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Java example source code file (sharedRuntime.cpp)

This example Java source code file (sharedRuntime.cpp) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

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Java - Java tags/keywords

adapterhandlerentry, assert, basictype, check_, intptr_format, javathread, jrt_end, jrt_entry, jrt_leaf, null, product, resourcemark, symbol, usdt2

The sharedRuntime.cpp Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
#include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
#include "code/compiledIC.hpp"
#include "code/scopeDesc.hpp"
#include "code/vtableStubs.hpp"
#include "compiler/abstractCompiler.hpp"
#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
#include "compiler/disassembler.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreterRuntime.hpp"
#include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "prims/forte.hpp"
#include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
#include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
#include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"
#include "prims/nativeLookup.hpp"
#include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
#include "runtime/biasedLocking.hpp"
#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/init.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
#include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframeArray.hpp"
#include "utilities/copy.hpp"
#include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
#include "utilities/events.hpp"
#include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
#include "utilities/macros.hpp"
#include "utilities/xmlstream.hpp"
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_x86
# include "nativeInst_x86.hpp"
# include "vmreg_x86.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_sparc
# include "nativeInst_sparc.hpp"
# include "vmreg_sparc.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_zero
# include "nativeInst_zero.hpp"
# include "vmreg_zero.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_arm
# include "nativeInst_arm.hpp"
# include "vmreg_arm.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_ppc
# include "nativeInst_ppc.hpp"
# include "vmreg_ppc.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef COMPILER1
#include "c1/c1_Runtime1.hpp"
#endif

// Shared stub locations
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_wrong_method_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_wrong_method_abstract_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_ic_miss_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_resolve_opt_virtual_call_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_resolve_virtual_call_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_resolve_static_call_blob;

DeoptimizationBlob* SharedRuntime::_deopt_blob;
SafepointBlob*      SharedRuntime::_polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob;
SafepointBlob*      SharedRuntime::_polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob;
SafepointBlob*      SharedRuntime::_polling_page_return_handler_blob;

#ifdef COMPILER2
UncommonTrapBlob*   SharedRuntime::_uncommon_trap_blob;
#endif // COMPILER2


//----------------------------generate_stubs-----------------------------------
void SharedRuntime::generate_stubs() {
  _wrong_method_blob                   = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method),          "wrong_method_stub");
  _wrong_method_abstract_blob          = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_abstract), "wrong_method_abstract_stub");
  _ic_miss_blob                        = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_ic_miss),  "ic_miss_stub");
  _resolve_opt_virtual_call_blob       = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_opt_virtual_call_C),   "resolve_opt_virtual_call");
  _resolve_virtual_call_blob           = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_virtual_call_C),       "resolve_virtual_call");
  _resolve_static_call_blob            = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_static_call_C),        "resolve_static_call");

#ifdef COMPILER2
  // Vectors are generated only by C2.
  if (is_wide_vector(MaxVectorSize)) {
    _polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob = generate_handler_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception), POLL_AT_VECTOR_LOOP);
  }
#endif // COMPILER2
  _polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob = generate_handler_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception), POLL_AT_LOOP);
  _polling_page_return_handler_blob    = generate_handler_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception), POLL_AT_RETURN);

  generate_deopt_blob();

#ifdef COMPILER2
  generate_uncommon_trap_blob();
#endif // COMPILER2
}

#include <math.h>

#ifndef USDT2
HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL4(hotspot, object__alloc, Thread*, char*, int, size_t);
HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL7(hotspot, method__entry, int,
                      char*, int, char*, int, char*, int);
HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL7(hotspot, method__return, int,
                      char*, int, char*, int, char*, int);
#endif /* !USDT2 */

// Implementation of SharedRuntime

#ifndef PRODUCT
// For statistics
int SharedRuntime::_ic_miss_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_wrong_method_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_resolve_static_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_resolve_virtual_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_resolve_opt_virtual_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_implicit_null_throws = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_implicit_div0_throws = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_throw_null_ctr = 0;

int SharedRuntime::_nof_normal_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_optimized_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_inlined_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_megamorphic_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_static_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_inlined_static_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_optimized_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_inlined_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_megamorphic_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_removable_exceptions = 0;

int SharedRuntime::_new_instance_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_new_array_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi1_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi2_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi3_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi4_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi5_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_enter_stub_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_exit_stub_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_enter_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_exit_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_partial_subtype_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jbyte_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jshort_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jint_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_oop_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_checkcast_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_unsafe_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_generic_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_slow_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_find_handler_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_rethrow_ctr=0;

int     SharedRuntime::_ICmiss_index                    = 0;
int     SharedRuntime::_ICmiss_count[SharedRuntime::maxICmiss_count];
address SharedRuntime::_ICmiss_at[SharedRuntime::maxICmiss_count];


void SharedRuntime::trace_ic_miss(address at) {
  for (int i = 0; i < _ICmiss_index; i++) {
    if (_ICmiss_at[i] == at) {
      _ICmiss_count[i]++;
      return;
    }
  }
  int index = _ICmiss_index++;
  if (_ICmiss_index >= maxICmiss_count) _ICmiss_index = maxICmiss_count - 1;
  _ICmiss_at[index] = at;
  _ICmiss_count[index] = 1;
}

void SharedRuntime::print_ic_miss_histogram() {
  if (ICMissHistogram) {
    tty->print_cr ("IC Miss Histogram:");
    int tot_misses = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < _ICmiss_index; i++) {
      tty->print_cr("  at: " INTPTR_FORMAT "  nof: %d", _ICmiss_at[i], _ICmiss_count[i]);
      tot_misses += _ICmiss_count[i];
    }
    tty->print_cr ("Total IC misses: %7d", tot_misses);
  }
}
#endif // PRODUCT

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

// G1 write-barrier pre: executed before a pointer store.
JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::g1_wb_pre(oopDesc* orig, JavaThread *thread))
  if (orig == NULL) {
    assert(false, "should be optimized out");
    return;
  }
  assert(orig->is_oop(true /* ignore mark word */), "Error");
  // store the original value that was in the field reference
  thread->satb_mark_queue().enqueue(orig);
JRT_END

// G1 write-barrier post: executed after a pointer store.
JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::g1_wb_post(void* card_addr, JavaThread* thread))
  thread->dirty_card_queue().enqueue(card_addr);
JRT_END

#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::lmul(jlong y, jlong x))
  return x * y;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::ldiv(jlong y, jlong x))
  if (x == min_jlong && y == CONST64(-1)) {
    return x;
  } else {
    return x / y;
  }
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::lrem(jlong y, jlong x))
  if (x == min_jlong && y == CONST64(-1)) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return x % y;
  }
JRT_END


const juint  float_sign_mask  = 0x7FFFFFFF;
const juint  float_infinity   = 0x7F800000;
const julong double_sign_mask = CONST64(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
const julong double_infinity  = CONST64(0x7FF0000000000000);

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::frem(jfloat  x, jfloat  y))
#ifdef _WIN64
  // 64-bit Windows on amd64 returns the wrong values for
  // infinity operands.
  union { jfloat f; juint i; } xbits, ybits;
  xbits.f = x;
  ybits.f = y;
  // x Mod Infinity == x unless x is infinity
  if ( ((xbits.i & float_sign_mask) != float_infinity) &&
       ((ybits.i & float_sign_mask) == float_infinity) ) {
    return x;
  }
#endif
  return ((jfloat)fmod((double)x,(double)y));
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::drem(jdouble x, jdouble y))
#ifdef _WIN64
  union { jdouble d; julong l; } xbits, ybits;
  xbits.d = x;
  ybits.d = y;
  // x Mod Infinity == x unless x is infinity
  if ( ((xbits.l & double_sign_mask) != double_infinity) &&
       ((ybits.l & double_sign_mask) == double_infinity) ) {
    return x;
  }
#endif
  return ((jdouble)fmod((double)x,(double)y));
JRT_END

#ifdef __SOFTFP__
JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fadd(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x + y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fsub(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x - y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fmul(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x * y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fdiv(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x / y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::dadd(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x + y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::dsub(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x - y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::dmul(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x * y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::ddiv(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x / y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::i2f(jint x))
  return (jfloat)x;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::i2d(jint x))
  return (jdouble)x;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::f2d(jfloat x))
  return (jdouble)x;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::fcmpl(float x, float y))
  return x>y ? 1 : (x==y ? 0 : -1);  /* x<y or is_nan*/
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::fcmpg(float x, float y))
  return x<y ? -1 : (x==y ? 0 : 1);  /* x>y or is_nan */
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::dcmpl(double x, double y))
  return x>y ? 1 : (x==y ? 0 : -1); /* x<y or is_nan */
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::dcmpg(double x, double y))
  return x<y ? -1 : (x==y ? 0 : 1);  /* x>y or is_nan */
JRT_END

// Functions to return the opposite of the aeabi functions for nan.
JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmplt(float x, float y))
  return (x < y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmplt(double x, double y))
  return (x < y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmple(float x, float y))
  return (x <= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmple(double x, double y))
  return (x <= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmpge(float x, float y))
  return (x >= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmpge(double x, double y))
  return (x >= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmpgt(float x, float y))
  return (x > y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmpgt(double x, double y))
  return (x > y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

// Intrinsics make gcc generate code for these.
float  SharedRuntime::fneg(float f)   {
  return -f;
}

double SharedRuntime::dneg(double f)  {
  return -f;
}

#endif // __SOFTFP__

#if defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(E500V2)
// Intrinsics make gcc generate code for these.
double SharedRuntime::dabs(double f)  {
  return (f <= (double)0.0) ? (double)0.0 - f : f;
}

#endif

#if defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(PPC)
double SharedRuntime::dsqrt(double f) {
  return sqrt(f);
}
#endif

JRT_LEAF(jint, SharedRuntime::f2i(jfloat  x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jfloat) max_jint)
    return max_jint;
  if (x <= (jfloat) min_jint)
    return min_jint;
  return (jint) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::f2l(jfloat  x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jfloat) max_jlong)
    return max_jlong;
  if (x <= (jfloat) min_jlong)
    return min_jlong;
  return (jlong) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jint, SharedRuntime::d2i(jdouble x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jdouble) max_jint)
    return max_jint;
  if (x <= (jdouble) min_jint)
    return min_jint;
  return (jint) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::d2l(jdouble x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jdouble) max_jlong)
    return max_jlong;
  if (x <= (jdouble) min_jlong)
    return min_jlong;
  return (jlong) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::d2f(jdouble x))
  return (jfloat)x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::l2f(jlong x))
  return (jfloat)x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::l2d(jlong x))
  return (jdouble)x;
JRT_END

// Exception handling accross interpreter/compiler boundaries
//
// exception_handler_for_return_address(...) returns the continuation address.
// The continuation address is the entry point of the exception handler of the
// previous frame depending on the return address.

address SharedRuntime::raw_exception_handler_for_return_address(JavaThread* thread, address return_address) {
  assert(frame::verify_return_pc(return_address), err_msg("must be a return address: " INTPTR_FORMAT, return_address));

  // Reset method handle flag.
  thread->set_is_method_handle_return(false);

  // The fastest case first
  CodeBlob* blob = CodeCache::find_blob(return_address);
  nmethod* nm = (blob != NULL) ? blob->as_nmethod_or_null() : NULL;
  if (nm != NULL) {
    // Set flag if return address is a method handle call site.
    thread->set_is_method_handle_return(nm->is_method_handle_return(return_address));
    // native nmethods don't have exception handlers
    assert(!nm->is_native_method(), "no exception handler");
    assert(nm->header_begin() != nm->exception_begin(), "no exception handler");
    if (nm->is_deopt_pc(return_address)) {
      return SharedRuntime::deopt_blob()->unpack_with_exception();
    } else {
      return nm->exception_begin();
    }
  }

  // Entry code
  if (StubRoutines::returns_to_call_stub(return_address)) {
    return StubRoutines::catch_exception_entry();
  }
  // Interpreted code
  if (Interpreter::contains(return_address)) {
    return Interpreter::rethrow_exception_entry();
  }

  guarantee(blob == NULL || !blob->is_runtime_stub(), "caller should have skipped stub");
  guarantee(!VtableStubs::contains(return_address), "NULL exceptions in vtables should have been handled already!");

#ifndef PRODUCT
  { ResourceMark rm;
    tty->print_cr("No exception handler found for exception at " INTPTR_FORMAT " - potential problems:", return_address);
    tty->print_cr("a) exception happened in (new?) code stubs/buffers that is not handled here");
    tty->print_cr("b) other problem");
  }
#endif // PRODUCT

  ShouldNotReachHere();
  return NULL;
}


JRT_LEAF(address, SharedRuntime::exception_handler_for_return_address(JavaThread* thread, address return_address))
  return raw_exception_handler_for_return_address(thread, return_address);
JRT_END


address SharedRuntime::get_poll_stub(address pc) {
  address stub;
  // Look up the code blob
  CodeBlob *cb = CodeCache::find_blob(pc);

  // Should be an nmethod
  assert( cb && cb->is_nmethod(), "safepoint polling: pc must refer to an nmethod" );

  // Look up the relocation information
  assert( ((nmethod*)cb)->is_at_poll_or_poll_return(pc),
    "safepoint polling: type must be poll" );

  assert( ((NativeInstruction*)pc)->is_safepoint_poll(),
    "Only polling locations are used for safepoint");

  bool at_poll_return = ((nmethod*)cb)->is_at_poll_return(pc);
  bool has_wide_vectors = ((nmethod*)cb)->has_wide_vectors();
  if (at_poll_return) {
    assert(SharedRuntime::polling_page_return_handler_blob() != NULL,
           "polling page return stub not created yet");
    stub = SharedRuntime::polling_page_return_handler_blob()->entry_point();
  } else if (has_wide_vectors) {
    assert(SharedRuntime::polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob() != NULL,
           "polling page vectors safepoint stub not created yet");
    stub = SharedRuntime::polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob()->entry_point();
  } else {
    assert(SharedRuntime::polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob() != NULL,
           "polling page safepoint stub not created yet");
    stub = SharedRuntime::polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob()->entry_point();
  }
#ifndef PRODUCT
  if( TraceSafepoint ) {
    char buf[256];
    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                 "... found polling page %s exception at pc = "
                 INTPTR_FORMAT ", stub =" INTPTR_FORMAT,
                 at_poll_return ? "return" : "loop",
                 (intptr_t)pc, (intptr_t)stub);
    tty->print_raw_cr(buf);
  }
#endif // PRODUCT
  return stub;
}


oop SharedRuntime::retrieve_receiver( Symbol* sig, frame caller ) {
  assert(caller.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
  int args_size = ArgumentSizeComputer(sig).size() + 1;
  assert(args_size <= caller.interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size(), "receiver must be on interpreter stack");
  oop result = cast_to_oop(*caller.interpreter_frame_tos_at(args_size - 1));
  assert(Universe::heap()->is_in(result) && result->is_oop(), "receiver must be an oop");
  return result;
}


void SharedRuntime::throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(JavaThread *thread, Handle h_exception) {
  if (JvmtiExport::can_post_on_exceptions()) {
    vframeStream vfst(thread, true);
    methodHandle method = methodHandle(thread, vfst.method());
    address bcp = method()->bcp_from(vfst.bci());
    JvmtiExport::post_exception_throw(thread, method(), bcp, h_exception());
  }
  Exceptions::_throw(thread, __FILE__, __LINE__, h_exception);
}

void SharedRuntime::throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(JavaThread *thread, Symbol* name, const char *message) {
  Handle h_exception = Exceptions::new_exception(thread, name, message);
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, h_exception);
}

// The interpreter code to call this tracing function is only
// called/generated when TraceRedefineClasses has the right bits
// set. Since obsolete methods are never compiled, we don't have
// to modify the compilers to generate calls to this function.
//
JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::rc_trace_method_entry(
    JavaThread* thread, Method* method))
  assert(RC_TRACE_IN_RANGE(0x00001000, 0x00002000), "wrong call");

  if (method->is_obsolete()) {
    // We are calling an obsolete method, but this is not necessarily
    // an error. Our method could have been redefined just after we
    // fetched the Method* from the constant pool.

    // RC_TRACE macro has an embedded ResourceMark
    RC_TRACE_WITH_THREAD(0x00001000, thread,
                         ("calling obsolete method '%s'",
                          method->name_and_sig_as_C_string()));
    if (RC_TRACE_ENABLED(0x00002000)) {
      // this option is provided to debug calls to obsolete methods
      guarantee(false, "faulting at call to an obsolete method.");
    }
  }
  return 0;
JRT_END

// ret_pc points into caller; we are returning caller's exception handler
// for given exception
address SharedRuntime::compute_compiled_exc_handler(nmethod* nm, address ret_pc, Handle& exception,
                                                    bool force_unwind, bool top_frame_only) {
  assert(nm != NULL, "must exist");
  ResourceMark rm;

  ScopeDesc* sd = nm->scope_desc_at(ret_pc);
  // determine handler bci, if any
  EXCEPTION_MARK;

  int handler_bci = -1;
  int scope_depth = 0;
  if (!force_unwind) {
    int bci = sd->bci();
    bool recursive_exception = false;
    do {
      bool skip_scope_increment = false;
      // exception handler lookup
      KlassHandle ek (THREAD, exception->klass());
      methodHandle mh(THREAD, sd->method());
      handler_bci = Method::fast_exception_handler_bci_for(mh, ek, bci, THREAD);
      if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
        recursive_exception = true;
        // We threw an exception while trying to find the exception handler.
        // Transfer the new exception to the exception handle which will
        // be set into thread local storage, and do another lookup for an
        // exception handler for this exception, this time starting at the
        // BCI of the exception handler which caused the exception to be
        // thrown (bugs 4307310 and 4546590). Set "exception" reference
        // argument to ensure that the correct exception is thrown (4870175).
        exception = Handle(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
        CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
        if (handler_bci >= 0) {
          bci = handler_bci;
          handler_bci = -1;
          skip_scope_increment = true;
        }
      }
      else {
        recursive_exception = false;
      }
      if (!top_frame_only && handler_bci < 0 && !skip_scope_increment) {
        sd = sd->sender();
        if (sd != NULL) {
          bci = sd->bci();
        }
        ++scope_depth;
      }
    } while (recursive_exception || (!top_frame_only && handler_bci < 0 && sd != NULL));
  }

  // found handling method => lookup exception handler
  int catch_pco = ret_pc - nm->code_begin();

  ExceptionHandlerTable table(nm);
  HandlerTableEntry *t = table.entry_for(catch_pco, handler_bci, scope_depth);
  if (t == NULL && (nm->is_compiled_by_c1() || handler_bci != -1)) {
    // Allow abbreviated catch tables.  The idea is to allow a method
    // to materialize its exceptions without committing to the exact
    // routing of exceptions.  In particular this is needed for adding
    // a synthethic handler to unlock monitors when inlining
    // synchonized methods since the unlock path isn't represented in
    // the bytecodes.
    t = table.entry_for(catch_pco, -1, 0);
  }

#ifdef COMPILER1
  if (t == NULL && nm->is_compiled_by_c1()) {
    assert(nm->unwind_handler_begin() != NULL, "");
    return nm->unwind_handler_begin();
  }
#endif

  if (t == NULL) {
    tty->print_cr("MISSING EXCEPTION HANDLER for pc " INTPTR_FORMAT " and handler bci %d", ret_pc, handler_bci);
    tty->print_cr("   Exception:");
    exception->print();
    tty->cr();
    tty->print_cr(" Compiled exception table :");
    table.print();
    nm->print_code();
    guarantee(false, "missing exception handler");
    return NULL;
  }

  return nm->code_begin() + t->pco();
}

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_AbstractMethodError(JavaThread* thread))
  // These errors occur only at call sites
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_IncompatibleClassChangeError(JavaThread* thread))
  // These errors occur only at call sites
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), "vtable stub");
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_ArithmeticException(JavaThread* thread))
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), "/ by zero");
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_NullPointerException(JavaThread* thread))
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_NullPointerException_at_call(JavaThread* thread))
  // This entry point is effectively only used for NullPointerExceptions which occur at inline
  // cache sites (when the callee activation is not yet set up) so we are at a call site
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_StackOverflowError(JavaThread* thread))
  // We avoid using the normal exception construction in this case because
  // it performs an upcall to Java, and we're already out of stack space.
  Klass* k = SystemDictionary::StackOverflowError_klass();
  oop exception_oop = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK);
  Handle exception (thread, exception_oop);
  if (StackTraceInThrowable) {
    java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(exception);
  }
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, exception);
JRT_END

address SharedRuntime::continuation_for_implicit_exception(JavaThread* thread,
                                                           address pc,
                                                           SharedRuntime::ImplicitExceptionKind exception_kind)
{
  address target_pc = NULL;

  if (Interpreter::contains(pc)) {
#ifdef CC_INTERP
    // C++ interpreter doesn't throw implicit exceptions
    ShouldNotReachHere();
#else
    switch (exception_kind) {
      case IMPLICIT_NULL:           return Interpreter::throw_NullPointerException_entry();
      case IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: return Interpreter::throw_ArithmeticException_entry();
      case STACK_OVERFLOW:          return Interpreter::throw_StackOverflowError_entry();
      default:                      ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
#endif // !CC_INTERP
  } else {
    switch (exception_kind) {
      case STACK_OVERFLOW: {
        // Stack overflow only occurs upon frame setup; the callee is
        // going to be unwound. Dispatch to a shared runtime stub
        // which will cause the StackOverflowError to be fabricated
        // and processed.
        // For stack overflow in deoptimization blob, cleanup thread.
        if (thread->deopt_mark() != NULL) {
          Deoptimization::cleanup_deopt_info(thread, NULL);
        }
        Events::log_exception(thread, "StackOverflowError at " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
        return StubRoutines::throw_StackOverflowError_entry();
      }

      case IMPLICIT_NULL: {
        if (VtableStubs::contains(pc)) {
          // We haven't yet entered the callee frame. Fabricate an
          // exception and begin dispatching it in the caller. Since
          // the caller was at a call site, it's safe to destroy all
          // caller-saved registers, as these entry points do.
          VtableStub* vt_stub = VtableStubs::stub_containing(pc);

          // If vt_stub is NULL, then return NULL to signal handler to report the SEGV error.
          if (vt_stub == NULL) return NULL;

          if (vt_stub->is_abstract_method_error(pc)) {
            assert(!vt_stub->is_vtable_stub(), "should never see AbstractMethodErrors from vtable-type VtableStubs");
            Events::log_exception(thread, "AbstractMethodError at " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_AbstractMethodError_entry();
          } else {
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException at vtable entry " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }
        } else {
          CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(pc);

          // If code blob is NULL, then return NULL to signal handler to report the SEGV error.
          if (cb == NULL) return NULL;

          // Exception happened in CodeCache. Must be either:
          // 1. Inline-cache check in C2I handler blob,
          // 2. Inline-cache check in nmethod, or
          // 3. Implict null exception in nmethod

          if (!cb->is_nmethod()) {
            bool is_in_blob = cb->is_adapter_blob() || cb->is_method_handles_adapter_blob();
            if (!is_in_blob) {
              cb->print();
              fatal(err_msg("exception happened outside interpreter, nmethods and vtable stubs at pc " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc));
            }
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException in code blob at " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            // There is no handler here, so we will simply unwind.
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }

          // Otherwise, it's an nmethod.  Consult its exception handlers.
          nmethod* nm = (nmethod*)cb;
          if (nm->inlinecache_check_contains(pc)) {
            // exception happened inside inline-cache check code
            // => the nmethod is not yet active (i.e., the frame
            // is not set up yet) => use return address pushed by
            // caller => don't push another return address
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException in IC check " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }

          if (nm->method()->is_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
            // exception happened inside MH dispatch code, similar to a vtable stub
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException in MH adapter " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }

#ifndef PRODUCT
          _implicit_null_throws++;
#endif
          target_pc = nm->continuation_for_implicit_exception(pc);
          // If there's an unexpected fault, target_pc might be NULL,
          // in which case we want to fall through into the normal
          // error handling code.
        }

        break; // fall through
      }


      case IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: {
        nmethod* nm = CodeCache::find_nmethod(pc);
        guarantee(nm != NULL, "must have containing nmethod for implicit division-by-zero exceptions");
#ifndef PRODUCT
        _implicit_div0_throws++;
#endif
        target_pc = nm->continuation_for_implicit_exception(pc);
        // If there's an unexpected fault, target_pc might be NULL,
        // in which case we want to fall through into the normal
        // error handling code.
        break; // fall through
      }

      default: ShouldNotReachHere();
    }

    assert(exception_kind == IMPLICIT_NULL || exception_kind == IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "wrong implicit exception kind");

    // for AbortVMOnException flag
    NOT_PRODUCT(Exceptions::debug_check_abort("java.lang.NullPointerException"));
    if (exception_kind == IMPLICIT_NULL) {
      Events::log_exception(thread, "Implicit null exception at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc, target_pc);
    } else {
      Events::log_exception(thread, "Implicit division by zero exception at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc, target_pc);
    }
    return target_pc;
  }

  ShouldNotReachHere();
  return NULL;
}


/**
 * Throws an java/lang/UnsatisfiedLinkError.  The address of this method is
 * installed in the native function entry of all native Java methods before
 * they get linked to their actual native methods.
 *
 * \note
 * This method actually never gets called!  The reason is because
 * the interpreter's native entries call NativeLookup::lookup() which
 * throws the exception when the lookup fails.  The exception is then
 * caught and forwarded on the return from NativeLookup::lookup() call
 * before the call to the native function.  This might change in the future.
 */
JNI_ENTRY(void*, throw_unsatisfied_link_error(JNIEnv* env, ...))
{
  // We return a bad value here to make sure that the exception is
  // forwarded before we look at the return value.
  THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_UnsatisfiedLinkError(), (void*)badJNIHandle);
}
JNI_END

address SharedRuntime::native_method_throw_unsatisfied_link_error_entry() {
  return CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, &throw_unsatisfied_link_error);
}


#ifndef PRODUCT
JRT_ENTRY(intptr_t, SharedRuntime::trace_bytecode(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t preserve_this_value, intptr_t tos, intptr_t tos2))
  const frame f = thread->last_frame();
  assert(f.is_interpreted_frame(), "must be an interpreted frame");
#ifndef PRODUCT
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, f.interpreter_frame_method());
  BytecodeTracer::trace(mh, f.interpreter_frame_bcp(), tos, tos2);
#endif // !PRODUCT
  return preserve_this_value;
JRT_END
#endif // !PRODUCT


JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::yield_all(JavaThread* thread, int attempts))
  os::yield_all(attempts);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, SharedRuntime::register_finalizer(JavaThread* thread, oopDesc* obj))
  assert(obj->is_oop(), "must be a valid oop");
  assert(obj->klass()->has_finalizer(), "shouldn't be here otherwise");
  InstanceKlass::register_finalizer(instanceOop(obj), CHECK);
JRT_END


jlong SharedRuntime::get_java_tid(Thread* thread) {
  if (thread != NULL) {
    if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
      oop obj = ((JavaThread*)thread)->threadObj();
      return (obj == NULL) ? 0 : java_lang_Thread::thread_id(obj);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/**
 * This function ought to be a void function, but cannot be because
 * it gets turned into a tail-call on sparc, which runs into dtrace bug
 * 6254741.  Once that is fixed we can remove the dummy return value.
 */
int SharedRuntime::dtrace_object_alloc(oopDesc* o) {
  return dtrace_object_alloc_base(Thread::current(), o);
}

int SharedRuntime::dtrace_object_alloc_base(Thread* thread, oopDesc* o) {
  assert(DTraceAllocProbes, "wrong call");
  Klass* klass = o->klass();
  int size = o->size();
  Symbol* name = klass->name();
#ifndef USDT2
  HS_DTRACE_PROBE4(hotspot, object__alloc, get_java_tid(thread),
                   name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(), size * HeapWordSize);
#else /* USDT2 */
  HOTSPOT_OBJECT_ALLOC(
                   get_java_tid(thread),
                   (char *) name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(), size * HeapWordSize);
#endif /* USDT2 */
  return 0;
}

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::dtrace_method_entry(
    JavaThread* thread, Method* method))
  assert(DTraceMethodProbes, "wrong call");
  Symbol* kname = method->klass_name();
  Symbol* name = method->name();
  Symbol* sig = method->signature();
#ifndef USDT2
  HS_DTRACE_PROBE7(hotspot, method__entry, get_java_tid(thread),
      kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#else /* USDT2 */
  HOTSPOT_METHOD_ENTRY(
      get_java_tid(thread),
      (char *) kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      (char *) name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      (char *) sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#endif /* USDT2 */
  return 0;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::dtrace_method_exit(
    JavaThread* thread, Method* method))
  assert(DTraceMethodProbes, "wrong call");
  Symbol* kname = method->klass_name();
  Symbol* name = method->name();
  Symbol* sig = method->signature();
#ifndef USDT2
  HS_DTRACE_PROBE7(hotspot, method__return, get_java_tid(thread),
      kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#else /* USDT2 */
  HOTSPOT_METHOD_RETURN(
      get_java_tid(thread),
      (char *) kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      (char *) name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      (char *) sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#endif /* USDT2 */
  return 0;
JRT_END


// Finds receiver, CallInfo (i.e. receiver method), and calling bytecode)
// for a call current in progress, i.e., arguments has been pushed on stack
// put callee has not been invoked yet.  Used by: resolve virtual/static,
// vtable updates, etc.  Caller frame must be compiled.
Handle SharedRuntime::find_callee_info(JavaThread* thread, Bytecodes::Code& bc, CallInfo& callinfo, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

  // last java frame on stack (which includes native call frames)
  vframeStream vfst(thread, true);  // Do not skip and javaCalls

  return find_callee_info_helper(thread, vfst, bc, callinfo, CHECK_(Handle()));
}


// Finds receiver, CallInfo (i.e. receiver method), and calling bytecode
// for a call current in progress, i.e., arguments has been pushed on stack
// but callee has not been invoked yet.  Caller frame must be compiled.
Handle SharedRuntime::find_callee_info_helper(JavaThread* thread,
                                              vframeStream& vfst,
                                              Bytecodes::Code& bc,
                                              CallInfo& callinfo, TRAPS) {
  Handle receiver;
  Handle nullHandle;  //create a handy null handle for exception returns

  assert(!vfst.at_end(), "Java frame must exist");

  // Find caller and bci from vframe
  methodHandle caller(THREAD, vfst.method());
  int          bci   = vfst.bci();

  // Find bytecode
  Bytecode_invoke bytecode(caller, bci);
  bc = bytecode.invoke_code();
  int bytecode_index = bytecode.index();

  // Find receiver for non-static call
  if (bc != Bytecodes::_invokestatic &&
      bc != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic &&
      bc != Bytecodes::_invokehandle) {
    // This register map must be update since we need to find the receiver for
    // compiled frames. The receiver might be in a register.
    RegisterMap reg_map2(thread);
    frame stubFrame   = thread->last_frame();
    // Caller-frame is a compiled frame
    frame callerFrame = stubFrame.sender(®_map2);

    methodHandle callee = bytecode.static_target(CHECK_(nullHandle));
    if (callee.is_null()) {
      THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(), nullHandle);
    }
    // Retrieve from a compiled argument list
    receiver = Handle(THREAD, callerFrame.retrieve_receiver(®_map2));

    if (receiver.is_null()) {
      THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), nullHandle);
    }
  }

  // Resolve method. This is parameterized by bytecode.
  constantPoolHandle constants(THREAD, caller->constants());
  assert(receiver.is_null() || receiver->is_oop(), "wrong receiver");
  LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(callinfo, receiver, constants, bytecode_index, bc, CHECK_(nullHandle));

#ifdef ASSERT
  // Check that the receiver klass is of the right subtype and that it is initialized for virtual calls
  if (bc != Bytecodes::_invokestatic && bc != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic && bc != Bytecodes::_invokehandle) {
    assert(receiver.not_null(), "should have thrown exception");
    KlassHandle receiver_klass(THREAD, receiver->klass());
    Klass* rk = constants->klass_ref_at(bytecode_index, CHECK_(nullHandle));
                            // klass is already loaded
    KlassHandle static_receiver_klass(THREAD, rk);
    // Method handle invokes might have been optimized to a direct call
    // so don't check for the receiver class.
    // FIXME this weakens the assert too much
    methodHandle callee = callinfo.selected_method();
    assert(receiver_klass->is_subtype_of(static_receiver_klass()) ||
           callee->is_method_handle_intrinsic() ||
           callee->is_compiled_lambda_form(),
           "actual receiver must be subclass of static receiver klass");
    if (receiver_klass->oop_is_instance()) {
      if (InstanceKlass::cast(receiver_klass())->is_not_initialized()) {
        tty->print_cr("ERROR: Klass not yet initialized!!");
        receiver_klass()->print();
      }
      assert(!InstanceKlass::cast(receiver_klass())->is_not_initialized(), "receiver_klass must be initialized");
    }
  }
#endif

  return receiver;
}

methodHandle SharedRuntime::find_callee_method(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  // We need first to check if any Java activations (compiled, interpreted)
  // exist on the stack since last JavaCall.  If not, we need
  // to get the target method from the JavaCall wrapper.
  vframeStream vfst(thread, true);  // Do not skip any javaCalls
  methodHandle callee_method;
  if (vfst.at_end()) {
    // No Java frames were found on stack since we did the JavaCall.
    // Hence the stack can only contain an entry_frame.  We need to
    // find the target method from the stub frame.
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
    frame fr = thread->last_frame();
    assert(fr.is_runtime_frame(), "must be a runtimeStub");
    fr = fr.sender(®_map);
    assert(fr.is_entry_frame(), "must be");
    // fr is now pointing to the entry frame.
    callee_method = methodHandle(THREAD, fr.entry_frame_call_wrapper()->callee_method());
    assert(fr.entry_frame_call_wrapper()->receiver() == NULL || !callee_method->is_static(), "non-null receiver for static call??");
  } else {
    Bytecodes::Code bc;
    CallInfo callinfo;
    find_callee_info_helper(thread, vfst, bc, callinfo, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
    callee_method = callinfo.selected_method();
  }
  assert(callee_method()->is_method(), "must be");
  return callee_method;
}

// Resolves a call.
methodHandle SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(JavaThread *thread,
                                           bool is_virtual,
                                           bool is_optimized, TRAPS) {
  methodHandle callee_method;
  callee_method = resolve_sub_helper(thread, is_virtual, is_optimized, THREAD);
  if (JvmtiExport::can_hotswap_or_post_breakpoint()) {
    int retry_count = 0;
    while (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION && callee_method->is_old() &&
           callee_method->method_holder() != SystemDictionary::Object_klass()) {
      // If has a pending exception then there is no need to re-try to
      // resolve this method.
      // If the method has been redefined, we need to try again.
      // Hack: we have no way to update the vtables of arrays, so don't
      // require that java.lang.Object has been updated.

      // It is very unlikely that method is redefined more than 100 times
      // in the middle of resolve. If it is looping here more than 100 times
      // means then there could be a bug here.
      guarantee((retry_count++ < 100),
                "Could not resolve to latest version of redefined method");
      // method is redefined in the middle of resolve so re-try.
      callee_method = resolve_sub_helper(thread, is_virtual, is_optimized, THREAD);
    }
  }
  return callee_method;
}

// Resolves a call.  The compilers generate code for calls that go here
// and are patched with the real destination of the call.
methodHandle SharedRuntime::resolve_sub_helper(JavaThread *thread,
                                           bool is_virtual,
                                           bool is_optimized, TRAPS) {

  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  RegisterMap cbl_map(thread, false);
  frame caller_frame = thread->last_frame().sender(&cbl_map);

  CodeBlob* caller_cb = caller_frame.cb();
  guarantee(caller_cb != NULL && caller_cb->is_nmethod(), "must be called from nmethod");
  nmethod* caller_nm = caller_cb->as_nmethod_or_null();

  // make sure caller is not getting deoptimized
  // and removed before we are done with it.
  // CLEANUP - with lazy deopt shouldn't need this lock
  nmethodLocker caller_lock(caller_nm);

  // determine call info & receiver
  // note: a) receiver is NULL for static calls
  //       b) an exception is thrown if receiver is NULL for non-static calls
  CallInfo call_info;
  Bytecodes::Code invoke_code = Bytecodes::_illegal;
  Handle receiver = find_callee_info(thread, invoke_code,
                                     call_info, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
  methodHandle callee_method = call_info.selected_method();

  assert((!is_virtual && invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokestatic ) ||
         (!is_virtual && invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokehandle ) ||
         (!is_virtual && invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) ||
         ( is_virtual && invoke_code != Bytecodes::_invokestatic ), "inconsistent bytecode");

  // We do not patch the call site if the caller nmethod has been made non-entrant.
  if (!caller_nm->is_in_use()) {
    return callee_method;
  }

#ifndef PRODUCT
  // tracing/debugging/statistics
  int *addr = (is_optimized) ? (&_resolve_opt_virtual_ctr) :
                (is_virtual) ? (&_resolve_virtual_ctr) :
                               (&_resolve_static_ctr);
  Atomic::inc(addr);

  if (TraceCallFixup) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    tty->print("resolving %s%s (%s) call to",
      (is_optimized) ? "optimized " : "", (is_virtual) ? "virtual" : "static",
      Bytecodes::name(invoke_code));
    callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
    tty->print_cr(" at pc: " INTPTR_FORMAT " to code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, caller_frame.pc(), callee_method->code());
  }
#endif

  // JSR 292 key invariant:
  // If the resolved method is a MethodHandle invoke target the call
  // site must be a MethodHandle call site, because the lambda form might tail-call
  // leaving the stack in a state unknown to either caller or callee
  // TODO detune for now but we might need it again
//  assert(!callee_method->is_compiled_lambda_form() ||
//         caller_nm->is_method_handle_return(caller_frame.pc()), "must be MH call site");

  // Compute entry points. This might require generation of C2I converter
  // frames, so we cannot be holding any locks here. Furthermore, the
  // computation of the entry points is independent of patching the call.  We
  // always return the entry-point, but we only patch the stub if the call has
  // not been deoptimized.  Return values: For a virtual call this is an
  // (cached_oop, destination address) pair. For a static call/optimized
  // virtual this is just a destination address.

  StaticCallInfo static_call_info;
  CompiledICInfo virtual_call_info;

  // Make sure the callee nmethod does not get deoptimized and removed before
  // we are done patching the code.
  nmethod* callee_nm = callee_method->code();
  if (callee_nm != NULL && !callee_nm->is_in_use()) {
    // Patch call site to C2I adapter if callee nmethod is deoptimized or unloaded.
    callee_nm = NULL;
  }
  nmethodLocker nl_callee(callee_nm);
#ifdef ASSERT
  address dest_entry_point = callee_nm == NULL ? 0 : callee_nm->entry_point(); // used below
#endif

  if (is_virtual) {
    assert(receiver.not_null() || invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokehandle, "sanity check");
    bool static_bound = call_info.resolved_method()->can_be_statically_bound();
    KlassHandle h_klass(THREAD, invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokehandle ? NULL : receiver->klass());
    CompiledIC::compute_monomorphic_entry(callee_method, h_klass,
                     is_optimized, static_bound, virtual_call_info,
                     CHECK_(methodHandle()));
  } else {
    // static call
    CompiledStaticCall::compute_entry(callee_method, static_call_info);
  }

  // grab lock, check for deoptimization and potentially patch caller
  {
    MutexLocker ml_patch(CompiledIC_lock);

    // Lock blocks for safepoint during which both nmethods can change state.

    // Now that we are ready to patch if the Method* was redefined then
    // don't update call site and let the caller retry.
    // Don't update call site if caller nmethod has been made non-entrant
    // as it is a waste of time.
    // Don't update call site if callee nmethod was unloaded or deoptimized.
    // Don't update call site if callee nmethod was replaced by an other nmethod
    // which may happen when multiply alive nmethod (tiered compilation)
    // will be supported.
    if (!callee_method->is_old() && caller_nm->is_in_use() &&
        (callee_nm == NULL || callee_nm->is_in_use() && (callee_method->code() == callee_nm))) {
#ifdef ASSERT
      // We must not try to patch to jump to an already unloaded method.
      if (dest_entry_point != 0) {
        CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(dest_entry_point);
        assert((cb != NULL) && cb->is_nmethod() && (((nmethod*)cb) == callee_nm),
               "should not call unloaded nmethod");
      }
#endif
      if (is_virtual) {
        nmethod* nm = callee_nm;
        if (nm == NULL) CodeCache::find_blob(caller_frame.pc());
        CompiledIC* inline_cache = CompiledIC_before(caller_nm, caller_frame.pc());
        if (inline_cache->is_clean()) {
          inline_cache->set_to_monomorphic(virtual_call_info);
        }
      } else {
        CompiledStaticCall* ssc = compiledStaticCall_before(caller_frame.pc());
        if (ssc->is_clean()) ssc->set(static_call_info);
      }
    }

  } // unlock CompiledIC_lock

  return callee_method;
}


// Inline caches exist only in compiled code
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_ic_miss(JavaThread* thread))
#ifdef ASSERT
  RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
  frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
  assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame(), "sanity check");
  frame caller_frame = stub_frame.sender(®_map);
  assert(!caller_frame.is_interpreted_frame() && !caller_frame.is_entry_frame(), "unexpected frame");
#endif /* ASSERT */

  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::handle_ic_miss_helper(thread, CHECK_NULL);
    // Return Method* through TLS
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END


// Handle call site that has been made non-entrant
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method(JavaThread* thread))
  // 6243940 We might end up in here if the callee is deoptimized
  // as we race to call it.  We don't want to take a safepoint if
  // the caller was interpreted because the caller frame will look
  // interpreted to the stack walkers and arguments are now
  // "compiled" so it is much better to make this transition
  // invisible to the stack walking code. The i2c path will
  // place the callee method in the callee_target. It is stashed
  // there because if we try and find the callee by normal means a
  // safepoint is possible and have trouble gc'ing the compiled args.
  RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
  frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
  assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame(), "sanity check");
  frame caller_frame = stub_frame.sender(®_map);

  if (caller_frame.is_interpreted_frame() ||
      caller_frame.is_entry_frame()) {
    Method* callee = thread->callee_target();
    guarantee(callee != NULL && callee->is_method(), "bad handshake");
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee);
    thread->set_callee_target(NULL);
    return callee->get_c2i_entry();
  }

  // Must be compiled to compiled path which is safe to stackwalk
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    // Force resolving of caller (if we called from compiled frame)
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::reresolve_call_site(thread, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END

// Handle abstract method call
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_abstract(JavaThread* thread))
  return StubRoutines::throw_AbstractMethodError_entry();
JRT_END


// resolve a static call and patch code
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_static_call_C(JavaThread *thread ))
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(thread, false, false, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END


// resolve virtual call and update inline cache to monomorphic
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_virtual_call_C(JavaThread *thread ))
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(thread, true, false, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END


// Resolve a virtual call that can be statically bound (e.g., always
// monomorphic, so it has no inline cache).  Patch code to resolved target.
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_opt_virtual_call_C(JavaThread *thread))
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(thread, true, true, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END





methodHandle SharedRuntime::handle_ic_miss_helper(JavaThread *thread, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  CallInfo call_info;
  Bytecodes::Code bc;

  // receiver is NULL for static calls. An exception is thrown for NULL
  // receivers for non-static calls
  Handle receiver = find_callee_info(thread, bc, call_info,
                                     CHECK_(methodHandle()));
  // Compiler1 can produce virtual call sites that can actually be statically bound
  // If we fell thru to below we would think that the site was going megamorphic
  // when in fact the site can never miss. Worse because we'd think it was megamorphic
  // we'd try and do a vtable dispatch however methods that can be statically bound
  // don't have vtable entries (vtable_index < 0) and we'd blow up. So we force a
  // reresolution of the  call site (as if we did a handle_wrong_method and not an
  // plain ic_miss) and the site will be converted to an optimized virtual call site
  // never to miss again. I don't believe C2 will produce code like this but if it
  // did this would still be the correct thing to do for it too, hence no ifdef.
  //
  if (call_info.resolved_method()->can_be_statically_bound()) {
    methodHandle callee_method = SharedRuntime::reresolve_call_site(thread, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
    if (TraceCallFixup) {
      RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
      frame caller_frame = thread->last_frame().sender(®_map);
      ResourceMark rm(thread);
      tty->print("converting IC miss to reresolve (%s) call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
      callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
      tty->print_cr(" from pc: " INTPTR_FORMAT, caller_frame.pc());
      tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
    }
    return callee_method;
  }

  methodHandle callee_method = call_info.selected_method();

  bool should_be_mono = false;

#ifndef PRODUCT
  Atomic::inc(&_ic_miss_ctr);

  // Statistics & Tracing
  if (TraceCallFixup) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    tty->print("IC miss (%s) call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
    callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
    tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
  }

  if (ICMissHistogram) {
    MutexLocker m(VMStatistic_lock);
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
    frame f = thread->last_frame().real_sender(®_map);// skip runtime stub
    // produce statistics under the lock
    trace_ic_miss(f.pc());
  }
#endif

  // install an event collector so that when a vtable stub is created the
  // profiler can be notified via a DYNAMIC_CODE_GENERATED event. The
  // event can't be posted when the stub is created as locks are held
  // - instead the event will be deferred until the event collector goes
  // out of scope.
  JvmtiDynamicCodeEventCollector event_collector;

  // Update inline cache to megamorphic. Skip update if caller has been
  // made non-entrant or we are called from interpreted.
  { MutexLocker ml_patch (CompiledIC_lock);
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
    frame caller_frame = thread->last_frame().sender(®_map);
    CodeBlob* cb = caller_frame.cb();
    if (cb->is_nmethod() && ((nmethod*)cb)->is_in_use()) {
      // Not a non-entrant nmethod, so find inline_cache
      CompiledIC* inline_cache = CompiledIC_before(((nmethod*)cb), caller_frame.pc());
      bool should_be_mono = false;
      if (inline_cache->is_optimized()) {
        if (TraceCallFixup) {
          ResourceMark rm(thread);
          tty->print("OPTIMIZED IC miss (%s) call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
          callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
          tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
        }
        should_be_mono = true;
      } else if (inline_cache->is_icholder_call()) {
        CompiledICHolder* ic_oop = inline_cache->cached_icholder();
        if ( ic_oop != NULL) {

          if (receiver()->klass() == ic_oop->holder_klass()) {
            // This isn't a real miss. We must have seen that compiled code
            // is now available and we want the call site converted to a
            // monomorphic compiled call site.
            // We can't assert for callee_method->code() != NULL because it
            // could have been deoptimized in the meantime
            if (TraceCallFixup) {
              ResourceMark rm(thread);
              tty->print("FALSE IC miss (%s) converting to compiled call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
              callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
              tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
            }
            should_be_mono = true;
          }
        }
      }

      if (should_be_mono) {

        // We have a path that was monomorphic but was going interpreted
        // and now we have (or had) a compiled entry. We correct the IC
        // by using a new icBuffer.
        CompiledICInfo info;
        KlassHandle receiver_klass(THREAD, receiver()->klass());
        inline_cache->compute_monomorphic_entry(callee_method,
                                                receiver_klass,
                                                inline_cache->is_optimized(),
                                                false,
                                                info, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
        inline_cache->set_to_monomorphic(info);
      } else if (!inline_cache->is_megamorphic() && !inline_cache->is_clean()) {
        // Potential change to megamorphic
        bool successful = inline_cache->set_to_megamorphic(&call_info, bc, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
        if (!successful) {
          inline_cache->set_to_clean();
        }
      } else {
        // Either clean or megamorphic
      }
    }
  } // Release CompiledIC_lock

  return callee_method;
}

//
// Resets a call-site in compiled code so it will get resolved again.
// This routines handles both virtual call sites, optimized virtual call
// sites, and static call sites. Typically used to change a call sites
// destination from compiled to interpreted.
//
methodHandle SharedRuntime::reresolve_call_site(JavaThread *thread, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
  frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
  assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame(), "must be a runtimeStub");
  frame caller = stub_frame.sender(®_map);

  // Do nothing if the frame isn't a live compiled frame.
  // nmethod could be deoptimized by the time we get here
  // so no update to the caller is needed.

  if (caller.is_compiled_frame() && !caller.is_deoptimized_frame()) {

    address pc = caller.pc();

    // Default call_addr is the location of the "basic" call.
    // Determine the address of the call we a reresolving. With
    // Inline Caches we will always find a recognizable call.
    // With Inline Caches disabled we may or may not find a
    // recognizable call. We will always find a call for static
    // calls and for optimized virtual calls. For vanilla virtual
    // calls it depends on the state of the UseInlineCaches switch.
    //
    // With Inline Caches disabled we can get here for a virtual call
    // for two reasons:
    //   1 - calling an abstract method. The vtable for abstract methods
    //       will run us thru handle_wrong_method and we will eventually
    //       end up in the interpreter to throw the ame.
    //   2 - a racing deoptimization. We could be doing a vanilla vtable
    //       call and between the time we fetch the entry address and
    //       we jump to it the target gets deoptimized. Similar to 1
    //       we will wind up in the interprter (thru a c2i with c2).
    //
    address call_addr = NULL;
    {
      // Get call instruction under lock because another thread may be
      // busy patching it.
      MutexLockerEx ml_patch(Patching_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
      // Location of call instruction
      if (NativeCall::is_call_before(pc)) {
        NativeCall *ncall = nativeCall_before(pc);
        call_addr = ncall->instruction_address();
      }
    }

    // Check for static or virtual call
    bool is_static_call = false;
    nmethod* caller_nm = CodeCache::find_nmethod(pc);
    // Make sure nmethod doesn't get deoptimized and removed until
    // this is done with it.
    // CLEANUP - with lazy deopt shouldn't need this lock
    nmethodLocker nmlock(caller_nm);

    if (call_addr != NULL) {
      RelocIterator iter(caller_nm, call_addr, call_addr+1);
      int ret = iter.next(); // Get item
      if (ret) {
        assert(iter.addr() == call_addr, "must find call");
        if (iter.type() == relocInfo::static_call_type) {
          is_static_call = true;
        } else {
          assert(iter.type() == relocInfo::virtual_call_type ||
                 iter.type() == relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type
                , "unexpected relocInfo. type");
        }
      } else {
        assert(!UseInlineCaches, "relocation info. must exist for this address");
      }

      // Cleaning the inline cache will force a new resolve. This is more robust
      // than directly setting it to the new destination, since resolving of calls
      // is always done through the same code path. (experience shows that it
      // leads to very hard to track down bugs, if an inline cache gets updated
      // to a wrong method). It should not be performance critical, since the
      // resolve is only done once.

      MutexLocker ml(CompiledIC_lock);
      //
      // We do not patch the call site if the nmethod has been made non-entrant
      // as it is a waste of time
      //
      if (caller_nm->is_in_use()) {
        if (is_static_call) {
          CompiledStaticCall* ssc= compiledStaticCall_at(call_addr);
          ssc->set_to_clean();
        } else {
          // compiled, dispatched call (which used to call an interpreted method)
          CompiledIC* inline_cache = CompiledIC_at(caller_nm, call_addr);
          inline_cache->set_to_clean();
        }
      }
    }

  }

  methodHandle callee_method = find_callee_method(thread, CHECK_(methodHandle()));


#ifndef PRODUCT
  Atomic::inc(&_wrong_method_ctr);

  if (TraceCallFixup) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    tty->print("handle_wrong_method reresolving call to");
    callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
    tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
  }
#endif

  return callee_method;
}

#ifdef ASSERT
void SharedRuntime::check_member_name_argument_is_last_argument(methodHandle method,
                                                                const BasicType* sig_bt,
                                                                const VMRegPair* regs) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  const int total_args_passed = method->size_of_parameters();
  const VMRegPair*    regs_with_member_name = regs;
        VMRegPair* regs_without_member_name = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, total_args_passed - 1);

  const int member_arg_pos = total_args_passed - 1;
  assert(member_arg_pos >= 0 && member_arg_pos < total_args_passed, "oob");
  assert(sig_bt[member_arg_pos] == T_OBJECT, "dispatch argument must be an object");

  const bool is_outgoing = method->is_method_handle_intrinsic();
  int comp_args_on_stack = java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs_without_member_name, total_args_passed - 1, is_outgoing);

  for (int i = 0; i < member_arg_pos; i++) {
    VMReg a =    regs_with_member_name[i].first();
    VMReg b = regs_without_member_name[i].first();
    assert(a->value() == b->value(), err_msg_res("register allocation mismatch: a=%d, b=%d", a->value(), b->value()));
  }
  assert(regs_with_member_name[member_arg_pos].first()->is_valid(), "bad member arg");
}
#endif

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// We are calling the interpreter via a c2i. Normally this would mean that
// we were called by a compiled method. However we could have lost a race
// where we went int -> i2c -> c2i and so the caller could in fact be
// interpreted. If the caller is compiled we attempt to patch the caller
// so he no longer calls into the interpreter.
IRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::fixup_callers_callsite(Method* method, address caller_pc))
  Method* moop(method);

  address entry_point = moop->from_compiled_entry();

  // It's possible that deoptimization can occur at a call site which hasn't
  // been resolved yet, in which case this function will be called from
  // an nmethod that has been patched for deopt and we can ignore the
  // request for a fixup.
  // Also it is possible that we lost a race in that from_compiled_entry
  // is now back to the i2c in that case we don't need to patch and if
  // we did we'd leap into space because the callsite needs to use
  // "to interpreter" stub in order to load up the Method*. Don't
  // ask me how I know this...

  CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(caller_pc);
  if (!cb->is_nmethod() || entry_point == moop->get_c2i_entry()) {
    return;
  }

  // The check above makes sure this is a nmethod.
  nmethod* nm = cb->as_nmethod_or_null();
  assert(nm, "must be");

  // Get the return PC for the passed caller PC.
  address return_pc = caller_pc + frame::pc_return_offset;

  // There is a benign race here. We could be attempting to patch to a compiled
  // entry point at the same time the callee is being deoptimized. If that is
  // the case then entry_point may in fact point to a c2i and we'd patch the
  // call site with the same old data. clear_code will set code() to NULL
  // at the end of it. If we happen to see that NULL then we can skip trying
  // to patch. If we hit the window where the callee has a c2i in the
  // from_compiled_entry and the NULL isn't present yet then we lose the race
  // and patch the code with the same old data. Asi es la vida.

  if (moop->code() == NULL) return;

  if (nm->is_in_use()) {

    // Expect to find a native call there (unless it was no-inline cache vtable dispatch)
    MutexLockerEx ml_patch(Patching_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    if (NativeCall::is_call_before(return_pc)) {
      NativeCall *call = nativeCall_before(return_pc);
      //
      // bug 6281185. We might get here after resolving a call site to a vanilla
      // virtual call. Because the resolvee uses the verified entry it may then
      // see compiled code and attempt to patch the site by calling us. This would
      // then incorrectly convert the call site to optimized and its downhill from
      // there. If you're lucky you'll get the assert in the bugid, if not you've
      // just made a call site that could be megamorphic into a monomorphic site
      // for the rest of its life! Just another racing bug in the life of
      // fixup_callers_callsite ...
      //
      RelocIterator iter(nm, call->instruction_address(), call->next_instruction_address());
      iter.next();
      assert(iter.has_current(), "must have a reloc at java call site");
      relocInfo::relocType typ = iter.reloc()->type();
      if ( typ != relocInfo::static_call_type &&
           typ != relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type &&
           typ != relocInfo::static_stub_type) {
        return;
      }
      address destination = call->destination();
      if (destination != entry_point) {
        CodeBlob* callee = CodeCache::find_blob(destination);
        // callee == cb seems weird. It means calling interpreter thru stub.
        if (callee == cb || callee->is_adapter_blob()) {
          // static call or optimized virtual
          if (TraceCallFixup) {
            tty->print("fixup callsite           at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to compiled code for", caller_pc);
            moop->print_short_name(tty);
            tty->print_cr(" to " INTPTR_FORMAT, entry_point);
          }
          call->set_destination_mt_safe(entry_point);
        } else {
          if (TraceCallFixup) {
            tty->print("failed to fixup callsite at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to compiled code for", caller_pc);
            moop->print_short_name(tty);
            tty->print_cr(" to " INTPTR_FORMAT, entry_point);
          }
          // assert is too strong could also be resolve destinations.
          // assert(InlineCacheBuffer::contains(destination) || VtableStubs::contains(destination), "must be");
        }
      } else {
          if (TraceCallFixup) {
            tty->print("already patched callsite at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to compiled code for", caller_pc);
            moop->print_short_name(tty);
            tty->print_cr(" to " INTPTR_FORMAT, entry_point);
          }
      }
    }
  }
IRT_END


// same as JVM_Arraycopy, but called directly from compiled code
JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::slow_arraycopy_C(oopDesc* src,  jint src_pos,
                                                oopDesc* dest, jint dest_pos,
                                                jint length,
                                                JavaThread* thread)) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _slow_array_copy_ctr++;
#endif
  // Check if we have null pointers
  if (src == NULL || dest == NULL) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  }
  // Do the copy.  The casts to arrayOop are necessary to the copy_array API,
  // even though the copy_array API also performs dynamic checks to ensure
  // that src and dest are truly arrays (and are conformable).
  // The copy_array mechanism is awkward and could be removed, but
  // the compilers don't call this function except as a last resort,
  // so it probably doesn't matter.
  src->klass()->copy_array((arrayOopDesc*)src,  src_pos,
                                        (arrayOopDesc*)dest, dest_pos,
                                        length, thread);
}
JRT_END

char* SharedRuntime::generate_class_cast_message(
    JavaThread* thread, const char* objName) {

  // Get target class name from the checkcast instruction
  vframeStream vfst(thread, true);
  assert(!vfst.at_end(), "Java frame must exist");
  Bytecode_checkcast cc(vfst.method(), vfst.method()->bcp_from(vfst.bci()));
  Klass* targetKlass = vfst.method()->constants()->klass_at(
    cc.index(), thread);
  return generate_class_cast_message(objName, targetKlass->external_name());
}

char* SharedRuntime::generate_class_cast_message(
    const char* objName, const char* targetKlassName, const char* desc) {
  size_t msglen = strlen(objName) + strlen(desc) + strlen(targetKlassName) + 1;

  char* message = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, msglen);
  if (NULL == message) {
    // Shouldn't happen, but don't cause even more problems if it does
    message = const_cast<char*>(objName);
  } else {
    jio_snprintf(message, msglen, "%s%s%s", objName, desc, targetKlassName);
  }
  return message;
}

JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::reguard_yellow_pages())
  (void) JavaThread::current()->reguard_stack();
JRT_END


// Handles the uncommon case in locking, i.e., contention or an inflated lock.
#ifndef PRODUCT
int SharedRuntime::_monitor_enter_ctr=0;
#endif
JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, SharedRuntime::complete_monitor_locking_C(oopDesc* _obj, BasicLock* lock, JavaThread* thread))
  oop obj(_obj);
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _monitor_enter_ctr++;             // monitor enter slow
#endif
  if (PrintBiasedLockingStatistics) {
    Atomic::inc(BiasedLocking::slow_path_entry_count_addr());
  }
  Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
  if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    // Retry fast entry if bias is revoked to avoid unnecessary inflation
    ObjectSynchronizer::fast_enter(h_obj, lock, true, CHECK);
  } else {
    ObjectSynchronizer::slow_enter(h_obj, lock, CHECK);
  }
  assert(!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION, "Should have no exception here");
JRT_END

#ifndef PRODUCT
int SharedRuntime::_monitor_exit_ctr=0;
#endif
// Handles the uncommon cases of monitor unlocking in compiled code
JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::complete_monitor_unlocking_C(oopDesc* _obj, BasicLock* lock))
   oop obj(_obj);
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _monitor_exit_ctr++;              // monitor exit slow
#endif
  Thread* THREAD = JavaThread::current();
  // I'm not convinced we need the code contained by MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING anymore
  // testing was unable to ever fire the assert that guarded it so I have removed it.
  assert(!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION, "Do we need code below anymore?");
#undef MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING
#ifdef MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING
  // Save and restore any pending_exception around the exception mark.
  // While the slow_exit must not throw an exception, we could come into
  // this routine with one set.
  oop pending_excep = NULL;
  const char* pending_file;
  int pending_line;
  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
    pending_excep = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
    pending_file  = THREAD->exception_file();
    pending_line  = THREAD->exception_line();
    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
  }
#endif /* MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING */

  {
    // Exit must be non-blocking, and therefore no exceptions can be thrown.
    EXCEPTION_MARK;
    ObjectSynchronizer::slow_exit(obj, lock, THREAD);
  }

#ifdef MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING
  if (pending_excep != NULL) {
    THREAD->set_pending_exception(pending_excep, pending_file, pending_line);
  }
#endif /* MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING */
JRT_END

#ifndef PRODUCT

void SharedRuntime::print_statistics() {
  ttyLocker ttyl;
  if (xtty != NULL)  xtty->head("statistics type='SharedRuntime'");

  if (_monitor_enter_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor enter slow",  _monitor_enter_ctr);
  if (_monitor_exit_ctr  ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor exit slow",   _monitor_exit_ctr);
  if (_throw_null_ctr) tty->print_cr("%5d implicit null throw", _throw_null_ctr);

  SharedRuntime::print_ic_miss_histogram();

  if (CountRemovableExceptions) {
    if (_nof_removable_exceptions > 0) {
      Unimplemented(); // this counter is not yet incremented
      tty->print_cr("Removable exceptions: %d", _nof_removable_exceptions);
    }
  }

  // Dump the JRT_ENTRY counters
  if( _new_instance_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d new instance requires GC", _new_instance_ctr);
  if( _new_array_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d new array requires GC", _new_array_ctr);
  if( _multi1_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 1 dim", _multi1_ctr);
  if( _multi2_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 2 dim", _multi2_ctr);
  if( _multi3_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 3 dim", _multi3_ctr);
  if( _multi4_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 4 dim", _multi4_ctr);
  if( _multi5_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 5 dim", _multi5_ctr);

  tty->print_cr("%5d inline cache miss in compiled", _ic_miss_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d wrong method", _wrong_method_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d unresolved static call site", _resolve_static_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d unresolved virtual call site", _resolve_virtual_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d unresolved opt virtual call site", _resolve_opt_virtual_ctr );

  if( _mon_enter_stub_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor enter stub", _mon_enter_stub_ctr );
  if( _mon_exit_stub_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor exit stub", _mon_exit_stub_ctr );
  if( _mon_enter_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor enter slow", _mon_enter_ctr );
  if( _mon_exit_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor exit slow", _mon_exit_ctr );
  if( _partial_subtype_ctr) tty->print_cr("%5d slow partial subtype", _partial_subtype_ctr );
  if( _jbyte_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d byte array copies", _jbyte_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _jshort_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d short array copies", _jshort_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _jint_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d int array copies", _jint_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _jlong_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d long array copies", _jlong_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _oop_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d oop array copies", _oop_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _checkcast_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d checkcast array copies", _checkcast_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _unsafe_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d unsafe array copies", _unsafe_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _generic_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d generic array copies", _generic_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _slow_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d slow array copies", _slow_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _find_handler_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d find exception handler", _find_handler_ctr );
  if( _rethrow_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d rethrow handler", _rethrow_ctr );

  AdapterHandlerLibrary::print_statistics();

  if (xtty != NULL)  xtty->tail("statistics");
}

inline double percent(int x, int y) {
  return 100.0 * x / MAX2(y, 1);
}

class MethodArityHistogram {
 public:
  enum { MAX_ARITY = 256 };
 private:
  static int _arity_histogram[MAX_ARITY];     // histogram of #args
  static int _size_histogram[MAX_ARITY];      // histogram of arg size in words
  static int _max_arity;                      // max. arity seen
  static int _max_size;                       // max. arg size seen

  static void add_method_to_histogram(nmethod* nm) {
    Method* m = nm->method();
    ArgumentCount args(m->signature());
    int arity   = args.size() + (m->is_static() ? 0 : 1);
    int argsize = m->size_of_parameters();
    arity   = MIN2(arity, MAX_ARITY-1);
    argsize = MIN2(argsize, MAX_ARITY-1);
    int count = nm->method()->compiled_invocation_count();
    _arity_histogram[arity]  += count;
    _size_histogram[argsize] += count;
    _max_arity = MAX2(_max_arity, arity);
    _max_size  = MAX2(_max_size, argsize);
  }

  void print_histogram_helper(int n, int* histo, const char* name) {
    const int N = MIN2(5, n);
    tty->print_cr("\nHistogram of call arity (incl. rcvr, calls to compiled methods only):");
    double sum = 0;
    double weighted_sum = 0;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) { sum += histo[i]; weighted_sum += i*histo[i]; }
    double rest = sum;
    double percent = sum / 100;
    for (i = 0; i <= N; i++) {
      rest -= histo[i];
      tty->print_cr("%4d: %7d (%5.1f%%)", i, histo[i], histo[i] / percent);
    }
    tty->print_cr("rest: %7d (%5.1f%%))", (int)rest, rest / percent);
    tty->print_cr("(avg. %s = %3.1f, max = %d)", name, weighted_sum / sum, n);
  }

  void print_histogram() {
    tty->print_cr("\nHistogram of call arity (incl. rcvr, calls to compiled methods only):");
    print_histogram_helper(_max_arity, _arity_histogram, "arity");
    tty->print_cr("\nSame for parameter size (in words):");
    print_histogram_helper(_max_size, _size_histogram, "size");
    tty->cr();
  }

 public:
  MethodArityHistogram() {
    MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    _max_arity = _max_size = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ARITY; i++) _arity_histogram[i] = _size_histogram [i] = 0;
    CodeCache::nmethods_do(add_method_to_histogram);
    print_histogram();
  }
};

int MethodArityHistogram::_arity_histogram[MethodArityHistogram::MAX_ARITY];
int MethodArityHistogram::_size_histogram[MethodArityHistogram::MAX_ARITY];
int MethodArityHistogram::_max_arity;
int MethodArityHistogram::_max_size;

void SharedRuntime::print_call_statistics(int comp_total) {
  tty->print_cr("Calls from compiled code:");
  int total  = _nof_normal_calls + _nof_interface_calls + _nof_static_calls;
  int mono_c = _nof_normal_calls - _nof_optimized_calls - _nof_megamorphic_calls;
  int mono_i = _nof_interface_calls - _nof_optimized_interface_calls - _nof_megamorphic_interface_calls;
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) total non-inlined   ", total, percent(total, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) virtual calls       ", _nof_normal_calls, percent(_nof_normal_calls, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   inlined          ", _nof_inlined_calls, percent(_nof_inlined_calls, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   optimized        ", _nof_optimized_calls, percent(_nof_optimized_calls, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   monomorphic      ", mono_c, percent(mono_c, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   megamorphic      ", _nof_megamorphic_calls, percent(_nof_megamorphic_calls, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) interface calls     ", _nof_interface_calls, percent(_nof_interface_calls, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   inlined          ", _nof_inlined_interface_calls, percent(_nof_inlined_interface_calls, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   optimized        ", _nof_optimized_interface_calls, percent(_nof_optimized_interface_calls, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   monomorphic      ", mono_i, percent(mono_i, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   megamorphic      ", _nof_megamorphic_interface_calls, percent(_nof_megamorphic_interface_calls, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) static/special calls", _nof_static_calls, percent(_nof_static_calls, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   inlined          ", _nof_inlined_static_calls, percent(_nof_inlined_static_calls, _nof_static_calls));
  tty->cr();
  tty->print_cr("Note 1: counter updates are not MT-safe.");
  tty->print_cr("Note 2: %% in major categories are relative to total non-inlined calls;");
  tty->print_cr("        %% in nested categories are relative to their category");
  tty->print_cr("        (and thus add up to more than 100%% with inlining)");
  tty->cr();

  MethodArityHistogram h;
}
#endif


// A simple wrapper class around the calling convention information
// that allows sharing of adapters for the same calling convention.
class AdapterFingerPrint : public CHeapObj<mtCode> {
 private:
  enum {
    _basic_type_bits = 4,
    _basic_type_mask = right_n_bits(_basic_type_bits),
    _basic_types_per_int = BitsPerInt / _basic_type_bits,
    _compact_int_count = 3
  };
  // TO DO:  Consider integrating this with a more global scheme for compressing signatures.
  // For now, 4 bits per components (plus T_VOID gaps after double/long) is not excessive.

  union {
    int  _compact[_compact_int_count];
    int* _fingerprint;
  } _value;
  int _length; // A negative length indicates the fingerprint is in the compact form,
               // Otherwise _value._fingerprint is the array.

  // Remap BasicTypes that are handled equivalently by the adapters.
  // These are correct for the current system but someday it might be
  // necessary to make this mapping platform dependent.
  static int adapter_encoding(BasicType in) {
    switch(in) {
      case T_BOOLEAN:
      case T_BYTE:
      case T_SHORT:
      case T_CHAR:
        // There are all promoted to T_INT in the calling convention
        return T_INT;

      case T_OBJECT:
      case T_ARRAY:
        // In other words, we assume that any register good enough for
        // an int or long is good enough for a managed pointer.
#ifdef _LP64
        return T_LONG;
#else
        return T_INT;
#endif

      case T_INT:
      case T_LONG:
      case T_FLOAT:
      case T_DOUBLE:
      case T_VOID:
        return in;

      default:
        ShouldNotReachHere();
        return T_CONFLICT;
    }
  }

 public:
  AdapterFingerPrint(int total_args_passed, BasicType* sig_bt) {
    // The fingerprint is based on the BasicType signature encoded
    // into an array of ints with eight entries per int.
    int* ptr;
    int len = (total_args_passed + (_basic_types_per_int-1)) / _basic_types_per_int;
    if (len <= _compact_int_count) {
      assert(_compact_int_count == 3, "else change next line");
      _value._compact[0] = _value._compact[1] = _value._compact[2] = 0;
      // Storing the signature encoded as signed chars hits about 98%
      // of the time.
      _length = -len;
      ptr = _value._compact;
    } else {
      _length = len;
      _value._fingerprint = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, _length, mtCode);
      ptr = _value._fingerprint;
    }

    // Now pack the BasicTypes with 8 per int
    int sig_index = 0;
    for (int index = 0; index < len; index++) {
      int value = 0;
      for (int byte = 0; byte < _basic_types_per_int; byte++) {
        int bt = ((sig_index < total_args_passed)
                  ? adapter_encoding(sig_bt[sig_index++])
                  : 0);
        assert((bt & _basic_type_mask) == bt, "must fit in 4 bits");
        value = (value << _basic_type_bits) | bt;
      }
      ptr[index] = value;
    }
  }

  ~AdapterFingerPrint() {
    if (_length > 0) {
      FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, _value._fingerprint, mtCode);
    }
  }

  int value(int index) {
    if (_length < 0) {
      return _value._compact[index];
    }
    return _value._fingerprint[index];
  }
  int length() {
    if (_length < 0) return -_length;
    return _length;
  }

  bool is_compact() {
    return _length <= 0;
  }

  unsigned int compute_hash() {
    int hash = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
      int v = value(i);
      hash = (hash << 8) ^ v ^ (hash >> 5);
    }
    return (unsigned int)hash;
  }

  const char* as_string() {
    stringStream st;
    st.print("0x");
    for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
      st.print("%08x", value(i));
    }
    return st.as_string();
  }

  bool equals(AdapterFingerPrint* other) {
    if (other->_length != _length) {
      return false;
    }
    if (_length < 0) {
      assert(_compact_int_count == 3, "else change next line");
      return _value._compact[0] == other->_value._compact[0] &&
             _value._compact[1] == other->_value._compact[1] &&
             _value._compact[2] == other->_value._compact[2];
    } else {
      for (int i = 0; i < _length; i++) {
        if (_value._fingerprint[i] != other->_value._fingerprint[i]) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    return true;
  }
};


// A hashtable mapping from AdapterFingerPrints to AdapterHandlerEntries
class AdapterHandlerTable : public BasicHashtable<mtCode> {
  friend class AdapterHandlerTableIterator;

 private:

#ifndef PRODUCT
  static int _lookups; // number of calls to lookup
  static int _buckets; // number of buckets checked
  static int _equals;  // number of buckets checked with matching hash
  static int _hits;    // number of successful lookups
  static int _compact; // number of equals calls with compact signature
#endif

  AdapterHandlerEntry* bucket(int i) {
    return (AdapterHandlerEntry*)BasicHashtable<mtCode>::bucket(i);
  }

 public:
  AdapterHandlerTable()
    : BasicHashtable<mtCode>(293, sizeof(AdapterHandlerEntry)) { }

  // Create a new entry suitable for insertion in the table
  AdapterHandlerEntry* new_entry(AdapterFingerPrint* fingerprint, address i2c_entry, address c2i_entry, address c2i_unverified_entry) {
    AdapterHandlerEntry* entry = (AdapterHandlerEntry*)BasicHashtable<mtCode>::new_entry(fingerprint->compute_hash());
    entry->init(fingerprint, i2c_entry, c2i_entry, c2i_unverified_entry);
    return entry;
  }

  // Insert an entry into the table
  void add(AdapterHandlerEntry* entry) {
    int index = hash_to_index(entry->hash());
    add_entry(index, entry);
  }

  void free_entry(AdapterHandlerEntry* entry) {
    entry->deallocate();
    BasicHashtable<mtCode>::free_entry(entry);
  }

  // Find a entry with the same fingerprint if it exists
  AdapterHandlerEntry* lookup(int total_args_passed, BasicType* sig_bt) {
    NOT_PRODUCT(_lookups++);
    AdapterFingerPrint fp(total_args_passed, sig_bt);
    unsigned int hash = fp.compute_hash();
    int index = hash_to_index(hash);
    for (AdapterHandlerEntry* e = bucket(index); e != NULL; e = e->next()) {
      NOT_PRODUCT(_buckets++);
      if (e->hash() == hash) {
        NOT_PRODUCT(_equals++);
        if (fp.equals(e->fingerprint())) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
          if (fp.is_compact()) _compact++;
          _hits++;
#endif
          return e;
        }
      }
    }
    return NULL;
  }

#ifndef PRODUCT
  void print_statistics() {
    ResourceMark rm;
    int longest = 0;
    int empty = 0;
    int total = 0;
    int nonempty = 0;
    for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
      int count = 0;
      for (AdapterHandlerEntry* e = bucket(index); e != NULL; e = e->next()) {
        count++;
      }
      if (count != 0) nonempty++;
      if (count == 0) empty++;
      if (count > longest) longest = count;
      total += count;
    }
    tty->print_cr("AdapterHandlerTable: empty %d longest %d total %d average %f",
                  empty, longest, total, total / (double)nonempty);
    tty->print_cr("AdapterHandlerTable: lookups %d buckets %d equals %d hits %d compact %d",
                  _lookups, _buckets, _equals, _hits, _compact);
  }
#endif
};


#ifndef PRODUCT

int AdapterHandlerTable::_lookups;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_buckets;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_equals;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_hits;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_compact;

#endif

class AdapterHandlerTableIterator : public StackObj {
 private:
  AdapterHandlerTable* _table;
  int _index;
  AdapterHandlerEntry* _current;

  void scan() {
    while (_index < _table->table_size()) {
      AdapterHandlerEntry* a = _table->bucket(_index);
      _index++;
      if (a != NULL) {
        _current = a;
        return;
      }
    }
  }

 public:
  AdapterHandlerTableIterator(AdapterHandlerTable* table): _table(table), _index(0), _current(NULL) {
    scan();
  }
  bool has_next() {
    return _current != NULL;
  }
  AdapterHandlerEntry* next() {
    if (_current != NULL) {
      AdapterHandlerEntry* result = _current;
      _current = _current->next();
      if (_current == NULL) scan();
      return result;
    } else {
      return NULL;
    }
  }
};


// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of AdapterHandlerLibrary
AdapterHandlerTable* AdapterHandlerLibrary::_adapters = NULL;
AdapterHandlerEntry* AdapterHandlerLibrary::_abstract_method_handler = NULL;
const int AdapterHandlerLibrary_size = 16*K;
BufferBlob* AdapterHandlerLibrary::_buffer = NULL;

BufferBlob* AdapterHandlerLibrary::buffer_blob() {
  // Should be called only when AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock is active.
  if (_buffer == NULL) // Initialize lazily
      _buffer = BufferBlob::create("adapters", AdapterHandlerLibrary_size);
  return _buffer;
}

void AdapterHandlerLibrary::initialize() {
  if (_adapters != NULL) return;
  _adapters = new AdapterHandlerTable();

  // Create a special handler for abstract methods.  Abstract methods
  // are never compiled so an i2c entry is somewhat meaningless, but
  // throw AbstractMethodError just in case.
  // Pass wrong_method_abstract for the c2i transitions to return
  // AbstractMethodError for invalid invocations.
  address wrong_method_abstract = SharedRuntime::get_handle_wrong_method_abstract_stub();
  _abstract_method_handler = AdapterHandlerLibrary::new_entry(new AdapterFingerPrint(0, NULL),
                                                              StubRoutines::throw_AbstractMethodError_entry(),
                                                              wrong_method_abstract, wrong_method_abstract);
}

AdapterHandlerEntry* AdapterHandlerLibrary::new_entry(AdapterFingerPrint* fingerprint,
                                                      address i2c_entry,
                                                      address c2i_entry,
                                                      address c2i_unverified_entry) {
  return _adapters->new_entry(fingerprint, i2c_entry, c2i_entry, c2i_unverified_entry);
}

AdapterHandlerEntry* AdapterHandlerLibrary::get_adapter(methodHandle method) {
  // Use customized signature handler.  Need to lock around updates to
  // the AdapterHandlerTable (it is not safe for concurrent readers
  // and a single writer: this could be fixed if it becomes a
  // problem).

  // Get the address of the ic_miss handlers before we grab the
  // AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock. This fixes bug 6236259 which
  // was caused by the initialization of the stubs happening
  // while we held the lock and then notifying jvmti while
  // holding it. This just forces the initialization to be a little
  // earlier.
  address ic_miss = SharedRuntime::get_ic_miss_stub();
  assert(ic_miss != NULL, "must have handler");

  ResourceMark rm;

  NOT_PRODUCT(int insts_size);
  AdapterBlob* B = NULL;
  AdapterHandlerEntry* entry = NULL;
  AdapterFingerPrint* fingerprint = NULL;
  {
    MutexLocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
    // make sure data structure is initialized
    initialize();

    if (method->is_abstract()) {
      return _abstract_method_handler;
    }

    // Fill in the signature array, for the calling-convention call.
    int total_args_passed = method->size_of_parameters(); // All args on stack

    BasicType* sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(BasicType, total_args_passed);
    VMRegPair* regs   = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, total_args_passed);
    int i = 0;
    if (!method->is_static())  // Pass in receiver first
      sig_bt[i++] = T_OBJECT;
    for (SignatureStream ss(method->signature()); !ss.at_return_type(); ss.next()) {
      sig_bt[i++] = ss.type();  // Collect remaining bits of signature
      if (ss.type() == T_LONG || ss.type() == T_DOUBLE)
        sig_bt[i++] = T_VOID;   // Longs & doubles take 2 Java slots
    }
    assert(i == total_args_passed, "");

    // Lookup method signature's fingerprint
    entry = _adapters->lookup(total_args_passed, sig_bt);

#ifdef ASSERT
    AdapterHandlerEntry* shared_entry = NULL;
    if (VerifyAdapterSharing && entry != NULL) {
      shared_entry = entry;
      entry = NULL;
    }
#endif

    if (entry != NULL) {
      return entry;
    }

    // Get a description of the compiled java calling convention and the largest used (VMReg) stack slot usage
    int comp_args_on_stack = SharedRuntime::java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs, total_args_passed, false);

    // Make a C heap allocated version of the fingerprint to store in the adapter
    fingerprint = new AdapterFingerPrint(total_args_passed, sig_bt);

    // Create I2C & C2I handlers

    BufferBlob* buf = buffer_blob(); // the temporary code buffer in CodeCache
    if (buf != NULL) {
      CodeBuffer buffer(buf);
      short buffer_locs[20];
      buffer.insts()->initialize_shared_locs((relocInfo*)buffer_locs,
                                             sizeof(buffer_locs)/sizeof(relocInfo));
      MacroAssembler _masm(&buffer);

      entry = SharedRuntime::generate_i2c2i_adapters(&_masm,
                                                     total_args_passed,
                                                     comp_args_on_stack,
                                                     sig_bt,
                                                     regs,
                                                     fingerprint);

#ifdef ASSERT
      if (VerifyAdapterSharing) {
        if (shared_entry != NULL) {
          assert(shared_entry->compare_code(buf->code_begin(), buffer.insts_size(), total_args_passed, sig_bt),
                 "code must match");
          // Release the one just created and return the original
          _adapters->free_entry(entry);
          return shared_entry;
        } else  {
          entry->save_code(buf->code_begin(), buffer.insts_size(), total_args_passed, sig_bt);
        }
      }
#endif

      B = AdapterBlob::create(&buffer);
      NOT_PRODUCT(insts_size = buffer.insts_size());
    }
    if (B == NULL) {
      // CodeCache is full, disable compilation
      // Ought to log this but compile log is only per compile thread
      // and we're some non descript Java thread.
      MutexUnlocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
      CompileBroker::handle_full_code_cache();
      return NULL; // Out of CodeCache space
    }
    entry->relocate(B->content_begin());
#ifndef PRODUCT
    // debugging suppport
    if (PrintAdapterHandlers || PrintStubCode) {
      ttyLocker ttyl;
      entry->print_adapter_on(tty);
      tty->print_cr("i2c argument handler #%d for: %s %s (%d bytes generated)",
                    _adapters->number_of_entries(), (method->is_static() ? "static" : "receiver"),
                    method->signature()->as_C_string(), insts_size);
      tty->print_cr("c2i argument handler starts at %p",entry->get_c2i_entry());
      if (Verbose || PrintStubCode) {
        address first_pc = entry->base_address();
        if (first_pc != NULL) {
          Disassembler::decode(first_pc, first_pc + insts_size);
          tty->cr();
        }
      }
    }
#endif

    _adapters->add(entry);
  }
  // Outside of the lock
  if (B != NULL) {
    char blob_id[256];
    jio_snprintf(blob_id,
                 sizeof(blob_id),
                 "%s(%s)@" PTR_FORMAT,
                 B->name(),
                 fingerprint->as_string(),
                 B->content_begin());
    Forte::register_stub(blob_id, B->content_begin(), B->content_end());

    if (JvmtiExport::should_post_dynamic_code_generated()) {
      JvmtiExport::post_dynamic_code_generated(blob_id, B->content_begin(), B->content_end());
    }
  }
  return entry;
}

address AdapterHandlerEntry::base_address() {
  address base = _i2c_entry;
  if (base == NULL)  base = _c2i_entry;
  assert(base <= _c2i_entry || _c2i_entry == NULL, "");
  assert(base <= _c2i_unverified_entry || _c2i_unverified_entry == NULL, "");
  return base;
}

void AdapterHandlerEntry::relocate(address new_base) {
  address old_base = base_address();
  assert(old_base != NULL, "");
  ptrdiff_t delta = new_base - old_base;
  if (_i2c_entry != NULL)
    _i2c_entry += delta;
  if (_c2i_entry != NULL)
    _c2i_entry += delta;
  if (_c2i_unverified_entry != NULL)
    _c2i_unverified_entry += delta;
  assert(base_address() == new_base, "");
}


void AdapterHandlerEntry::deallocate() {
  delete _fingerprint;
#ifdef ASSERT
  if (_saved_code) FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(unsigned char, _saved_code, mtCode);
  if (_saved_sig)  FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(Basictype, _saved_sig, mtCode);
#endif
}


#ifdef ASSERT
// Capture the code before relocation so that it can be compared
// against other versions.  If the code is captured after relocation
// then relative instructions won't be equivalent.
void AdapterHandlerEntry::save_code(unsigned char* buffer, int length, int total_args_passed, BasicType* sig_bt) {
  _saved_code = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(unsigned char, length, mtCode);
  _code_length = length;
  memcpy(_saved_code, buffer, length);
  _total_args_passed = total_args_passed;
  _saved_sig = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(BasicType, _total_args_passed, mtCode);
  memcpy(_saved_sig, sig_bt, _total_args_passed * sizeof(BasicType));
}


bool AdapterHandlerEntry::compare_code(unsigned char* buffer, int length, int total_args_passed, BasicType* sig_bt) {
  if (length != _code_length) {
    return false;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    if (buffer[i] != _saved_code[i]) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}
#endif


// Create a native wrapper for this native method.  The wrapper converts the
// java compiled calling convention to the native convention, handlizes
// arguments, and transitions to native.  On return from the native we transition
// back to java blocking if a safepoint is in progress.
nmethod *AdapterHandlerLibrary::create_native_wrapper(methodHandle method, int compile_id) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  nmethod* nm = NULL;

  assert(method->is_native(), "must be native");
  assert(method->is_method_handle_intrinsic() ||
         method->has_native_function(), "must have something valid to call!");

  {
    // perform the work while holding the lock, but perform any printing outside the lock
    MutexLocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
    // See if somebody beat us to it
    nm = method->code();
    if (nm) {
      return nm;
    }

    ResourceMark rm;

    BufferBlob*  buf = buffer_blob(); // the temporary code buffer in CodeCache
    if (buf != NULL) {
      CodeBuffer buffer(buf);
      double locs_buf[20];
      buffer.insts()->initialize_shared_locs((relocInfo*)locs_buf, sizeof(locs_buf) / sizeof(relocInfo));
      MacroAssembler _masm(&buffer);

      // Fill in the signature array, for the calling-convention call.
      const int total_args_passed = method->size_of_parameters();

      BasicType* sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(BasicType, total_args_passed);
      VMRegPair*   regs = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, total_args_passed);
      int i=0;
      if( !method->is_static() )  // Pass in receiver first
        sig_bt[i++] = T_OBJECT;
      SignatureStream ss(method->signature());
      for( ; !ss.at_return_type(); ss.next()) {
        sig_bt[i++] = ss.type();  // Collect remaining bits of signature
        if( ss.type() == T_LONG || ss.type() == T_DOUBLE )
          sig_bt[i++] = T_VOID;   // Longs & doubles take 2 Java slots
      }
      assert(i == total_args_passed, "");
      BasicType ret_type = ss.type();

      // Now get the compiled-Java layout as input (or output) arguments.
      // NOTE: Stubs for compiled entry points of method handle intrinsics
      // are just trampolines so the argument registers must be outgoing ones.
      const bool is_outgoing = method->is_method_handle_intrinsic();
      int comp_args_on_stack = SharedRuntime::java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs, total_args_passed, is_outgoing);

      // Generate the compiled-to-native wrapper code
      nm = SharedRuntime::generate_native_wrapper(&_masm,
                                                  method,
                                                  compile_id,
                                                  sig_bt,
                                                  regs,
                                                  ret_type);
    }
  }

  // Must unlock before calling set_code

  // Install the generated code.
  if (nm != NULL) {
    if (PrintCompilation) {
      ttyLocker ttyl;
      CompileTask::print_compilation(tty, nm, method->is_static() ? "(static)" : "");
    }
    method->set_code(method, nm);
    nm->post_compiled_method_load_event();
  } else {
    // CodeCache is full, disable compilation
    CompileBroker::handle_full_code_cache();
  }
  return nm;
}

JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, SharedRuntime::block_for_jni_critical(JavaThread* thread))
  assert(thread == JavaThread::current(), "must be");
  // The code is about to enter a JNI lazy critical native method and
  // _needs_gc is true, so if this thread is already in a critical
  // section then just return, otherwise this thread should block
  // until needs_gc has been cleared.
  if (thread->in_critical()) {
    return;
  }
  // Lock and unlock a critical section to give the system a chance to block
  GC_locker::lock_critical(thread);
  GC_locker::unlock_critical(thread);
JRT_END

#ifdef HAVE_DTRACE_H
// Create a dtrace nmethod for this method.  The wrapper converts the
// java compiled calling convention to the native convention, makes a dummy call
// (actually nops for the size of the call instruction, which become a trap if
// probe is enabled). The returns to the caller. Since this all looks like a
// leaf no thread transition is needed.

nmethod *AdapterHandlerLibrary::create_dtrace_nmethod(methodHandle method) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  nmethod* nm = NULL;

  if (PrintCompilation) {
    ttyLocker ttyl;
    tty->print("---   n%s  ");
    method->print_short_name(tty);
    if (method->is_static()) {
      tty->print(" (static)");
    }
    tty->cr();
  }

  {
    // perform the work while holding the lock, but perform any printing
    // outside the lock
    MutexLocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
    // See if somebody beat us to it
    nm = method->code();
    if (nm) {
      return nm;
    }

    ResourceMark rm;

    BufferBlob*  buf = buffer_blob(); // the temporary code buffer in CodeCache
    if (buf != NULL) {
      CodeBuffer buffer(buf);
      // Need a few relocation entries
      double locs_buf[20];
      buffer.insts()->initialize_shared_locs(
        (relocInfo*)locs_buf, sizeof(locs_buf) / sizeof(relocInfo));
      MacroAssembler _masm(&buffer);

      // Generate the compiled-to-native wrapper code
      nm = SharedRuntime::generate_dtrace_nmethod(&_masm, method);
    }
  }
  return nm;
}

// the dtrace method needs to convert java lang string to utf8 string.
void SharedRuntime::get_utf(oopDesc* src, address dst) {
  typeArrayOop jlsValue  = java_lang_String::value(src);
  int          jlsOffset = java_lang_String::offset(src);
  int          jlsLen    = java_lang_String::length(src);
  jchar*       jlsPos    = (jlsLen == 0) ? NULL :
                                           jlsValue->char_at_addr(jlsOffset);
  assert(TypeArrayKlass::cast(jlsValue->klass())->element_type() == T_CHAR, "compressed string");
  (void) UNICODE::as_utf8(jlsPos, jlsLen, (char *)dst, max_dtrace_string_size);
}
#endif // ndef HAVE_DTRACE_H

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Java-Java calling convention
// (what you use when Java calls Java)

//------------------------------name_for_receiver----------------------------------
// For a given signature, return the VMReg for parameter 0.
VMReg SharedRuntime::name_for_receiver() {
  VMRegPair regs;
  BasicType sig_bt = T_OBJECT;
  (void) java_calling_convention(&sig_bt, ®s, 1, true);
  // Return argument 0 register.  In the LP64 build pointers
  // take 2 registers, but the VM wants only the 'main' name.
  return regs.first();
}

VMRegPair *SharedRuntime::find_callee_arguments(Symbol* sig, bool has_receiver, bool has_appendix, int* arg_size) {
  // This method is returning a data structure allocating as a
  // ResourceObject, so do not put any ResourceMarks in here.
  char *s = sig->as_C_string();
  int len = (int)strlen(s);
  s++; len--;                   // Skip opening paren
  char *t = s+len;
  while( *(--t) != ')' ) ;      // Find close paren

  BasicType *sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY( BasicType, 256 );
  VMRegPair *regs = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY( VMRegPair, 256 );
  int cnt = 0;
  if (has_receiver) {
    sig_bt[cnt++] = T_OBJECT; // Receiver is argument 0; not in signature
  }

  while( s < t ) {
    switch( *s++ ) {            // Switch on signature character
    case 'B': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_BYTE;    break;
    case 'C': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_CHAR;    break;
    case 'D': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_DOUBLE;  sig_bt[cnt++] = T_VOID; break;
    case 'F': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_FLOAT;   break;
    case 'I': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_INT;     break;
    case 'J': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_LONG;    sig_bt[cnt++] = T_VOID; break;
    case 'S': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_SHORT;   break;
    case 'Z': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_BOOLEAN; break;
    case 'V': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_VOID;    break;
    case 'L':                   // Oop
      while( *s++ != ';'  ) ;   // Skip signature
      sig_bt[cnt++] = T_OBJECT;
      break;
    case '[': {                 // Array
      do {                      // Skip optional size
        while( *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ) s++;
      } while( *s++ == '[' );   // Nested arrays?
      // Skip element type
      if( s[-1] == 'L' )
        while( *s++ != ';'  ) ; // Skip signature
      sig_bt[cnt++] = T_ARRAY;
      break;
    }
    default : ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
  }

  if (has_appendix) {
    sig_bt[cnt++] = T_OBJECT;
  }

  assert( cnt < 256, "grow table size" );

  int comp_args_on_stack;
  comp_args_on_stack = java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs, cnt, true);

  // the calling convention doesn't count out_preserve_stack_slots so
  // we must add that in to get "true" stack offsets.

  if (comp_args_on_stack) {
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
      VMReg reg1 = regs[i].first();
      if( reg1->is_stack()) {
        // Yuck
        reg1 = reg1->bias(out_preserve_stack_slots());
      }
      VMReg reg2 = regs[i].second();
      if( reg2->is_stack()) {
        // Yuck
        reg2 = reg2->bias(out_preserve_stack_slots());
      }
      regs[i].set_pair(reg2, reg1);
    }
  }

  // results
  *arg_size = cnt;
  return regs;
}

// OSR Migration Code
//
// This code is used convert interpreter frames into compiled frames.  It is
// called from very start of a compiled OSR nmethod.  A temp array is
// allocated to hold the interesting bits of the interpreter frame.  All
// active locks are inflated to allow them to move.  The displaced headers and
// active interpeter locals are copied into the temp buffer.  Then we return
// back to the compiled code.  The compiled code then pops the current
// interpreter frame off the stack and pushes a new compiled frame.  Then it
// copies the interpreter locals and displaced headers where it wants.
// Finally it calls back to free the temp buffer.
//
// All of this is done NOT at any Safepoint, nor is any safepoint or GC allowed.

JRT_LEAF(intptr_t*, SharedRuntime::OSR_migration_begin( JavaThread *thread) )

  //
  // This code is dependent on the memory layout of the interpreter local
  // array and the monitors. On all of our platforms the layout is identical
  // so this code is shared. If some platform lays the their arrays out
  // differently then this code could move to platform specific code or
  // the code here could be modified to copy items one at a time using
  // frame accessor methods and be platform independent.

  frame fr = thread->last_frame();
  assert( fr.is_interpreted_frame(), "" );
  assert( fr.interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size()==0, "only handle empty stacks" );

  // Figure out how many monitors are active.
  int active_monitor_count = 0;
  for( BasicObjectLock *kptr = fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_end();
       kptr < fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_begin();
       kptr = fr.next_monitor_in_interpreter_frame(kptr) ) {
    if( kptr->obj() != NULL ) active_monitor_count++;
  }

  // QQQ we could place number of active monitors in the array so that compiled code
  // could double check it.

  Method* moop = fr.interpreter_frame_method();
  int max_locals = moop->max_locals();
  // Allocate temp buffer, 1 word per local & 2 per active monitor
  int buf_size_words = max_locals + active_monitor_count*2;
  intptr_t *buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t,buf_size_words, mtCode);

  // Copy the locals.  Order is preserved so that loading of longs works.
  // Since there's no GC I can copy the oops blindly.
  assert( sizeof(HeapWord)==sizeof(intptr_t), "fix this code");
  Copy::disjoint_words((HeapWord*)fr.interpreter_frame_local_at(max_locals-1),
                       (HeapWord*)&buf[0],
                       max_locals);

  // Inflate locks.  Copy the displaced headers.  Be careful, there can be holes.
  int i = max_locals;
  for( BasicObjectLock *kptr2 = fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_end();
       kptr2 < fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_begin();
       kptr2 = fr.next_monitor_in_interpreter_frame(kptr2) ) {
    if( kptr2->obj() != NULL) {         // Avoid 'holes' in the monitor array
      BasicLock *lock = kptr2->lock();
      // Inflate so the displaced header becomes position-independent
      if (lock->displaced_header()->is_unlocked())
        ObjectSynchronizer::inflate_helper(kptr2->obj());
      // Now the displaced header is free to move
      buf[i++] = (intptr_t)lock->displaced_header();
      buf[i++] = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(kptr2->obj());
    }
  }
  assert( i - max_locals == active_monitor_count*2, "found the expected number of monitors" );

  return buf;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::OSR_migration_end( intptr_t* buf) )
  FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t,buf, mtCode);
JRT_END

bool AdapterHandlerLibrary::contains(CodeBlob* b) {
  AdapterHandlerTableIterator iter(_adapters);
  while (iter.has_next()) {
    AdapterHandlerEntry* a = iter.next();
    if ( b == CodeCache::find_blob(a->get_i2c_entry()) ) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

void AdapterHandlerLibrary::print_handler_on(outputStream* st, CodeBlob* b) {
  AdapterHandlerTableIterator iter(_adapters);
  while (iter.has_next()) {
    AdapterHandlerEntry* a = iter.next();
    if (b == CodeCache::find_blob(a->get_i2c_entry())) {
      st->print("Adapter for signature: ");
      a->print_adapter_on(tty);
      return;
    }
  }
  assert(false, "Should have found handler");
}

void AdapterHandlerEntry::print_adapter_on(outputStream* st) const {
  st->print_cr("AHE@" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s i2c: " INTPTR_FORMAT " c2i: " INTPTR_FORMAT " c2iUV: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
               (intptr_t) this, fingerprint()->as_string(),
               get_i2c_entry(), get_c2i_entry(), get_c2i_unverified_entry());

}

#ifndef PRODUCT

void AdapterHandlerLibrary::print_statistics() {
  _adapters->print_statistics();
}

#endif /* PRODUCT */

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