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Java example source code file (hat.js)

This example Java source code file (hat.js) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Learn more about this Java project at its project page.

Java - Java tags/keywords

array, function, javaclassproto, javaclasswrapper, javaobjectarraywrapper, javaobjectwrapper, javavaluearraywrapper, jsadapter, nosuchelementexception, number, string

The hat.js Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

/*
 * The Original Code is HAT. The Initial Developer of the
 * Original Code is Bill Foote, with contributions from others
 * at JavaSoft/Sun.
 */

var hatPkg = Packages.com.sun.tools.hat.internal;

/**
 * This is JavaScript interface for heap analysis using HAT
 * (Heap Analysis Tool). HAT classes are referred from
 * this file. In particular, refer to classes in hat.model 
 * package.
 * 
 * HAT model objects are wrapped as convenient script objects so that
 * fields may be accessed in natural syntax. For eg. Java fields can be
 * accessed with obj.field_name syntax and array elements can be accessed
 * with array[index] syntax. 
 */

// returns an enumeration that wraps elements of
// the input enumeration elements.
function wrapperEnumeration(e) {
    return new java.util.Enumeration() {
        hasMoreElements: function() {
            return e.hasMoreElements();
        },
        nextElement: function() {
            return wrapJavaValue(e.nextElement());
        }
    };
}

// returns an enumeration that filters out elements
// of input enumeration using the filter function.
function filterEnumeration(e, func, wrap) {
    var next = undefined;
    var index = 0;

    function findNext() {
        var tmp;
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
            tmp = e.nextElement();
            index++;
            if (wrap) {
                tmp = wrapJavaValue(tmp);
            }
            if (func(tmp, index, e)) {
                next = tmp;
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    return new java.util.Enumeration() {
        hasMoreElements: function() {
            findNext();
            return next != undefined;
        },

        nextElement: function() {
            if (next == undefined) {
                // user may not have called hasMoreElements?
                findNext();
            }
            if (next == undefined) {
                throw "NoSuchElementException";
            }
            var res = next;
            next = undefined;
            return res;
        }
    };
}

// enumeration that has no elements ..
var emptyEnumeration = new java.util.Enumeration() {
        hasMoreElements: function() { 
            return false;
        },
        nextElement: function() {
            throw "NoSuchElementException";
        }
    };

function wrapRoot(root) {
    if (root) {
        return {
            id: root.idString,
            description: root.description,
            referrer: wrapJavaValue(root.referer),
            type: root.typeName
        };
    } else {
        return null;
    }
}

function JavaClassProto() {    
    function jclass(obj) {
        return obj['wrapped-object'];
    }

    // return whether given class is subclass of this class or not
    this.isSubclassOf = function(other) {
        var tmp = jclass(this);
        var otherid = objectid(other);
        while (tmp != null) {
            if (otherid.equals(tmp.idString)) {
                return true;
            }
            tmp = tmp.superclass;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // return whether given class is superclass of this class or not
    this.isSuperclassOf = function(other) {
        return other.isSubclassOf(this); 
    }

    // includes direct and indirect superclasses
    this.superclasses = function() {
        var res = new Array();
        var tmp = this.superclass;
        while (tmp != null) {
            res[res.length] = tmp;
            tmp = tmp.superclass;
        }
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing subclasses of this class.
     *
     * @param indirect should include indirect subclasses or not.
     *                 default is true.
     */
    this.subclasses = function(indirect) {
        if (indirect == undefined) indirect = true;
        var classes = jclass(this).subclasses;
        var res = new Array();
        for (var i in classes) {
            var subclass = wrapJavaValue(classes[i]);
            res[res.length] = subclass;
            if (indirect) {
                res = res.concat(subclass.subclasses());
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    this.toString = function() { return jclass(this).toString(); }
}

var theJavaClassProto = new JavaClassProto();

// Script wrapper for HAT model objects, values.
// wraps a Java value as appropriate for script object
function wrapJavaValue(thing) {
    if (thing == null || thing == undefined ||
        thing instanceof hatPkg.model.HackJavaValue) {
	return null;
    } 
    
    if (thing instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaValue) {
        // map primitive values to closest JavaScript primitives
        if (thing instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaBoolean) {
            return thing.toString() == "true";
        } else if (thing instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaChar) {
            return thing.toString() + '';
        } else {
            return java.lang.Double.parseDouble(thing.toString());
        }			
    } else {
        // wrap Java object as script object
        return wrapJavaObject(thing);		
    }
}

// wrap Java object with appropriate script object
function wrapJavaObject(thing) {

    // HAT Java model object wrapper. Handles all cases 
    // (instance, object/primitive array and Class objects)	
    function javaObject(jobject) {		
        // FIXME: Do I need this? or can I assume that these would
        // have been resolved already?
        if (jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaObjectRef) {
            jobject = jobject.dereference();
            if (jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.HackJavaValue) {
                print(jobject);
                return null;
            }
        }

        if (jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaObject) {
            return new JavaObjectWrapper(jobject);
        } else if (jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaClass) {
            return new JavaClassWrapper(jobject);
        } else if (jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaObjectArray) {
            return new JavaObjectArrayWrapper(jobject);
        } else if (jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaValueArray) {
            return new JavaValueArrayWrapper(jobject);
        } else {
            print("unknown heap object type: " + jobject.getClass());
            return jobject;
        }
    }
    
    // returns wrapper for Java instances
    function JavaObjectWrapper(instance) {
        var things = instance.fields;
        var fields = instance.clazz.fieldsForInstance;
    		
        // instance fields can be accessed in natural syntax
        return new JSAdapter() {
            __getIds__ : function() {
                    var res = new Array(fields.length);
                    for (var i in fields) {
                        res[i] = fields[i].name;
                    }
                    return res;
            },
            __has__ : function(name) {
                    for (var i in fields) {
                        if (name == fields[i].name) return true;
                    }
                    return name == 'class' || name == 'toString' ||
                           name == 'wrapped-object';
            },
            __get__ : function(name) {
    
                    for (var i in fields) {
                        if(fields[i].name == name) {
                            return wrapJavaValue(things[i]);
                        }
                    }
    
                    if (name == 'class') {
                        return wrapJavaValue(instance.clazz);
                    } else if (name == 'wrapped-object') {
                        return instance;
                    } 
    
                    return undefined;
            },
            __call__: function(name) {
                if (name == 'toString') {
                    return instance.toString();
                } else {
                    return undefined;
                }
            } 
        }				
    }


    // return wrapper for Java Class objects
    function JavaClassWrapper(jclass) {	
        var fields = jclass.statics;
    
        // to access static fields of given Class cl, use 
        // cl.statics.<static-field-name> syntax
        this.statics = new JSAdapter() {
            __getIds__ : function() {
                var res = new Array(fields.length);
                for (var i in fields) {
                    res[i] = fields[i].field.name;
                }
                return res;
            },
            __has__ : function(name) {
                for (var i in fields) {
                    if (name == fields[i].field.name) {
                        return true;
                    }					
                }
                return false;
            },
            __get__ : function(name) {
                for (var i in fields) {
                    if (name == fields[i].field.name) {
                        return wrapJavaValue(fields[i].value);	
                    }					
                }
                return undefined;
            }
        }
    		
        if (jclass.superclass != null) {
            this.superclass = wrapJavaValue(jclass.superclass);
        } else {
            this.superclass = null;
        }

        this.loader = wrapJavaValue(jclass.getLoader());
        this.signers = wrapJavaValue(jclass.getSigners());
        this.protectionDomain = wrapJavaValue(jclass.getProtectionDomain());
        this.instanceSize = jclass.instanceSize;
        this.name = jclass.name; 
        this.fields = jclass.fields;
        this['wrapped-object'] = jclass;
    }

    for (var i in theJavaClassProto) {
        if (typeof theJavaClassProto[i] == 'function') {
           JavaClassWrapper.prototype[i] = theJavaClassProto[i];
        }
    }
    
    // returns wrapper for Java object arrays
    function JavaObjectArrayWrapper(array) {
        var elements = array.elements;
        // array elements can be accessed in natural syntax
        // also, 'length' property is supported.
        return new JSAdapter() {
            __getIds__ : function() {
                var res = new Array(elements.length);
                for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
                    res[i] = String(i);
                }
                return res;
            },
            __has__: function(name) {
                return (name >= 0 && name < elements.length)  ||
                        name == 'length' || name == 'class' ||
                        name == 'toString' || name == 'wrapped-object';
            },
            __get__ : function(name) {
                if (name >= 0 && name < elements.length) {
                    return wrapJavaValue(elements[name]);
                } else if (name == 'length') {
                    return elements.length;
                } else if (name == 'class') {
                    return wrapJavaValue(array.clazz);
                } else if (name == 'wrapped-object') {
                    return array;
                } else {
                    return undefined;
                }				
            },
            __call__: function(name) {
                if (name == 'toString') {
                    return array.toString();
                } else {
                    return undefined;
                }
            } 
        }			
    }
    
    // returns wrapper for Java primitive arrays
    function JavaValueArrayWrapper(array) {
        var type = String(java.lang.Character.toString(array.elementType));
        var elements = array.elements;
        // array elements can be accessed in natural syntax
        // also, 'length' property is supported.
        return new JSAdapter() {
            __getIds__ : function() {
                var r = new Array(array.length);
                for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
                    r[i] = String(i);
                }
                return r;
            },
            __has__: function(name) {
                return (name >= 0 && name < array.length) ||
                        name == 'length' || name == 'class' ||
                        name == 'toString' || name == 'wrapped-object';
            },
            __get__: function(name) {
                if (name >= 0 && name < array.length) {
                    return elements[name];
                }
    
                if (name == 'length') {
                    return array.length;
                } else if (name == 'wrapped-object') {
                    return array;
                } else if (name == 'class') {
                    return wrapJavaValue(array.clazz);
                } else {
                    return undefined;
                }
            },
            __call__: function(name) {
                if (name == 'toString') {
                    return array.valueString(true);
                } else {
                    return undefined;
                }
            } 
        }
    }
    return javaObject(thing);
}

// unwrap a script object to corresponding HAT object
function unwrapJavaObject(jobject) {
    if (!(jobject instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaHeapObject)) {
        try {
            jobject = jobject["wrapped-object"];
        } catch (e) {
            print("unwrapJavaObject: " + jobject + ", " + e);
            jobject = undefined;
        }
    }
    return jobject;
}

/**
 * readHeapDump parses a heap dump file and returns script wrapper object.
 *
 * @param file  Heap dump file name
 * @param stack flag to tell if allocation site traces are available
 * @param refs  flag to tell if backward references are needed or not
 * @param debug debug level for HAT
 * @return heap as a JavaScript object
 */
function readHeapDump(file, stack, refs, debug) {

    // default value of debug is 0
    if (!debug) debug = 0;

    // by default, we assume no stack traces
    if (!stack) stack = false;

    // by default, backward references are resolved
    if (!refs) refs = true;

    // read the heap dump 
    var heap = hatPkg.parser.HprofReader.readFile(file, stack, debug);

    // resolve it
    heap.resolve(refs);

    // wrap Snapshot as convenient script object
    return wrapHeapSnapshot(heap);
}

/**
 * The result object supports the following methods:
 * 
 *  forEachClass  -- calls a callback for each Java Class
 *  forEachObject -- calls a callback for each Java object
 *  findClass -- finds Java Class of given name
 *  findObject -- finds object from given object id
 *  objects -- returns all objects of given class as an enumeration
 *  classes -- returns all classes in the heap as an enumeration
 *  reachables -- returns all objects reachable from a given object
 *  livepaths -- returns an array of live paths because of which an
 *               object alive.
 *  describeRef -- returns description for a reference from a 'from' 
 *              object to a 'to' object.
 */
function wrapHeapSnapshot(heap) {
    function getClazz(clazz) {
        if (clazz == undefined) clazz = "java.lang.Object";
        var type = typeof(clazz);
        if (type == "string") {
            clazz = heap.findClass(clazz);		
        } else if (type == "object") {
            clazz = unwrapJavaObject(clazz);
        } else {
            throw "class expected";;
        }
        return clazz;
    }

    // return heap as a script object with useful methods.
    return {
        snapshot: heap,

        /**
         * Class iteration: Calls callback function for each
         * Java Class in the heap. Default callback function 
         * is 'print'. If callback returns true, the iteration 
         * is stopped.
         *
         * @param callback function to be called.
         */
        forEachClass: function(callback) {
            if (callback == undefined) callback = print;
            var classes = this.snapshot.classes;
            while (classes.hasMoreElements()) {
                if (callback(wrapJavaValue(classes.nextElement())))
                    return;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Returns an Enumeration of all roots.
         */
        roots: function() {
            var e = this.snapshot.roots;
            return new java.util.Enumeration() {
                hasMoreElements: function() {
                    return e.hasMoreElements();
                },
                nextElement: function() {
                    return wrapRoot(e.nextElement());
                }
            };
        },

        /**
         * Returns an Enumeration for all Java classes.
         */
        classes: function() {
            return wrapIterator(this.snapshot.classes, true);
        },

        /**
         * Object iteration: Calls callback function for each
         * Java Object in the heap. Default callback function 
         * is 'print'.If callback returns true, the iteration 
         * is stopped.
         *
         * @param callback function to be called. 
         * @param clazz Class whose objects are retrieved.
         *        Optional, default is 'java.lang.Object'
         * @param includeSubtypes flag to tell if objects of subtypes
         *        are included or not. optional, default is true.
         */
        forEachObject: function(callback, clazz, includeSubtypes) {
            if (includeSubtypes == undefined) includeSubtypes = true;
            if (callback == undefined) callback = print;
            clazz = getClazz(clazz);

            if (clazz) {
                var instances = clazz.getInstances(includeSubtypes);
                while (instances.hasNextElements()) {
                    if (callback(wrapJavaValue(instances.nextElement())))
                        return;
                }
            }
        },

        /** 
         * Returns an enumeration of Java objects in the heap.
         * 
         * @param clazz Class whose objects are retrieved.
         *        Optional, default is 'java.lang.Object'
         * @param includeSubtypes flag to tell if objects of subtypes
         *        are included or not. optional, default is true.
         * @param where (optional) filter expression or function to
         *        filter the objects. The expression has to return true
         *        to include object passed to it in the result array. 
         *        Built-in variable 'it' refers to the current object in 
         *        filter expression.
         */
        objects: function(clazz, includeSubtypes, where) {
            if (includeSubtypes == undefined) includeSubtypes = true;
            if (where) {
                if (typeof(where) == 'string') {
                    where = new Function("it", "return " + where);
                }
            }
            clazz = getClazz(clazz);
            if (clazz) {
                var instances = clazz.getInstances(includeSubtypes);
                if (where) {
                    return filterEnumeration(instances, where, true);
                } else {
                    return wrapperEnumeration(instances);
                }
            } else {
                return emptyEnumeration;
            }
        },

        /**
         * Find Java Class of given name.
         * 
         * @param name class name
         */
        findClass: function(name) {
            var clazz = this.snapshot.findClass(name + '');
            return wrapJavaValue(clazz);
        },

        /**
         * Find Java Object from given object id
         *
         * @param id object id as string
         */
        findObject: function(id) {
            return wrapJavaValue(this.snapshot.findThing(id));
        },

        /**
         * Returns an enumeration of objects in the finalizer
         * queue waiting to be finalized.
         */
        finalizables: function() {
            var tmp = this.snapshot.getFinalizerObjects();
            return wrapperEnumeration(tmp);
        },
 
        /**
         * Returns an array that contains objects referred from the
         * given Java object directly or indirectly (i.e., all 
         * transitively referred objects are returned).
         *
         * @param jobject Java object whose reachables are returned.
         */
        reachables: function (jobject) {
            return reachables(jobject, this.snapshot.reachableExcludes);
        },

        /**
         * Returns array of paths of references by which the given 
         * Java object is live. Each path itself is an array of
         * objects in the chain of references. Each path supports
         * toHtml method that returns html description of the path.
         *
         * @param jobject Java object whose live paths are returned
         * @param weak flag to indicate whether to include paths with
         *             weak references or not. default is false.
         */
        livepaths: function (jobject, weak) {
            if (weak == undefined) {
                weak = false;
            }

            function wrapRefChain(refChain) {
                var path = new Array();

                // compute path array from refChain
                var tmp = refChain;
                while (tmp != null) {
                    var obj = tmp.obj;
                    path[path.length] = wrapJavaValue(obj);
                    tmp = tmp.next;
                }

                function computeDescription(html) {
                    var root = refChain.obj.root;
                    var desc = root.description;
                    if (root.referer) {
                        var ref = root.referer;
                        desc += " (from " + 
                            (html? toHtml(ref) : ref.toString()) + ')';
                    }
                    desc += '->';
                    var tmp = refChain;
                    while (tmp != null) {
                        var next = tmp.next;
                        var obj = tmp.obj;
                        desc += html? toHtml(obj) : obj.toString();
                        if (next != null) {
                            desc += " (" + 
                                    obj.describeReferenceTo(next.obj, heap)  + 
                                    ") ->";
                        }
                        tmp = next;
                    }
                    return desc;
                }

                return new JSAdapter() {
                    __getIds__ : function() {
                        var res = new Array(path.length);
                        for (var i = 0; i < path.length; i++) {
                            res[i] = String(i);
                        }
                        return res;
                    },
                    __has__ : function (name) {
                        return (name >= 0 && name < path.length) ||
                            name == 'length' || name == 'toHtml' ||
                            name == 'toString';
                    },
                    __get__ : function(name) {
                        if (name >= 0 && name < path.length) {
                            return path[name];
                        } else if (name == 'length') {
                            return path.length;
                        } else {
                            return undefined;
                        }
                    },
                    __call__: function(name) {
                        if (name == 'toHtml') {
                            return computeDescription(true);
                        } else if (name == 'toString') {
                            return computeDescription(false);
                        } else {
                            return undefined;
                        }
                    }
                };
            }

            jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
            var refChains = this.snapshot.rootsetReferencesTo(jobject, weak);
            var paths = new Array(refChains.length);
            for (var i in refChains) {
                paths[i] = wrapRefChain(refChains[i]);
            }
            return paths;
        },

        /**
         * Return description string for reference from 'from' object
         * to 'to' Java object.
         *
         * @param from source Java object
         * @param to destination Java object
         */
        describeRef: function (from, to) {
            from = unwrapJavaObject(from);
            to = unwrapJavaObject(to);
            return from.describeReferenceTo(to, this.snapshot);
        },
    };
}

// per-object functions

/**
 * Returns allocation site trace (if available) of a Java object
 *
 * @param jobject object whose allocation site trace is returned
 */
function allocTrace(jobject) {
    try {
        jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);			
        var trace = jobject.allocatedFrom;
        return (trace != null) ? trace.frames : null;
    } catch (e) {
        print("allocTrace: " + jobject + ", " + e);
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns Class object for given Java object
 *
 * @param jobject object whose Class object is returned
 */
function classof(jobject) {
    jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
    return wrapJavaValue(jobject.clazz);
}

/**
 * Find referers (a.k.a in-coming references). Calls callback
 * for each referrer of the given Java object. If the callback 
 * returns true, the iteration is stopped.
 *
 * @param callback function to call for each referer
 * @param jobject object whose referers are retrieved
 */
function forEachReferrer(callback, jobject) {
    jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
    var refs = jobject.referers;
    while (refs.hasMoreElements()) {
        if (callback(wrapJavaValue(refs.nextElement()))) {
            return;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Compares two Java objects for object identity.
 *
 * @param o1, o2 objects to compare for identity
 */
function identical(o1, o2) {
    return objectid(o1) == objectid(o2);
}

/**
 * Returns Java object id as string
 *
 * @param jobject object whose id is returned
 */
function objectid(jobject) {
    try {
        jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
        return String(jobject.idString);
    } catch (e) {
        print("objectid: " + jobject + ", " + e);
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Prints allocation site trace of given object
 *
 * @param jobject object whose allocation site trace is returned
 */
function printAllocTrace(jobject) {
    var frames = this.allocTrace(jobject);
    if (frames == null || frames.length == 0) {
        print("allocation site trace unavailable for " + 
              objectid(jobject));
        return;
    }    
    print(objectid(jobject) + " was allocated at ..");
    for (var i in frames) {
        var frame = frames[i];
        var src = frame.sourceFileName;
        if (src == null) src = '<unknown source>';
        print('\t' + frame.className + "." +
             frame.methodName + '(' + frame.methodSignature + ') [' +
             src + ':' + frame.lineNumber + ']');
    }
}

/**
 * Returns an enumeration of referrers of the given Java object.
 *
 * @param jobject Java object whose referrers are returned.
 */
function referrers(jobject) {
    try {
        jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
        return wrapperEnumeration(jobject.referers);
    } catch (e) {
        print("referrers: " + jobject + ", " + e);
        return emptyEnumeration;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns an array that contains objects referred from the
 * given Java object.
 *
 * @param jobject Java object whose referees are returned.
 */
function referees(jobject) {
    var res = new Array();
    jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
    if (jobject != undefined) {
        try {
            jobject.visitReferencedObjects(
                new hatPkg.model.JavaHeapObjectVisitor() {
                    visit: function(other) { 
                        res[res.length] = wrapJavaValue(other);
                    },
                    exclude: function(clazz, field) { 
                        return false; 
                    },
                    mightExclude: function() { 
                        return false; 
                    }
                });
        } catch (e) {
            print("referees: " + jobject + ", " + e);
        }
    }
    return res;
}

/**
 * Returns an array that contains objects referred from the
 * given Java object directly or indirectly (i.e., all 
 * transitively referred objects are returned).
 *
 * @param jobject Java object whose reachables are returned.
 * @param excludes optional comma separated list of fields to be 
 *                 removed in reachables computation. Fields are
 *                 written as class_name.field_name form.
 */
function reachables(jobject, excludes) {
    if (excludes == undefined) {
        excludes = null;
    } else if (typeof(excludes) == 'string') {
        var st = new java.util.StringTokenizer(excludes, ",");
        var excludedFields = new Array();
        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
            excludedFields[excludedFields.length] = st.nextToken().trim();
        }
        if (excludedFields.length > 0) { 
            excludes = new hatPkg.model.ReachableExcludes() {
                        isExcluded: function (field) {
                            for (var index in excludedFields) {
                                if (field.equals(excludedFields[index])) {
                                    return true;
                                }
                            }
                            return false;
                        }
                    };
        } else {
            // nothing to filter...
            excludes = null;
        }
    } else if (! (excludes instanceof hatPkg.model.ReachableExcludes)) {
        excludes = null;
    }

    jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
    var ro = new hatPkg.model.ReachableObjects(jobject, excludes);  
    var tmp = ro.reachables;
    var res = new Array(tmp.length);
    for (var i in tmp) {
        res[i] = wrapJavaValue(tmp[i]);
    }
    return res;
}


/**
 * Returns whether 'from' object refers to 'to' object or not.
 *
 * @param from Java object that is source of the reference.
 * @param to Java object that is destination of the reference.
 */
function refers(from, to) {
    try {
        var tmp = unwrapJavaObject(from);
        if (tmp instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaClass) {
            from = from.statics;
        } else if (tmp instanceof hatPkg.model.JavaValueArray) {
            return false;
        }
        for (var i in from) {
            if (identical(from[i], to)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    } catch (e) {
        print("refers: " + from + ", " + e);
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * If rootset includes given jobject, return Root
 * object explanining the reason why it is a root.
 *
 * @param jobject object whose Root is returned
 */
function root(jobject) {
    try {
        jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
        return wrapRoot(jobject.root);
    } catch (e) {
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns size of the given Java object
 *
 * @param jobject object whose size is returned
 */
function sizeof(jobject) {
    try {
        jobject = unwrapJavaObject(jobject);
        return jobject.size;
    } catch (e) {
        print("sizeof: " + jobject + ", " + e);
        return null;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns String by replacing Unicode chars and
 * HTML special chars (such as '<') with entities.
 *
 * @param str string to be encoded
 */
function encodeHtml(str) {
    return hatPkg.util.Misc.encodeHtml(str);
}

/**
 * Returns HTML string for the given object.
 *
 * @param obj object for which HTML string is returned.
 */
function toHtml(obj) {
    if (obj == null) {
        return "null";
    } 

    if (obj == undefined) {
        return "undefined";
    } 

    var tmp = unwrapJavaObject(obj);
    if (tmp != undefined) {
        var id = tmp.idString;
        if (tmp instanceof Packages.com.sun.tools.hat.internal.model.JavaClass) {
            var name = tmp.name;
            return "<a href='/class/" + id + "'>class " + name + "";
        } else {
            var name = tmp.clazz.name;
            return "<a href='/object/" + id + "'>" +
                   name + "@" + id + "</a>";
        }
    } else if (obj instanceof Object) {
        if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
            // script array
            var res = "[ ";
            for (var i in obj) {
                res += toHtml(obj[i]);
                if (i != obj.length - 1) {
                    res += ", ";
                }
            } 
            res += " ]";
            return res;
        } else {
            // if the object has a toHtml function property
            // just use that...
            if (typeof(obj.toHtml) == 'function') {
                return obj.toHtml();
            } else {
                // script object
                var res = "{ ";
                for (var i in obj) {
                    res +=  i + ":" + toHtml(obj[i]) + ", ";
                }
                res += "}";
                return res;
            }
        }
    } else {
        // a Java object
        obj = wrapIterator(obj);
        // special case for enumeration
        if (obj instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
            var res = "[ ";
            while (obj.hasMoreElements()) {
                res += toHtml(obj.nextElement()) + ", ";
            }
            res += "]";
            return res; 
        } else {
            return obj;
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Generic array/iterator/enumeration [or even object!] manipulation 
 * functions. These functions accept an array/iteration/enumeration
 * and expression String or function. These functions iterate each 
 * element of array and apply the expression/function on each element.
 */

// private function to wrap an Iterator as an Enumeration
function wrapIterator(itr, wrap) {
    if (itr instanceof java.util.Iterator) {
        return new java.util.Enumeration() {
                   hasMoreElements: function() {
                       return itr.hasNext();
                   },
                   nextElement: function() {
                       return wrap? wrapJavaValue(itr.next()) : itr.next();
                   }
               };
    } else {
        return itr;
    }
}

/**
 * Converts an enumeration/iterator/object into an array
 *
 * @param obj enumeration/iterator/object
 * @return array that contains values of enumeration/iterator/object
 */
function toArray(obj) {	
    obj = wrapIterator(obj);
    if (obj instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        var res = new Array();
        while (obj.hasMoreElements()) {
            res[res.length] = obj.nextElement();
        }
        return res;
    } else if (obj instanceof Array) {
        return obj;
    } else {
        var res = new Array();
        for (var index in obj) {
            res[res.length] = obj[index];
        }
        return res;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns whether the given array/iterator/enumeration contains 
 * an element that satisfies the given boolean expression specified 
 * in code. 
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 * @param code  expression string or function 
 * @return boolean result
 *
 * The code evaluated can refer to the following built-in variables. 
 *
 * 'it' -> currently visited element
 * 'index' -> index of the current element
 * 'array' -> array that is being iterated
 */
function contains(array, code) {
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    var func = code;
    if (typeof(func) != 'function') {
        func = new Function("it", "index", "array",  "return " + code);
    }

    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        var index = 0;
        while (array.hasMoreElements()) {
            var it = array.nextElement();
            if (func(it, index, array)) {
                return true;
            }
            index++;
        }
    } else {
        for (var index in array) {
            var it = array[index];
            if (func(it, String(index), array)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * concatenates two arrays/iterators/enumerators.
 *
 * @param array1 array/iterator/enumeration
 * @param array2 array/iterator/enumeration
 *
 * @return concatenated array or composite enumeration
 */
function concat(array1, array2) {
    array1 = wrapIterator(array1);
    array2 = wrapIterator(array2);
    if (array1 instanceof Array && array2 instanceof Array) {
        return array1.concat(array2);
    } else if (array1 instanceof java.util.Enumeration &&
               array2 instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        return new Packages.com.sun.tools.hat.internal.util.CompositeEnumeration(array1, array2);
    } else {
        return undefined;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns the number of array/iterator/enumeration elements 
 * that satisfy the given boolean expression specified in code. 
 * The code evaluated can refer to the following built-in variables. 
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 * @param code  expression string or function 
 * @return number of elements
 *
 * 'it' -> currently visited element
 * 'index' -> index of the current element
 * 'array' -> array that is being iterated
 */
function count(array, code) {
    if (code == undefined) {
        return length(array);
    }
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    var func = code;
    if (typeof(func) != 'function') {
        func = new Function("it", "index", "array",  "return " + code);
    }

    var result = 0;
    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        var index = 0;
        while (array.hasMoreElements()) {
            var it = array.nextElement();
            if (func(it, index, array)) {
                result++;
            }
            index++;
        }
    } else {
        for (var index in array) {
            var it = array[index];
            if (func(it, index, array)) {
                result++;
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/**
 * filter function returns an array/enumeration that contains 
 * elements of the input array/iterator/enumeration that satisfy 
 * the given boolean expression. The boolean expression code can 
 * refer to the following built-in variables. 
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 * @param code  expression string or function 
 * @return array/enumeration that contains the filtered elements
 *
 * 'it' -> currently visited element
 * 'index' -> index of the current element
 * 'array' -> array that is being iterated
 * 'result' -> result array
 */
function filter(array, code) {
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    var func = code;
    if (typeof(code) != 'function') {
        func = new Function("it", "index", "array", "result", "return " + code);
    }
    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        return filterEnumeration(array, func, false);
    } else {
        var result = new Array();
        for (var index in array) {
            var it = array[index];
            if (func(it, String(index), array, result)) {
                result[result.length] = it;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns the number of elements of array/iterator/enumeration.
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 */
function length(array) {
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    if (array instanceof Array) {
        return array.length;
    } else if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        var cnt = 0;
        while (array.hasMoreElements()) {
            array.nextElement(); 
            cnt++;
        }
        return cnt;
    } else {
        var cnt = 0;
        for (var index in array) {
            cnt++;
        }
        return cnt;
    }
}

/**
 * Transforms the given object or array by evaluating given code
 * on each element of the object or array. The code evaluated
 * can refer to the following built-in variables. 
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 * @param code  expression string or function 
 * @return array/enumeration that contains mapped values
 *
 * 'it' -> currently visited element
 * 'index' -> index of the current element
 * 'array' -> array that is being iterated
 * 'result' -> result array
 *
 * map function returns an array/enumeration of values created 
 * by repeatedly calling code on each element of the input
 * array/iterator/enumeration.
 */
function map(array, code) {
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    var func = code;
    if(typeof(code) != 'function') {
        func = new Function("it", "index", "array", "result", "return " + code);
    }

    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        var index = 0;
        var result = new java.util.Enumeration() {
            hasMoreElements: function() {
                return array.hasMoreElements();
            },
            nextElement: function() {
                return func(array.nextElement(), index++, array, result);
            }
        };
        return result;
    } else {
        var result = new Array();
        for (var index in array) {
            var it = array[index];
            result[result.length] = func(it, String(index), array, result);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

// private function used by min, max functions
function minmax(array, code) {
    if (typeof(code) == 'string') {
        code = new Function("lhs", "rhs", "return " + code);
    }
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        if (! array.hasMoreElements()) {
            return undefined;
        }
        var res = array.nextElement();
        while (array.hasMoreElements()) {
            var next = array.nextElement();
            if (code(next, res)) {
                res = next;
            }
        }
        return res;
    } else {
        if (array.length == 0) {
            return undefined;
        }
        var res = array[0];
        for (var index = 1; index < array.length; index++) {
            if (code(array[index], res)) {
                res = array[index];
            }
        } 
        return res;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns the maximum element of the array/iterator/enumeration
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 * @param code (optional) comparision expression or function
 *        by default numerical maximum is computed.
 */
function max(array, code) {
    if (code == undefined) {
        code = function (lhs, rhs) { return lhs > rhs; }
    }
    return minmax(array, code);
}

/**
 * Returns the minimum element of the array/iterator/enumeration
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is iterated
 * @param code (optional) comparision expression or function
 *        by default numerical minimum is computed.
 */
function min(array, code) {
    if (code == undefined) {
        code = function (lhs, rhs) { return lhs < rhs; }
    } 
    return minmax(array, code);
}

/**
 * sort function sorts the input array. optionally accepts
 * code to compare the elements. If code is not supplied,
 * numerical sort is done.
 *
 * @param array input array/iterator/enumeration that is sorted
 * @param code  expression string or function 
 * @return sorted array 
 *
 * The comparison expression can refer to the following
 * built-in variables:
 *
 * 'lhs' -> 'left side' element
 * 'rhs' -> 'right side' element
 */
function sort(array, code) {
    // we need an array to sort, so convert non-arrays
    array = toArray(array);

    // by default use numerical comparison
    var func = code;
    if (code == undefined) {
        func = function(lhs, rhs) { return lhs - rhs; };
    } else if (typeof(code) == 'string') {
        func = new Function("lhs", "rhs", "return " + code);
    }
    return array.sort(func);
}

/**
 * Returns the sum of the elements of the array
 *
 * @param array input array that is summed.
 * @param code optional expression used to map
 *        input elements before sum.
 */
function sum(array, code) {
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    if (code != undefined) {
        array = map(array, code);
    }
    var result = 0;
    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        while (array.hasMoreElements()) {
            result += Number(array.nextElement());
        }
    } else {
        for (var index in array) {
            result += Number(array[index]);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/**
 * Returns array of unique elements from the given input 
 * array/iterator/enumeration.
 *
 * @param array from which unique elements are returned.
 * @param code optional expression (or function) giving unique
 *             attribute/property for each element.
 *             by default, objectid is used for uniqueness.
 */
function unique(array, code) {
    array = wrapIterator(array);
    if (code == undefined) {
        code = new Function("it", "return objectid(it);");
    } else if (typeof(code) == 'string') {
        code = new Function("it", "return " + code);
    }
    var tmp = new Object();
    if (array instanceof java.util.Enumeration) {
        while (array.hasMoreElements()) {
            var it = array.nextElement();
            tmp[code(it)] = it;
        }
    } else {
        for (var index in array) {
            var it = array[index];
            tmp[code(it)] = it;
        }
    }
    var res = new Array();
    for (var index in tmp) {
        res[res.length] = tmp[index];
    }
    return res;
}

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