x6F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::movdqu(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x6F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::movdqu(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x6F, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::movdqu(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x7F);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

// Move Unaligned 256bit Vector
void Assembler::vmovdqu(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(UseAVX, "");
  bool vector256 = true;
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x6F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::vmovdqu(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(UseAVX, "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  vex_prefix(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x6F);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::vmovdqu(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(UseAVX, "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  // swap src<->dst for encoding
  assert(src != xnoreg, "sanity");
  vex_prefix(src, xnoreg, dst, VEX_SIMD_F3, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x7F);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

// Uses zero extension on 64bit

void Assembler::movl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xB8 | encode));
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::movl(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8B);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC7);
  emit_operand(rax, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::movl(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst, src);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x89);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

// New cpus require to use movsd and movss to avoid partial register stall
// when loading from memory. But for old Opteron use movlpd instead of movsd.
// The selection is done in MacroAssembler::movdbl() and movflt().
void Assembler::movlpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x12, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::movq( MMXRegister dst, Address src ) {
  assert( VM_Version::supports_mmx(), "" );
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x6F);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movq( Address dst, MMXRegister src ) {
  assert( VM_Version::supports_mmx(), "" );
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x7F);
  // workaround gcc (3.2.1-7a) bug
  // In that version of gcc with only an emit_operand(MMX, Address)
  // gcc will tail jump and try and reverse the parameters completely
  // obliterating dst in the process. By having a version available
  // that doesn't need to swap the args at the tail jump the bug is
  // avoided.
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movq(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x7E);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movq(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD6);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movsbl(Register dst, Address src) { // movsxb
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBE);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movsbl(Register dst, Register src) { // movsxb
  NOT_LP64(assert(src->has_byte_register(), "must have byte register"));
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding(), true);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBE);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x10, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::movsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x10, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::movsd(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x11);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x10, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::movss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x10, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::movss(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x11);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movswl(Register dst, Address src) { // movsxw
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBF);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movswl(Register dst, Register src) { // movsxw
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movw(Address dst, int imm16) {
  InstructionMark im(this);

  emit_int8(0x66); // switch to 16-bit mode
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC7);
  emit_operand(rax, dst, 2);
  emit_int16(imm16);
}

void Assembler::movw(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8(0x66);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movw(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8(0x66);
  prefix(dst, src);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x89);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movzbl(Register dst, Address src) { // movzxb
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB6);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movzbl(Register dst, Register src) { // movzxb
  NOT_LP64(assert(src->has_byte_register(), "must have byte register"));
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding(), true);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB6);
  emit_int8(0xC0 | encode);
}

void Assembler::movzwl(Register dst, Address src) { // movzxw
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB7);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movzwl(Register dst, Register src) { // movzxw
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB7);
  emit_int8(0xC0 | encode);
}

void Assembler::mull(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_operand(rsp, src);
}

void Assembler::mull(Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::mulsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x59, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::mulsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x59, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::mulss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x59, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::mulss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x59, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::negl(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::nop(int i) {
#ifdef ASSERT
  assert(i > 0, " ");
  // The fancy nops aren't currently recognized by debuggers making it a
  // pain to disassemble code while debugging. If asserts are on clearly
  // speed is not an issue so simply use the single byte traditional nop
  // to do alignment.

  for (; i > 0 ; i--) emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
  return;

#endif // ASSERT

  if (UseAddressNop && VM_Version::is_intel()) {
    //
    // Using multi-bytes nops "0x0F 0x1F [address]" for Intel
    //  1: 0x90
    //  2: 0x66 0x90
    //  3: 0x66 0x66 0x90 (don't use "0x0F 0x1F 0x00" - need patching safe padding)
    //  4: 0x0F 0x1F 0x40 0x00
    //  5: 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00
    //  6: 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00
    //  7: 0x0F 0x1F 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    //  8: 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    //  9: 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    // 10: 0x66 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    // 11: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

    // The rest coding is Intel specific - don't use consecutive address nops

    // 12: 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90
    // 13: 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90
    // 14: 0x66 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90
    // 15: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90

    while(i >= 15) {
      // For Intel don't generate consecutive addess nops (mix with regular nops)
      i -= 15;
      emit_int8(0x66);   // size prefix
      emit_int8(0x66);   // size prefix
      emit_int8(0x66);   // size prefix
      addr_nop_8();
      emit_int8(0x66);   // size prefix
      emit_int8(0x66);   // size prefix
      emit_int8(0x66);   // size prefix
      emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
                         // nop
    }
    switch (i) {
      case 14:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 13:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 12:
        addr_nop_8();
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
        emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
                         // nop
        break;
      case 11:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 10:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 9:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 8:
        addr_nop_8();
        break;
      case 7:
        addr_nop_7();
        break;
      case 6:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 5:
        addr_nop_5();
        break;
      case 4:
        addr_nop_4();
        break;
      case 3:
        // Don't use "0x0F 0x1F 0x00" - need patching safe padding
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 2:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 1:
        emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
                         // nop
        break;
      default:
        assert(i == 0, " ");
    }
    return;
  }
  if (UseAddressNop && VM_Version::is_amd()) {
    //
    // Using multi-bytes nops "0x0F 0x1F [address]" for AMD.
    //  1: 0x90
    //  2: 0x66 0x90
    //  3: 0x66 0x66 0x90 (don't use "0x0F 0x1F 0x00" - need patching safe padding)
    //  4: 0x0F 0x1F 0x40 0x00
    //  5: 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00
    //  6: 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00
    //  7: 0x0F 0x1F 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    //  8: 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    //  9: 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    // 10: 0x66 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    // 11: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

    // The rest coding is AMD specific - use consecutive address nops

    // 12: 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00
    // 13: 0x0F 0x1F 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x66 0x0F 0x1F 0x44 0x00 0x00
    // 14: 0x0F 0x1F 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0F 0x1F 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    // 15: 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0F 0x1F 0x80 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    // 16: 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0F 0x1F 0x84 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
    //     Size prefixes (0x66) are added for larger sizes

    while(i >= 22) {
      i -= 11;
      emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      addr_nop_8();
    }
    // Generate first nop for size between 21-12
    switch (i) {
      case 21:
        i -= 1;
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 20:
      case 19:
        i -= 1;
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 18:
      case 17:
        i -= 1;
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 16:
      case 15:
        i -= 8;
        addr_nop_8();
        break;
      case 14:
      case 13:
        i -= 7;
        addr_nop_7();
        break;
      case 12:
        i -= 6;
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
        addr_nop_5();
        break;
      default:
        assert(i < 12, " ");
    }

    // Generate second nop for size between 11-1
    switch (i) {
      case 11:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 10:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 9:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 8:
        addr_nop_8();
        break;
      case 7:
        addr_nop_7();
        break;
      case 6:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 5:
        addr_nop_5();
        break;
      case 4:
        addr_nop_4();
        break;
      case 3:
        // Don't use "0x0F 0x1F 0x00" - need patching safe padding
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 2:
        emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
      case 1:
        emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
                         // nop
        break;
      default:
        assert(i == 0, " ");
    }
    return;
  }

  // Using nops with size prefixes "0x66 0x90".
  // From AMD Optimization Guide:
  //  1: 0x90
  //  2: 0x66 0x90
  //  3: 0x66 0x66 0x90
  //  4: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90
  //  5: 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x90
  //  6: 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x90
  //  7: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x90
  //  8: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90
  //  9: 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x90
  // 10: 0x66 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x90 0x66 0x66 0x90
  //
  while(i > 12) {
    i -= 4;
    emit_int8(0x66); // size prefix
    emit_int8(0x66);
    emit_int8(0x66);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
                     // nop
  }
  // 1 - 12 nops
  if(i > 8) {
    if(i > 9) {
      i -= 1;
      emit_int8(0x66);
    }
    i -= 3;
    emit_int8(0x66);
    emit_int8(0x66);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
  }
  // 1 - 8 nops
  if(i > 4) {
    if(i > 6) {
      i -= 1;
      emit_int8(0x66);
    }
    i -= 3;
    emit_int8(0x66);
    emit_int8(0x66);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
  }
  switch (i) {
    case 4:
      emit_int8(0x66);
    case 3:
      emit_int8(0x66);
    case 2:
      emit_int8(0x66);
    case 1:
      emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90);
      break;
    default:
      assert(i == 0, " ");
  }
}

void Assembler::notl(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::orl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rcx, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::orl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xC8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::orl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::orl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x0B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::packuswb(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  assert((UseAVX > 0), "SSE mode requires address alignment 16 bytes");
  emit_simd_arith(0x67, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::packuswb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x67, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpackuswb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0x67, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpermq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int imm8, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, true, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x00);
  emit_int8(0xC0 | encode);
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pcmpestri(XMMRegister dst, Address src, int imm8) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_2(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A);
  emit_int8(0x61);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pcmpestri(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int imm8) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_2(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A);
  emit_int8(0x61);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pextrd(Register dst, XMMRegister src, int imm8) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(as_XMMRegister(dst->encoding()), xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, false);
  emit_int8(0x16);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pextrq(Register dst, XMMRegister src, int imm8) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(as_XMMRegister(dst->encoding()), xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, true);
  emit_int8(0x16);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pinsrd(XMMRegister dst, Register src, int imm8) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, as_XMMRegister(src->encoding()), VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, false);
  emit_int8(0x22);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pinsrq(XMMRegister dst, Register src, int imm8) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, as_XMMRegister(src->encoding()), VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, true);
  emit_int8(0x22);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::pmovzxbw(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x30);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::pmovzxbw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x30);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

// generic
void Assembler::pop(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x58 | encode);
}

void Assembler::popcntl(Register dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_popcnt(), "must support");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB8);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::popcntl(Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_popcnt(), "must support");
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB8);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::popf() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x9D);
}

#ifndef _LP64 // no 32bit push/pop on amd64
void Assembler::popl(Address dst) {
  // NOTE: this will adjust stack by 8byte on 64bits
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8F);
  emit_operand(rax, dst);
}
#endif

void Assembler::prefetch_prefix(Address src) {
  prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
}

void Assembler::prefetchnta(Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), "must support"));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefetch_prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x18);
  emit_operand(rax, src); // 0, src
}

void Assembler::prefetchr(Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_3dnow_prefetch(), "must support");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefetch_prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x0D);
  emit_operand(rax, src); // 0, src
}

void Assembler::prefetcht0(Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), "must support"));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefetch_prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x18);
  emit_operand(rcx, src); // 1, src
}

void Assembler::prefetcht1(Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), "must support"));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefetch_prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x18);
  emit_operand(rdx, src); // 2, src
}

void Assembler::prefetcht2(Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), "must support"));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefetch_prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x18);
  emit_operand(rbx, src); // 3, src
}

void Assembler::prefetchw(Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_3dnow_prefetch(), "must support");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefetch_prefix(src);
  emit_int8(0x0D);
  emit_operand(rcx, src); // 1, src
}

void Assembler::prefix(Prefix p) {
  emit_int8(p);
}

void Assembler::pshufb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_ssse3(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x00);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::pshufb(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_ssse3(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x00);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::pshufd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int mode) {
  assert(isByte(mode), "invalid value");
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x70, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(mode & 0xFF);

}

void Assembler::pshufd(XMMRegister dst, Address src, int mode) {
  assert(isByte(mode), "invalid value");
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  assert((UseAVX > 0), "SSE mode requires address alignment 16 bytes");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x70);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
  emit_int8(mode & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::pshuflw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int mode) {
  assert(isByte(mode), "invalid value");
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x70, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(mode & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::pshuflw(XMMRegister dst, Address src, int mode) {
  assert(isByte(mode), "invalid value");
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  assert((UseAVX > 0), "SSE mode requires address alignment 16 bytes");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x70);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
  emit_int8(mode & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psrldq(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  // Shift 128 bit value in xmm register by number of bytes.
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm3, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x73);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift);
}

void Assembler::ptest(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  assert((UseAVX > 0), "SSE mode requires address alignment 16 bytes");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x17);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::ptest(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x17);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::vptest(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  assert(dst != xnoreg, "sanity");
  int dst_enc = dst->encoding();
  // swap src<->dst for encoding
  vex_prefix(src, 0, dst_enc, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38, false, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x17);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::vptest(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  bool vector256 = true;
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x17);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::punpcklbw(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  assert((UseAVX > 0), "SSE mode requires address alignment 16 bytes");
  emit_simd_arith(0x60, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::punpcklbw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x60, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::punpckldq(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  assert((UseAVX > 0), "SSE mode requires address alignment 16 bytes");
  emit_simd_arith(0x62, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::punpckldq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x62, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::punpcklqdq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x6C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::push(int32_t imm32) {
  // in 64bits we push 64bits onto the stack but only
  // take a 32bit immediate
  emit_int8(0x68);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::push(Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(src->encoding());

  emit_int8(0x50 | encode);
}

void Assembler::pushf() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x9C);
}

#ifndef _LP64 // no 32bit push/pop on amd64
void Assembler::pushl(Address src) {
  // Note this will push 64bit on 64bit
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rsi, src);
}
#endif

void Assembler::rcll(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  if (imm8 == 1) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD0 | encode));
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD0 | encode);
    emit_int8(imm8);
  }
}

// copies data from [esi] to [edi] using rcx pointer sized words
// generic
void Assembler::rep_mov() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  // MOVSQ
  LP64_ONLY(prefix(REX_W));
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xA5);
}

// sets rcx bytes with rax, value at [edi]
void Assembler::rep_stosb() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3); // REP
  LP64_ONLY(prefix(REX_W));
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAA); // STOSB
}

// sets rcx pointer sized words with rax, value at [edi]
// generic
void Assembler::rep_stos() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3); // REP
  LP64_ONLY(prefix(REX_W));       // LP64:STOSQ, LP32:STOSD
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAB);
}

// scans rcx pointer sized words at [edi] for occurance of rax,
// generic
void Assembler::repne_scan() { // repne_scan
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF2);
  // SCASQ
  LP64_ONLY(prefix(REX_W));
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAF);
}

#ifdef _LP64
// scans rcx 4 byte words at [edi] for occurance of rax,
// generic
void Assembler::repne_scanl() { // repne_scan
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF2);
  // SCASL
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAF);
}
#endif

void Assembler::ret(int imm16) {
  if (imm16 == 0) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC3);
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC2);
    emit_int16(imm16);
  }
}

void Assembler::sahf() {
#ifdef _LP64
  // Not supported in 64bit mode
  ShouldNotReachHere();
#endif
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x9E);
}

void Assembler::sarl(Register dst, int imm8) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8), "illegal shift count");
  if (imm8 == 1) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
    emit_int8(imm8);
  }
}

void Assembler::sarl(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD3);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::sbbl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rbx, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::sbbl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xD8, dst, imm32);
}


void Assembler::sbbl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x1B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::sbbl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x1B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::setb(Condition cc, Register dst) {
  assert(0 <= cc && cc < 16, "illegal cc");
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), true);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x90 | cc);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::shll(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  if (imm8 == 1 ) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
    emit_int8(imm8);
  }
}

void Assembler::shll(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD3);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::shrl(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE8 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::shrl(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD3);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE8 | encode));
}

// copies a single word from [esi] to [edi]
void Assembler::smovl() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xA5);
}

void Assembler::sqrtsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x51, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::sqrtsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x51, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::sqrtss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x51, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::std() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFD);
}

void Assembler::sqrtss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x51, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::stmxcsr( Address dst) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_operand(as_Register(3), dst);
}

void Assembler::subl(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rbp, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::subl(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x29);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::subl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xE8, dst, imm32);
}

// Force generation of a 4 byte immediate value even if it fits into 8bit
void Assembler::subl_imm32(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith_imm32(0x81, 0xE8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::subl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x2B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::subl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x2B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::subsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::subsd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
}

void Assembler::subss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::subss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
}

void Assembler::testb(Register dst, int imm8) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(dst->has_byte_register(), "must have byte register"));
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), true);
  emit_arith_b(0xF6, 0xC0, dst, imm8);
}

void Assembler::testl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  // not using emit_arith because test
  // doesn't support sign-extension of
  // 8bit operands
  int encode = dst->encoding();
  if (encode == 0) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xA9);
  } else {
    encode = prefix_and_encode(encode);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  }
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::testl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x85, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::testl(Register dst, Address  src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x85);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::ucomisd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::ucomiss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith_nonds(0x2E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}


void Assembler::xaddl(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::xchgl(Register dst, Address src) { // xchg
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x87);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::xchgl(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x87);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::xgetbv() {
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x01);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD0);
}

void Assembler::xorl(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  prefix(dst);
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xF0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::xorl(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x33);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::xorl(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x33, 0xC0, dst, src);
}


// AVX 3-operands scalar float-point arithmetic instructions

void Assembler::vaddsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vaddsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vaddss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vaddss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vdivsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vdivsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vdivss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vdivss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vmulsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vmulsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vmulss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vmulss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vsubsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vsubsd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F2, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vsubss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

void Assembler::vsubss(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_F3, /* vector256 */ false);
}

//====================VECTOR ARITHMETIC=====================================

// Float-point vector arithmetic

void Assembler::addpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x58, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::addps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x58, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::vaddpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vaddps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vaddpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vaddps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x58, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::subpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::subps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5C, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::vsubpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vsubps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vsubpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vsubps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5C, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::mulpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x59, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::mulps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x59, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::vmulpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vmulps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vmulpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vmulps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x59, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::divpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::divps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x5E, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::vdivpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vdivps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vdivpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vdivps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x5E, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::andpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x54, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::andps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x54, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::andps(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x54, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::andpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x54, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vandpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x54, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vandps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x54, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vandpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x54, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vandps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x54, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::xorpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x57, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::xorps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x57, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::xorpd(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x57, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::xorps(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0x57, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
}

void Assembler::vxorpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x57, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vxorps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x57, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vxorpd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x57, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vxorps(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  emit_vex_arith(0x57, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_NONE, vector256);
}


// Integer vector arithmetic
void Assembler::paddb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xFC, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::paddw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xFD, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::paddd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xFE, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::paddq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xD4, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpaddb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFC, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFD, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFE, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD4, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFC, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFD, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFE, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpaddq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD4, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::psubb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xF8, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psubw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xF9, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psubd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xFA, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psubq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xFB, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpsubb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF8, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF9, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFA, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFB, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubb(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF8, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF9, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFA, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsubq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xFB, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::pmullw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xD5, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::pmulld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_sse4_1(), "");
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x40);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::vpmullw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD5, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpmulld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x40);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::vpmullw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD5, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpmulld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int dst_enc = dst->encoding();
  int nds_enc = nds->is_valid() ? nds->encoding() : 0;
  vex_prefix(src, nds_enc, dst_enc, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38, false, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x40);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

// Shift packed integers left by specified number of bits.
void Assembler::psllw(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM6 is for /6 encoding: 66 0F 71 /6 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm6, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x71);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::pslld(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM6 is for /6 encoding: 66 0F 72 /6 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm6, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x72);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psllq(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM6 is for /6 encoding: 66 0F 73 /6 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm6, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x73);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psllw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xF1, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::pslld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xF2, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psllq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xF3, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpsllw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM6 is for /6 encoding: 66 0F 71 /6 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x71, xmm6, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpslld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM6 is for /6 encoding: 66 0F 72 /6 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x72, xmm6, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsllq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM6 is for /6 encoding: 66 0F 73 /6 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x73, xmm6, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsllw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF1, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpslld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF2, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsllq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xF3, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

// Shift packed integers logically right by specified number of bits.
void Assembler::psrlw(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM2 is for /2 encoding: 66 0F 71 /2 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm2, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x71);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psrld(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM2 is for /2 encoding: 66 0F 72 /2 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm2, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x72);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psrlq(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  // Do not confuse it with psrldq SSE2 instruction which
  // shifts 128 bit value in xmm register by number of bytes.
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM2 is for /2 encoding: 66 0F 73 /2 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm2, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x73);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psrlw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xD1, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psrld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xD2, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psrlq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xD3, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpsrlw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM2 is for /2 encoding: 66 0F 73 /2 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x71, xmm2, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsrld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM2 is for /2 encoding: 66 0F 73 /2 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x72, xmm2, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsrlq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM2 is for /2 encoding: 66 0F 73 /2 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x73, xmm2, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsrlw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD1, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsrld(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD2, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsrlq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xD3, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

// Shift packed integers arithmetically right by specified number of bits.
void Assembler::psraw(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM4 is for /4 encoding: 66 0F 71 /4 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm4, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x71);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psrad(XMMRegister dst, int shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // XMM4 is for /4 encoding: 66 0F 72 /4 ib
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(xmm4, dst, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x72);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::psraw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xE1, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::psrad(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister shift) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xE2, dst, shift, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpsraw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM4 is for /4 encoding: 66 0F 71 /4 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x71, xmm4, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsrad(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, int shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  // XMM4 is for /4 encoding: 66 0F 71 /4 ib
  emit_vex_arith(0x72, xmm4, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
  emit_int8(shift & 0xFF);
}

void Assembler::vpsraw(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xE1, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpsrad(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, XMMRegister shift, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xE2, dst, src, shift, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}


// AND packed integers
void Assembler::pand(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xDB, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpand(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xDB, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpand(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xDB, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::por(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xEB, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpor(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xEB, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpor(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xEB, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::pxor(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  emit_simd_arith(0xEF, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
}

void Assembler::vpxor(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xEF, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}

void Assembler::vpxor(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, Address src, bool vector256) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && !vector256 || VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "256 bit integer vectors requires AVX2");
  emit_vex_arith(0xEF, dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256);
}


void Assembler::vinsertf128h(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  bool vector256 = true;
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A);
  emit_int8(0x18);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  // 0x00 - insert into lower 128 bits
  // 0x01 - insert into upper 128 bits
  emit_int8(0x01);
}

void Assembler::vinsertf128h(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  assert(dst != xnoreg, "sanity");
  int dst_enc = dst->encoding();
  // swap src<->dst for encoding
  vex_prefix(src, dst_enc, dst_enc, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, false, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x18);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
  // 0x01 - insert into upper 128 bits
  emit_int8(0x01);
}

void Assembler::vextractf128h(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  assert(src != xnoreg, "sanity");
  int src_enc = src->encoding();
  vex_prefix(dst, 0, src_enc, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, false, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x19);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
  // 0x01 - extract from upper 128 bits
  emit_int8(0x01);
}

void Assembler::vinserti128h(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "");
  bool vector256 = true;
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A);
  emit_int8(0x38);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  // 0x00 - insert into lower 128 bits
  // 0x01 - insert into upper 128 bits
  emit_int8(0x01);
}

void Assembler::vinserti128h(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  assert(dst != xnoreg, "sanity");
  int dst_enc = dst->encoding();
  // swap src<->dst for encoding
  vex_prefix(src, dst_enc, dst_enc, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, false, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x38);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
  // 0x01 - insert into upper 128 bits
  emit_int8(0x01);
}

void Assembler::vextracti128h(Address dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  bool vector256 = true;
  assert(src != xnoreg, "sanity");
  int src_enc = src->encoding();
  vex_prefix(dst, 0, src_enc, VEX_SIMD_66, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A, false, vector256);
  emit_int8(0x39);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
  // 0x01 - extract from upper 128 bits
  emit_int8(0x01);
}

// duplicate 4-bytes integer data from src into 8 locations in dest
void Assembler::vpbroadcastd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx2(), "");
  bool vector256 = true;
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256, VEX_OPCODE_0F_38);
  emit_int8(0x58);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

// Carry-Less Multiplication Quadword
void Assembler::vpclmulqdq(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, int mask) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx() && VM_Version::supports_clmul(), "");
  bool vector256 = false;
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, nds, src, VEX_SIMD_66, vector256, VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A);
  emit_int8(0x44);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  emit_int8((unsigned char)mask);
}

void Assembler::vzeroupper() {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_avx(), "");
  (void)vex_prefix_and_encode(xmm0, xmm0, xmm0, VEX_SIMD_NONE);
  emit_int8(0x77);
}


#ifndef _LP64
// 32bit only pieces of the assembler

void Assembler::cmp_literal32(Register src1, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  // NO PREFIX AS NEVER 64BIT
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | src1->encoding()));
  emit_data(imm32, rspec, 0);
}

void Assembler::cmp_literal32(Address src1, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  // NO PREFIX AS NEVER 64BIT (not even 32bit versions of 64bit regs
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rdi, src1);
  emit_data(imm32, rspec, 0);
}

// The 64-bit (32bit platform) cmpxchg compares the value at adr with the contents of rdx:rax,
// and stores rcx:rbx into adr if so; otherwise, the value at adr is loaded
// into rdx:rax.  The ZF is set if the compared values were equal, and cleared otherwise.
void Assembler::cmpxchg8(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC7);
  emit_operand(rcx, adr);
}

void Assembler::decl(Register dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::decrementl() instead.
 emit_int8(0x48 | dst->encoding());
}

#endif // _LP64

// 64bit typically doesn't use the x87 but needs to for the trig funcs

void Assembler::fabs() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE1);
}

void Assembler::fadd(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xC0, i);
}

void Assembler::fadd_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rax, src);
}

void Assembler::fadd_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rax, src);
}

void Assembler::fadda(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDC, 0xC0, i);
}

void Assembler::faddp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDE, 0xC0, i);
}

void Assembler::fchs() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE0);
}

void Assembler::fcom(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xD0, i);
}

void Assembler::fcomp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xD8, i);
}

void Assembler::fcomp_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rbx, src);
}

void Assembler::fcomp_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rbx, src);
}

void Assembler::fcompp() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDE);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
}

void Assembler::fcos() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
}

void Assembler::fdecstp() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF6);
}

void Assembler::fdiv(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xF0, i);
}

void Assembler::fdiv_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rsi, src);
}

void Assembler::fdiv_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rsi, src);
}

void Assembler::fdiva(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDC, 0xF8, i);
}

// Note: The Intel manual (Pentium Processor User's Manual, Vol.3, 1994)
//       is erroneous for some of the floating-point instructions below.

void Assembler::fdivp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDE, 0xF8, i);                    // ST(0) <- ST(0) / ST(1) and pop (Intel manual wrong)
}

void Assembler::fdivr(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xF8, i);
}

void Assembler::fdivr_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rdi, src);
}

void Assembler::fdivr_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rdi, src);
}

void Assembler::fdivra(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDC, 0xF0, i);
}

void Assembler::fdivrp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDE, 0xF0, i);                    // ST(0) <- ST(1) / ST(0) and pop (Intel manual wrong)
}

void Assembler::ffree(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDD, 0xC0, i);
}

void Assembler::fild_d(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDF);
  emit_operand32(rbp, adr);
}

void Assembler::fild_s(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDB);
  emit_operand32(rax, adr);
}

void Assembler::fincstp() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
}

void Assembler::finit() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x9B);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDB);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE3);
}

void Assembler::fist_s(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDB);
  emit_operand32(rdx, adr);
}

void Assembler::fistp_d(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDF);
  emit_operand32(rdi, adr);
}

void Assembler::fistp_s(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDB);
  emit_operand32(rbx, adr);
}

void Assembler::fld1() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE8);
}

void Assembler::fld_d(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_operand32(rax, adr);
}

void Assembler::fld_s(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_operand32(rax, adr);
}


void Assembler::fld_s(int index) {
  emit_farith(0xD9, 0xC0, index);
}

void Assembler::fld_x(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDB);
  emit_operand32(rbp, adr);
}

void Assembler::fldcw(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_operand32(rbp, src);
}

void Assembler::fldenv(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_operand32(rsp, src);
}

void Assembler::fldlg2() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xEC);
}

void Assembler::fldln2() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xED);
}

void Assembler::fldz() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xEE);
}

void Assembler::flog() {
  fldln2();
  fxch();
  fyl2x();
}

void Assembler::flog10() {
  fldlg2();
  fxch();
  fyl2x();
}

void Assembler::fmul(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xC8, i);
}

void Assembler::fmul_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rcx, src);
}

void Assembler::fmul_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rcx, src);
}

void Assembler::fmula(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDC, 0xC8, i);
}

void Assembler::fmulp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDE, 0xC8, i);
}

void Assembler::fnsave(Address dst) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_operand32(rsi, dst);
}

void Assembler::fnstcw(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x9B);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_operand32(rdi, src);
}

void Assembler::fnstsw_ax() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE0);
}

void Assembler::fprem() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF8);
}

void Assembler::fprem1() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF5);
}

void Assembler::frstor(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_operand32(rsp, src);
}

void Assembler::fsin() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFE);
}

void Assembler::fsqrt() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFA);
}

void Assembler::fst_d(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_operand32(rdx, adr);
}

void Assembler::fst_s(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_operand32(rdx, adr);
}

void Assembler::fstp_d(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_operand32(rbx, adr);
}

void Assembler::fstp_d(int index) {
  emit_farith(0xDD, 0xD8, index);
}

void Assembler::fstp_s(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_operand32(rbx, adr);
}

void Assembler::fstp_x(Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDB);
  emit_operand32(rdi, adr);
}

void Assembler::fsub(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xE0, i);
}

void Assembler::fsub_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rsp, src);
}

void Assembler::fsub_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rsp, src);
}

void Assembler::fsuba(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDC, 0xE8, i);
}

void Assembler::fsubp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDE, 0xE8, i);                    // ST(0) <- ST(0) - ST(1) and pop (Intel manual wrong)
}

void Assembler::fsubr(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD8, 0xE8, i);
}

void Assembler::fsubr_d(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDC);
  emit_operand32(rbp, src);
}

void Assembler::fsubr_s(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
  emit_operand32(rbp, src);
}

void Assembler::fsubra(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDC, 0xE0, i);
}

void Assembler::fsubrp(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xDE, 0xE0, i);                    // ST(0) <- ST(1) - ST(0) and pop (Intel manual wrong)
}

void Assembler::ftan() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF2);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xDD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD8);
}

void Assembler::ftst() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xE4);
}

void Assembler::fucomi(int i) {
  // make sure the instruction is supported (introduced for P6, together with cmov)
  guarantee(VM_Version::supports_cmov(), "illegal instruction");
  emit_farith(0xDB, 0xE8, i);
}

void Assembler::fucomip(int i) {
  // make sure the instruction is supported (introduced for P6, together with cmov)
  guarantee(VM_Version::supports_cmov(), "illegal instruction");
  emit_farith(0xDF, 0xE8, i);
}

void Assembler::fwait() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x9B);
}

void Assembler::fxch(int i) {
  emit_farith(0xD9, 0xC8, i);
}

void Assembler::fyl2x() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF1);
}

void Assembler::frndint() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFC);
}

void Assembler::f2xm1() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF0);
}

void Assembler::fldl2e() {
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD9);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xEA);
}

// SSE SIMD prefix byte values corresponding to VexSimdPrefix encoding.
static int simd_pre[4] = { 0, 0x66, 0xF3, 0xF2 };
// SSE opcode second byte values (first is 0x0F) corresponding to VexOpcode encoding.
static int simd_opc[4] = { 0,    0, 0x38, 0x3A };

// Generate SSE legacy REX prefix and SIMD opcode based on VEX encoding.
void Assembler::rex_prefix(Address adr, XMMRegister xreg, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool rex_w) {
  if (pre > 0) {
    emit_int8(simd_pre[pre]);
  }
  if (rex_w) {
    prefixq(adr, xreg);
  } else {
    prefix(adr, xreg);
  }
  if (opc > 0) {
    emit_int8(0x0F);
    int opc2 = simd_opc[opc];
    if (opc2 > 0) {
      emit_int8(opc2);
    }
  }
}

int Assembler::rex_prefix_and_encode(int dst_enc, int src_enc, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool rex_w) {
  if (pre > 0) {
    emit_int8(simd_pre[pre]);
  }
  int encode = (rex_w) ? prefixq_and_encode(dst_enc, src_enc) :
                          prefix_and_encode(dst_enc, src_enc);
  if (opc > 0) {
    emit_int8(0x0F);
    int opc2 = simd_opc[opc];
    if (opc2 > 0) {
      emit_int8(opc2);
    }
  }
  return encode;
}


void Assembler::vex_prefix(bool vex_r, bool vex_b, bool vex_x, bool vex_w, int nds_enc, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool vector256) {
  if (vex_b || vex_x || vex_w || (opc == VEX_OPCODE_0F_38) || (opc == VEX_OPCODE_0F_3A)) {
    prefix(VEX_3bytes);

    int byte1 = (vex_r ? VEX_R : 0) | (vex_x ? VEX_X : 0) | (vex_b ? VEX_B : 0);
    byte1 = (~byte1) & 0xE0;
    byte1 |= opc;
    emit_int8(byte1);

    int byte2 = ((~nds_enc) & 0xf) << 3;
    byte2 |= (vex_w ? VEX_W : 0) | (vector256 ? 4 : 0) | pre;
    emit_int8(byte2);
  } else {
    prefix(VEX_2bytes);

    int byte1 = vex_r ? VEX_R : 0;
    byte1 = (~byte1) & 0x80;
    byte1 |= ((~nds_enc) & 0xf) << 3;
    byte1 |= (vector256 ? 4 : 0) | pre;
    emit_int8(byte1);
  }
}

void Assembler::vex_prefix(Address adr, int nds_enc, int xreg_enc, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool vex_w, bool vector256){
  bool vex_r = (xreg_enc >= 8);
  bool vex_b = adr.base_needs_rex();
  bool vex_x = adr.index_needs_rex();
  vex_prefix(vex_r, vex_b, vex_x, vex_w, nds_enc, pre, opc, vector256);
}

int Assembler::vex_prefix_and_encode(int dst_enc, int nds_enc, int src_enc, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool vex_w, bool vector256) {
  bool vex_r = (dst_enc >= 8);
  bool vex_b = (src_enc >= 8);
  bool vex_x = false;
  vex_prefix(vex_r, vex_b, vex_x, vex_w, nds_enc, pre, opc, vector256);
  return (((dst_enc & 7) << 3) | (src_enc & 7));
}


void Assembler::simd_prefix(XMMRegister xreg, XMMRegister nds, Address adr, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool rex_w, bool vector256) {
  if (UseAVX > 0) {
    int xreg_enc = xreg->encoding();
    int  nds_enc = nds->is_valid() ? nds->encoding() : 0;
    vex_prefix(adr, nds_enc, xreg_enc, pre, opc, rex_w, vector256);
  } else {
    assert((nds == xreg) || (nds == xnoreg), "wrong sse encoding");
    rex_prefix(adr, xreg, pre, opc, rex_w);
  }
}

int Assembler::simd_prefix_and_encode(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds, XMMRegister src, VexSimdPrefix pre, VexOpcode opc, bool rex_w, bool vector256) {
  int dst_enc = dst->encoding();
  int src_enc = src->encoding();
  if (UseAVX > 0) {
    int nds_enc = nds->is_valid() ? nds->encoding() : 0;
    return vex_prefix_and_encode(dst_enc, nds_enc, src_enc, pre, opc, rex_w, vector256);
  } else {
    assert((nds == dst) || (nds == src) || (nds == xnoreg), "wrong sse encoding");
    return rex_prefix_and_encode(dst_enc, src_enc, pre, opc, rex_w);
  }
}

void Assembler::emit_simd_arith(int opcode, XMMRegister dst, Address src, VexSimdPrefix pre) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, dst, src, pre);
  emit_int8(opcode);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::emit_simd_arith(int opcode, XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, VexSimdPrefix pre) {
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, dst, src, pre);
  emit_int8(opcode);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

// Versions with no second source register (non-destructive source).
void Assembler::emit_simd_arith_nonds(int opcode, XMMRegister dst, Address src, VexSimdPrefix pre) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix(dst, xnoreg, src, pre);
  emit_int8(opcode);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::emit_simd_arith_nonds(int opcode, XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src, VexSimdPrefix pre) {
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode(dst, xnoreg, src, pre);
  emit_int8(opcode);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

// 3-operands AVX instructions
void Assembler::emit_vex_arith(int opcode, XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds,
                               Address src, VexSimdPrefix pre, bool vector256) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  vex_prefix(dst, nds, src, pre, vector256);
  emit_int8(opcode);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::emit_vex_arith(int opcode, XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister nds,
                               XMMRegister src, VexSimdPrefix pre, bool vector256) {
  int encode = vex_prefix_and_encode(dst, nds, src, pre, vector256);
  emit_int8(opcode);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

#ifndef _LP64

void Assembler::incl(Register dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::incrementl() instead.
  emit_int8(0x40 | dst->encoding());
}

void Assembler::lea(Register dst, Address src) {
  leal(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::mov_literal32(Address dst, int32_t imm32,  RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC7);
  emit_operand(rax, dst);
  emit_data((int)imm32, rspec, 0);
}

void Assembler::mov_literal32(Register dst, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xB8 | encode));
  emit_data((int)imm32, rspec, 0);
}

void Assembler::popa() { // 32bit
  emit_int8(0x61);
}

void Assembler::push_literal32(int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8(0x68);
  emit_data(imm32, rspec, 0);
}

void Assembler::pusha() { // 32bit
  emit_int8(0x60);
}

void Assembler::set_byte_if_not_zero(Register dst) {
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x95);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | dst->encoding()));
}

void Assembler::shldl(Register dst, Register src) {
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xA5);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | src->encoding() << 3 | dst->encoding()));
}

void Assembler::shrdl(Register dst, Register src) {
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | src->encoding() << 3 | dst->encoding()));
}

#else // LP64

void Assembler::set_byte_if_not_zero(Register dst) {
  int enc = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding(), true);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x95);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | enc));
}

// 64bit only pieces of the assembler
// This should only be used by 64bit instructions that can use rip-relative
// it cannot be used by instructions that want an immediate value.

bool Assembler::reachable(AddressLiteral adr) {
  int64_t disp;
  // None will force a 64bit literal to the code stream. Likely a placeholder
  // for something that will be patched later and we need to certain it will
  // always be reachable.
  if (adr.reloc() == relocInfo::none) {
    return false;
  }
  if (adr.reloc() == relocInfo::internal_word_type) {
    // This should be rip relative and easily reachable.
    return true;
  }
  if (adr.reloc() == relocInfo::virtual_call_type ||
      adr.reloc() == relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type ||
      adr.reloc() == relocInfo::static_call_type ||
      adr.reloc() == relocInfo::static_stub_type ) {
    // This should be rip relative within the code cache and easily
    // reachable until we get huge code caches. (At which point
    // ic code is going to have issues).
    return true;
  }
  if (adr.reloc() != relocInfo::external_word_type &&
      adr.reloc() != relocInfo::poll_return_type &&  // these are really external_word but need special
      adr.reloc() != relocInfo::poll_type &&         // relocs to identify them
      adr.reloc() != relocInfo::runtime_call_type ) {
    return false;
  }

  // Stress the correction code
  if (ForceUnreachable) {
    // Must be runtimecall reloc, see if it is in the codecache
    // Flipping stuff in the codecache to be unreachable causes issues
    // with things like inline caches where the additional instructions
    // are not handled.
    if (CodeCache::find_blob(adr._target) == NULL) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  // For external_word_type/runtime_call_type if it is reachable from where we
  // are now (possibly a temp buffer) and where we might end up
  // anywhere in the codeCache then we are always reachable.
  // This would have to change if we ever save/restore shared code
  // to be more pessimistic.
  disp = (int64_t)adr._target - ((int64_t)CodeCache::low_bound() + sizeof(int));
  if (!is_simm32(disp)) return false;
  disp = (int64_t)adr._target - ((int64_t)CodeCache::high_bound() + sizeof(int));
  if (!is_simm32(disp)) return false;

  disp = (int64_t)adr._target - ((int64_t)pc() + sizeof(int));

  // Because rip relative is a disp + address_of_next_instruction and we
  // don't know the value of address_of_next_instruction we apply a fudge factor
  // to make sure we will be ok no matter the size of the instruction we get placed into.
  // We don't have to fudge the checks above here because they are already worst case.

  // 12 == override/rex byte, opcode byte, rm byte, sib byte, a 4-byte disp , 4-byte literal
  // + 4 because better safe than sorry.
  const int fudge = 12 + 4;
  if (disp < 0) {
    disp -= fudge;
  } else {
    disp += fudge;
  }
  return is_simm32(disp);
}

// Check if the polling page is not reachable from the code cache using rip-relative
// addressing.
bool Assembler::is_polling_page_far() {
  intptr_t addr = (intptr_t)os::get_polling_page();
  return ForceUnreachable ||
         !is_simm32(addr - (intptr_t)CodeCache::low_bound()) ||
         !is_simm32(addr - (intptr_t)CodeCache::high_bound());
}

void Assembler::emit_data64(jlong data,
                            relocInfo::relocType rtype,
                            int format) {
  if (rtype == relocInfo::none) {
    emit_int64(data);
  } else {
    emit_data64(data, Relocation::spec_simple(rtype), format);
  }
}

void Assembler::emit_data64(jlong data,
                            RelocationHolder const& rspec,
                            int format) {
  assert(imm_operand == 0, "default format must be immediate in this file");
  assert(imm_operand == format, "must be immediate");
  assert(inst_mark() != NULL, "must be inside InstructionMark");
  // Do not use AbstractAssembler::relocate, which is not intended for
  // embedded words.  Instead, relocate to the enclosing instruction.
  code_section()->relocate(inst_mark(), rspec, format);
#ifdef ASSERT
  check_relocation(rspec, format);
#endif
  emit_int64(data);
}

int Assembler::prefix_and_encode(int reg_enc, bool byteinst) {
  if (reg_enc >= 8) {
    prefix(REX_B);
    reg_enc -= 8;
  } else if (byteinst && reg_enc >= 4) {
    prefix(REX);
  }
  return reg_enc;
}

int Assembler::prefixq_and_encode(int reg_enc) {
  if (reg_enc < 8) {
    prefix(REX_W);
  } else {
    prefix(REX_WB);
    reg_enc -= 8;
  }
  return reg_enc;
}

int Assembler::prefix_and_encode(int dst_enc, int src_enc, bool byteinst) {
  if (dst_enc < 8) {
    if (src_enc >= 8) {
      prefix(REX_B);
      src_enc -= 8;
    } else if (byteinst && src_enc >= 4) {
      prefix(REX);
    }
  } else {
    if (src_enc < 8) {
      prefix(REX_R);
    } else {
      prefix(REX_RB);
      src_enc -= 8;
    }
    dst_enc -= 8;
  }
  return dst_enc << 3 | src_enc;
}

int Assembler::prefixq_and_encode(int dst_enc, int src_enc) {
  if (dst_enc < 8) {
    if (src_enc < 8) {
      prefix(REX_W);
    } else {
      prefix(REX_WB);
      src_enc -= 8;
    }
  } else {
    if (src_enc < 8) {
      prefix(REX_WR);
    } else {
      prefix(REX_WRB);
      src_enc -= 8;
    }
    dst_enc -= 8;
  }
  return dst_enc << 3 | src_enc;
}

void Assembler::prefix(Register reg) {
  if (reg->encoding() >= 8) {
    prefix(REX_B);
  }
}

void Assembler::prefix(Address adr) {
  if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
    if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
      prefix(REX_XB);
    } else {
      prefix(REX_B);
    }
  } else {
    if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
      prefix(REX_X);
    }
  }
}

void Assembler::prefixq(Address adr) {
  if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
    if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
      prefix(REX_WXB);
    } else {
      prefix(REX_WB);
    }
  } else {
    if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
      prefix(REX_WX);
    } else {
      prefix(REX_W);
    }
  }
}


void Assembler::prefix(Address adr, Register reg, bool byteinst) {
  if (reg->encoding() < 8) {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_XB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_B);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_X);
      } else if (byteinst && reg->encoding() >= 4 ) {
        prefix(REX);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_RXB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_RB);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_RX);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_R);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Assembler::prefixq(Address adr, Register src) {
  if (src->encoding() < 8) {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WXB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_WB);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WX);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_W);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WRXB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_WRB);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WRX);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_WR);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Assembler::prefix(Address adr, XMMRegister reg) {
  if (reg->encoding() < 8) {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_XB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_B);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_X);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_RXB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_RB);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_RX);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_R);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Assembler::prefixq(Address adr, XMMRegister src) {
  if (src->encoding() < 8) {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WXB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_WB);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WX);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_W);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (adr.base_needs_rex()) {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WRXB);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_WRB);
      }
    } else {
      if (adr.index_needs_rex()) {
        prefix(REX_WRX);
      } else {
        prefix(REX_WR);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Assembler::adcq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xD0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::adcq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x13);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::adcq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x13, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::addq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rax, dst,imm32);
}

void Assembler::addq(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x01);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::addq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xC0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::addq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x03);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::addq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x03, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::andq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rsp, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::andq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xE0, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::andq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x23);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::andq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x23, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::bsfq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBC);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::bsrq(Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(!VM_Version::supports_lzcnt(), "encoding is treated as LZCNT");
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::bswapq(Register reg) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(reg->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cdqq() {
  prefix(REX_W);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x99);
}

void Assembler::clflush(Address adr) {
  prefix(adr);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_operand(rdi, adr);
}

void Assembler::cmovq(Condition cc, Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x40 | cc);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cmovq(Condition cc, Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8(0x40 | cc);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cmpq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rdi, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::cmpq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xF8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::cmpq(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x3B);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::cmpq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x3B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cmpq(Register dst, Address  src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x3B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cmpxchgq(Register reg, Address adr) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(adr, reg);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB1);
  emit_operand(reg, adr);
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2sdq(XMMRegister dst, Register src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode_q(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x2A);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2sdq(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix_q(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x2A);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2ssq(XMMRegister dst, Register src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode_q(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x2A);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cvtsi2ssq(XMMRegister dst, Address src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  InstructionMark im(this);
  simd_prefix_q(dst, dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x2A);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::cvttsd2siq(Register dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode_q(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F2);
  emit_int8(0x2C);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::cvttss2siq(Register dst, XMMRegister src) {
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode_q(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_F3);
  emit_int8(0x2C);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::decl(Register dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::decrementl() instead.
  // Use two-byte form (one-byte form is a REX prefix in 64-bit mode)
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::decq(Register dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::decrementq() instead.
  // Use two-byte form (one-byte from is a REX prefix in 64-bit mode)
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_int8(0xC8 | encode);
}

void Assembler::decq(Address dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::decrementq() instead.
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rcx, dst);
}

void Assembler::fxrstor(Address src) {
  prefixq(src);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_operand(as_Register(1), src);
}

void Assembler::fxsave(Address dst) {
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAE);
  emit_operand(as_Register(0), dst);
}

void Assembler::idivq(Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::imulq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xAF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::imulq(Register dst, Register src, int value) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  if (is8bit(value)) {
    emit_int8(0x6B);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
    emit_int8(value & 0xFF);
  } else {
    emit_int8(0x69);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
    emit_int32(value);
  }
}

void Assembler::imulq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char) 0xAF);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::incl(Register dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::incrementl() instead.
  // Use two-byte form (one-byte from is a REX prefix in 64-bit mode)
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::incq(Register dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::incrementq() instead.
  // Use two-byte form (one-byte from is a REX prefix in 64-bit mode)
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::incq(Address dst) {
  // Don't use it directly. Use MacroAssembler::incrementq() instead.
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rax, dst);
}

void Assembler::lea(Register dst, Address src) {
  leaq(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::leaq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8D);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::mov64(Register dst, int64_t imm64) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xB8 | encode));
  emit_int64(imm64);
}

void Assembler::mov_literal64(Register dst, intptr_t imm64, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8(0xB8 | encode);
  emit_data64(imm64, rspec);
}

void Assembler::mov_narrow_oop(Register dst, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xB8 | encode));
  emit_data((int)imm32, rspec, narrow_oop_operand);
}

void Assembler::mov_narrow_oop(Address dst, int32_t imm32,  RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC7);
  emit_operand(rax, dst, 4);
  emit_data((int)imm32, rspec, narrow_oop_operand);
}

void Assembler::cmp_narrow_oop(Register src1, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int encode = prefix_and_encode(src1->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
  emit_data((int)imm32, rspec, narrow_oop_operand);
}

void Assembler::cmp_narrow_oop(Address src1, int32_t imm32, RelocationHolder const& rspec) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefix(src1);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rax, src1, 4);
  emit_data((int)imm32, rspec, narrow_oop_operand);
}

void Assembler::lzcntq(Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_lzcnt(), "encoding is treated as BSR");
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBD);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movdq(XMMRegister dst, Register src) {
  // table D-1 says MMX/SSE2
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode_q(dst, src, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x6E);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movdq(Register dst, XMMRegister src) {
  // table D-1 says MMX/SSE2
  NOT_LP64(assert(VM_Version::supports_sse2(), ""));
  // swap src/dst to get correct prefix
  int encode = simd_prefix_and_encode_q(src, dst, VEX_SIMD_66);
  emit_int8(0x7E);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8B);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movq(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst, src);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x89);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::movsbq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBE);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movsbq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBE);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movslq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  // dbx shows movslq(rcx, 3) as movq     $0x0000000049000000,(%rbx)
  // and movslq(r8, 3); as movl     $0x0000000048000000,(%rbx)
  // as a result we shouldn't use until tested at runtime...
  ShouldNotReachHere();
  InstructionMark im(this);
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC7 | encode));
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::movslq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  assert(is_simm32(imm32), "lost bits");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC7);
  emit_operand(rax, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::movslq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x63);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movslq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x63);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movswq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBF);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movswq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xBF);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::movzbq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB6);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movzbq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB6);
  emit_int8(0xC0 | encode);
}

void Assembler::movzwq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB7);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::movzwq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::negq(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::notq(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::orq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x81);
  emit_operand(rcx, dst, 4);
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::orq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xC8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::orq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x0B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::orq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x0B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::popa() { // 64bit
  movq(r15, Address(rsp, 0));
  movq(r14, Address(rsp, wordSize));
  movq(r13, Address(rsp, 2 * wordSize));
  movq(r12, Address(rsp, 3 * wordSize));
  movq(r11, Address(rsp, 4 * wordSize));
  movq(r10, Address(rsp, 5 * wordSize));
  movq(r9,  Address(rsp, 6 * wordSize));
  movq(r8,  Address(rsp, 7 * wordSize));
  movq(rdi, Address(rsp, 8 * wordSize));
  movq(rsi, Address(rsp, 9 * wordSize));
  movq(rbp, Address(rsp, 10 * wordSize));
  // skip rsp
  movq(rbx, Address(rsp, 12 * wordSize));
  movq(rdx, Address(rsp, 13 * wordSize));
  movq(rcx, Address(rsp, 14 * wordSize));
  movq(rax, Address(rsp, 15 * wordSize));

  addq(rsp, 16 * wordSize);
}

void Assembler::popcntq(Register dst, Address src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_popcnt(), "must support");
  InstructionMark im(this);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB8);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::popcntq(Register dst, Register src) {
  assert(VM_Version::supports_popcnt(), "must support");
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF3);
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xB8);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::popq(Address dst) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x8F);
  emit_operand(rax, dst);
}

void Assembler::pusha() { // 64bit
  // we have to store original rsp.  ABI says that 128 bytes
  // below rsp are local scratch.
  movq(Address(rsp, -5 * wordSize), rsp);

  subq(rsp, 16 * wordSize);

  movq(Address(rsp, 15 * wordSize), rax);
  movq(Address(rsp, 14 * wordSize), rcx);
  movq(Address(rsp, 13 * wordSize), rdx);
  movq(Address(rsp, 12 * wordSize), rbx);
  // skip rsp
  movq(Address(rsp, 10 * wordSize), rbp);
  movq(Address(rsp, 9 * wordSize), rsi);
  movq(Address(rsp, 8 * wordSize), rdi);
  movq(Address(rsp, 7 * wordSize), r8);
  movq(Address(rsp, 6 * wordSize), r9);
  movq(Address(rsp, 5 * wordSize), r10);
  movq(Address(rsp, 4 * wordSize), r11);
  movq(Address(rsp, 3 * wordSize), r12);
  movq(Address(rsp, 2 * wordSize), r13);
  movq(Address(rsp, wordSize), r14);
  movq(Address(rsp, 0), r15);
}

void Assembler::pushq(Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xFF);
  emit_operand(rsi, src);
}

void Assembler::rclq(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8 >> 1), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  if (imm8 == 1) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD0 | encode));
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xD0 | encode));
    emit_int8(imm8);
  }
}
void Assembler::sarq(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8 >> 1), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  if (imm8 == 1) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
    emit_int8(imm8);
  }
}

void Assembler::sarq(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD3);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xF8 | encode));
}

void Assembler::sbbq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rbx, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::sbbq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xD8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::sbbq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x1B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::sbbq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x1B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::shlq(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8 >> 1), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  if (imm8 == 1) {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
  } else {
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
    emit_int8(imm8);
  }
}

void Assembler::shlq(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD3);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::shrq(Register dst, int imm8) {
  assert(isShiftCount(imm8 >> 1), "illegal shift count");
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xE8 | encode));
  emit_int8(imm8);
}

void Assembler::shrq(Register dst) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xD3);
  emit_int8(0xE8 | encode);
}

void Assembler::subq(Address dst, int32_t imm32) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst);
  emit_arith_operand(0x81, rbp, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::subq(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x29);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::subq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x81, 0xE8, dst, imm32);
}

// Force generation of a 4 byte immediate value even if it fits into 8bit
void Assembler::subq_imm32(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding());
  emit_arith_imm32(0x81, 0xE8, dst, imm32);
}

void Assembler::subq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x2B);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::subq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x2B, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::testq(Register dst, int32_t imm32) {
  // not using emit_arith because test
  // doesn't support sign-extension of
  // 8bit operands
  int encode = dst->encoding();
  if (encode == 0) {
    prefix(REX_W);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xA9);
  } else {
    encode = prefixq_and_encode(encode);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)0xF7);
    emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xC0 | encode));
  }
  emit_int32(imm32);
}

void Assembler::testq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x85, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::xaddq(Address dst, Register src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(dst, src);
  emit_int8(0x0F);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0xC1);
  emit_operand(src, dst);
}

void Assembler::xchgq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x87);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

void Assembler::xchgq(Register dst, Register src) {
  int encode = prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_int8((unsigned char)0x87);
  emit_int8((unsigned char)(0xc0 | encode));
}

void Assembler::xorq(Register dst, Register src) {
  (void) prefixq_and_encode(dst->encoding(), src->encoding());
  emit_arith(0x33, 0xC0, dst, src);
}

void Assembler::xorq(Register dst, Address src) {
  InstructionMark im(this);
  prefixq(src, dst);
  emit_int8(0x33);
  emit_operand(dst, src);
}

#endif // !LP64

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