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Java example source code file (IPPPrintService.java)

This example Java source code file (IPPPrintService.java) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Learn more about this Java project at its project page.

Java - Java tags/keywords

arraylist, attributeclass, attributeset, custommediasizename, docflavor, hashmap, illegalargumentexception, ippprintservice, media, mediasizename, net, network, object, orientationrequested, pageranges, print, printing, security, string, util

The IPPPrintService.java Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package sun.print;

import javax.print.attribute.*;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.*;
import javax.print.DocFlavor;
import javax.print.DocPrintJob;
import javax.print.PrintService;
import javax.print.ServiceUIFactory;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import javax.print.event.PrintServiceAttributeListener;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.HashSet;


public class IPPPrintService implements PrintService, SunPrinterJobService {

    public static final boolean debugPrint;
    private static final String debugPrefix = "IPPPrintService>> ";
    protected static void debug_println(String str) {
        if (debugPrint) {
            System.out.println(str);
        }
    }

    private static final String FORCE_PIPE_PROP = "sun.print.ippdebug";

    static {
        String debugStr =
                (String)java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                  new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction(FORCE_PIPE_PROP));

        debugPrint = "true".equalsIgnoreCase(debugStr);
    }

    private String printer;
    private URI    myURI;
    private URL    myURL;
    transient private ServiceNotifier notifier = null;

    private static int MAXCOPIES = 1000;
    private static short MAX_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH = 255;

    private CUPSPrinter cps;
    private HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
    private DocFlavor[] supportedDocFlavors;
    private Class[] supportedCats;
    private MediaTray[] mediaTrays;
    private MediaSizeName[] mediaSizeNames;
    private CustomMediaSizeName[] customMediaSizeNames;
    private int defaultMediaIndex;
    private boolean isCupsPrinter;
    private boolean init;
    private Boolean isPS;
    private HashMap getAttMap;
    private boolean pngImagesAdded = false;
    private boolean gifImagesAdded = false;
    private boolean jpgImagesAdded = false;


    /**
     * IPP Status Codes
     */
    private static final byte STATUSCODE_SUCCESS = 0x00;

    /**
     * IPP Group Tags.  Each tag is used once before the first attribute
     * of that group.
     */
    // operation attributes group
    private static final byte GRPTAG_OP_ATTRIBUTES = 0x01;
    // job attributes group
    private static final byte GRPTAG_JOB_ATTRIBUTES = 0x02;
    // printer attributes group
    private static final byte GRPTAG_PRINTER_ATTRIBUTES = 0x04;
    // used as the last tag in an IPP message.
    private static final byte GRPTAG_END_ATTRIBUTES = 0x03;

    /**
     * IPP Operation codes
     */
    // gets the attributes for a printer
    public static final String OP_GET_ATTRIBUTES = "000B";
    // gets the default printer
    public static final String OP_CUPS_GET_DEFAULT = "4001";
    // gets the list of printers
    public static final String OP_CUPS_GET_PRINTERS = "4002";


    /**
     * List of all PrintRequestAttributes.  This is used
     * for looping through all the IPP attribute name.
     */
    private static Object[] printReqAttribDefault = {
        Chromaticity.COLOR,
        new Copies(1),
        Fidelity.FIDELITY_FALSE,
        Finishings.NONE,
        //new JobHoldUntil(new Date()),
        //new JobImpressions(0),
        //JobImpressions,
        //JobKOctets,
        //JobMediaSheets,
        new JobName("", Locale.getDefault()),
        //JobPriority,
        JobSheets.NONE,
        (Media)MediaSizeName.NA_LETTER,
        //MediaPrintableArea.class, // not an IPP attribute
        //MultipleDocumentHandling.SINGLE_DOCUMENT,
        new NumberUp(1),
        OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT,
        new PageRanges(1),
        //PresentationDirection,
                 // CUPS does not supply printer-resolution attribute
        //new PrinterResolution(300, 300, PrinterResolution.DPI),
        //PrintQuality.NORMAL,
        new RequestingUserName("", Locale.getDefault()),
        //SheetCollate.UNCOLLATED, //CUPS has no sheet collate?
        Sides.ONE_SIDED,
    };


    /**
     * List of all PrintServiceAttributes.  This is used
     * for looping through all the IPP attribute name.
     */
    private static Object[][] serviceAttributes = {
        {ColorSupported.class, "color-supported"},
        {PagesPerMinute.class,  "pages-per-minute"},
        {PagesPerMinuteColor.class, "pages-per-minute-color"},
        {PDLOverrideSupported.class, "pdl-override-supported"},
        {PrinterInfo.class, "printer-info"},
        {PrinterIsAcceptingJobs.class, "printer-is-accepting-jobs"},
        {PrinterLocation.class, "printer-location"},
        {PrinterMakeAndModel.class, "printer-make-and-model"},
        {PrinterMessageFromOperator.class, "printer-message-from-operator"},
        {PrinterMoreInfo.class, "printer-more-info"},
        {PrinterMoreInfoManufacturer.class, "printer-more-info-manufacturer"},
        {PrinterName.class, "printer-name"},
        {PrinterState.class, "printer-state"},
        {PrinterStateReasons.class, "printer-state-reasons"},
        {PrinterURI.class, "printer-uri"},
        {QueuedJobCount.class, "queued-job-count"}
    };


    /**
     * List of DocFlavors, grouped based on matching mime-type.
     * NOTE: For any change in the predefined DocFlavors, it must be reflected
     * here also.
     */
    // PDF DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] appPDF = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.PDF,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.PDF,
        DocFlavor.URL.PDF
    };

    // Postscript DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] appPostScript = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.POSTSCRIPT,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.POSTSCRIPT,
        DocFlavor.URL.POSTSCRIPT
    };

    // Autosense DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] appOctetStream = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.AUTOSENSE,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE,
        DocFlavor.URL.AUTOSENSE
    };

    // Text DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] textPlain = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16BE,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16LE,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN_US_ASCII,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16BE,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16LE,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_US_ASCII,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16BE,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_16LE,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_PLAIN_US_ASCII,
        DocFlavor.CHAR_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN,
        DocFlavor.STRING.TEXT_PLAIN,
        DocFlavor.READER.TEXT_PLAIN
    };

    private static DocFlavor[] textPlainHost = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN_HOST,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_HOST,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_PLAIN_HOST
    };

    // JPG DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] imageJPG = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.JPEG,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.JPEG,
        DocFlavor.URL.JPEG
    };

    // GIF DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] imageGIF = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.GIF,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.GIF,
        DocFlavor.URL.GIF
    };

    // PNG DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] imagePNG = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.PNG,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.PNG,
        DocFlavor.URL.PNG
    };

    // HTML DocFlavors
    private  static DocFlavor[] textHtml = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML_UTF_8,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16BE,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16LE,
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML_US_ASCII,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_HTML_UTF_8,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16BE,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16LE,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_HTML_US_ASCII,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_HTML_UTF_8,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16BE,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_HTML_UTF_16LE,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_HTML_US_ASCII,
        // These are not handled in UnixPrintJob so commenting these
        // for now.
        /*
        DocFlavor.CHAR_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML,
        DocFlavor.STRING.TEXT_HTML,
        DocFlavor.READER.TEXT_HTML,
        */
    };

    private  static DocFlavor[] textHtmlHost = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.TEXT_HTML_HOST,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_HTML_HOST,
        DocFlavor.URL.TEXT_HTML_HOST,
    };


    // PCL DocFlavors
    private static DocFlavor[] appPCL = {
        DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.PCL,
        DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.PCL,
        DocFlavor.URL.PCL
    };

    // List of all DocFlavors, used in looping
    // through all supported mime-types
    private static Object[] allDocFlavors = {
        appPDF, appPostScript, appOctetStream,
        textPlain, imageJPG, imageGIF, imagePNG,
        textHtml, appPCL,
    };


    IPPPrintService(String name, URL url) {
        if ((name == null) || (url == null)){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null uri or printer name");
        }
        printer = name;
        supportedDocFlavors = null;
        supportedCats = null;
        mediaSizeNames = null;
        customMediaSizeNames = null;
        mediaTrays = null;
        myURL = url;
        cps = null;
        isCupsPrinter = false;
        init = false;
        defaultMediaIndex = -1;

        String host = myURL.getHost();
        if (host!=null && host.equals(CUPSPrinter.getServer())) {
            isCupsPrinter = true;
            try {
                myURI =  new URI("ipp://"+host+
                                 "/printers/"+printer);
                debug_println(debugPrefix+"IPPPrintService myURI : "+myURI);
            } catch (java.net.URISyntaxException e) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid url");
            }
        }
    }


    IPPPrintService(String name, String uriStr, boolean isCups) {
        if ((name == null) || (uriStr == null)){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("null uri or printer name");
        }
        printer = name;
        supportedDocFlavors = null;
        supportedCats = null;
        mediaSizeNames = null;
        customMediaSizeNames = null;
        mediaTrays = null;
        cps = null;
        init = false;
        defaultMediaIndex = -1;
        try {
            myURL =
                new URL(uriStr.replaceFirst("ipp", "http"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            IPPPrintService.debug_println(debugPrefix+
                                          " IPPPrintService, myURL="+
                                          myURL+" Exception= "+
                                          e);
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid url");
        }

        isCupsPrinter = isCups;
        try {
            myURI =  new URI(uriStr);
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"IPPPrintService myURI : "+myURI);
        } catch (java.net.URISyntaxException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid uri");
        }
    }


    /*
     * Initialize mediaSizeNames, mediaTrays and other attributes.
     * Media size/trays are initialized to non-null values, may be 0-length
     * array.
     * NOTE: Must be called from a synchronized block only.
     */
    private void initAttributes() {
        if (!init) {
            // init customMediaSizeNames
            customMediaSizeNames = new CustomMediaSizeName[0];

            if ((urlConnection = getIPPConnection(myURL)) == null) {
                mediaSizeNames = new MediaSizeName[0];
                mediaTrays = new MediaTray[0];
                debug_println(debugPrefix+"initAttributes, NULL urlConnection ");
                init = true;
                return;
            }

            // get all supported attributes through IPP
            opGetAttributes();

            if (isCupsPrinter) {
                // note, it is possible to query media in CUPS using IPP
                // right now we always get it from PPD.
                // maybe use "&& (usePPD)" later?
                // Another reason why we use PPD is because
                // IPP currently does not support it but PPD does.

                try {
                    cps = new CUPSPrinter(printer);
                    mediaSizeNames = cps.getMediaSizeNames();
                    mediaTrays = cps.getMediaTrays();
                    customMediaSizeNames = cps.getCustomMediaSizeNames();
                    urlConnection.disconnect();
                    init = true;
                    return;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    IPPPrintService.debug_println(debugPrefix+
                                       "initAttributes, error creating CUPSPrinter e="+e);
                }
            }

            // use IPP to get all media,
            Media[] allMedia = (Media[])getSupportedMedia();
            ArrayList sizeList = new ArrayList();
            ArrayList trayList = new ArrayList();
            for (int i=0; i<allMedia.length; i++) {
                if (allMedia[i] instanceof MediaSizeName) {
                    sizeList.add(allMedia[i]);
                } else if (allMedia[i] instanceof MediaTray) {
                    trayList.add(allMedia[i]);
                }
            }

            if (sizeList != null) {
                mediaSizeNames = new MediaSizeName[sizeList.size()];
                mediaSizeNames = (MediaSizeName[])sizeList.toArray(
                                                       mediaSizeNames);
            }
            if (trayList != null) {
                mediaTrays = new MediaTray[trayList.size()];
                mediaTrays = (MediaTray[])trayList.toArray(
                                                           mediaTrays);
            }
            urlConnection.disconnect();

            init = true;
        }
    }


    public DocPrintJob createPrintJob() {
        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (security != null) {
            security.checkPrintJobAccess();
        }
        // REMIND: create IPPPrintJob
        return new UnixPrintJob(this);
    }


    public synchronized Object
        getSupportedAttributeValues(Class<? extends Attribute> category,
                                    DocFlavor flavor,
                                    AttributeSet attributes)
    {
        if (category == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null category");
        }
        if (!Attribute.class.isAssignableFrom(category)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(category +
                                 " does not implement Attribute");
        }
        if (flavor != null) {
            if (!isDocFlavorSupported(flavor)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(flavor +
                                               " is an unsupported flavor");
            } else if (isAutoSense(flavor)) {
                return null;
            }

        }

        if (!isAttributeCategorySupported(category)) {
            return null;
        }

        /* Test if the flavor is compatible with the attributes */
        if (!isDestinationSupported(flavor, attributes)) {
            return null;
        }

        initAttributes();

        /* Test if the flavor is compatible with the category */
        if ((category == Copies.class) ||
            (category == CopiesSupported.class)) {
            if (flavor == null ||
                !(flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.POSTSCRIPT) ||
                  flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.POSTSCRIPT) ||
                  flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.POSTSCRIPT))) {
                CopiesSupported cs = new CopiesSupported(1, MAXCOPIES);
                AttributeClass attribClass = (getAttMap != null) ?
                    (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get(cs.getName()) : null;
                if (attribClass != null) {
                    int[] range = attribClass.getIntRangeValue();
                    cs = new CopiesSupported(range[0], range[1]);
                }
                return cs;
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } else  if (category == Chromaticity.class) {
            if (flavor == null ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE) ||
                !isIPPSupportedImages(flavor.getMimeType())) {
                Chromaticity[]arr = new Chromaticity[1];
                arr[0] = Chromaticity.COLOR;
                return (arr);
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } else if (category == Destination.class) {
            if (flavor == null ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE)) {
                try {
                    return new Destination((new File("out.ps")).toURI());
                } catch (SecurityException se) {
                    try {
                        return new Destination(new URI("file:out.ps"));
                    } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
                        return null;
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        } else if (category == Fidelity.class) {
            Fidelity []arr = new Fidelity[2];
            arr[0] = Fidelity.FIDELITY_FALSE;
            arr[1] = Fidelity.FIDELITY_TRUE;
            return arr;
        } else if (category == Finishings.class) {
            AttributeClass attribClass = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get("finishings-supported")
                : null;
            if (attribClass != null) {
                int[] finArray = attribClass.getArrayOfIntValues();
                if ((finArray != null) && (finArray.length > 0)) {
                    Finishings[] finSup = new Finishings[finArray.length];
                    for (int i=0; i<finArray.length; i++) {
                        finSup[i] = Finishings.NONE;
                        Finishings[] fAll = (Finishings[])
                            (new ExtFinishing(100)).getAll();
                        for (int j=0; j<fAll.length; j++) {
                            if (finArray[i] == fAll[j].getValue()) {
                                finSup[i] = fAll[j];
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return finSup;
                }
            }
        } else if (category == JobName.class) {
            return new JobName("Java Printing", null);
        } else if (category == JobSheets.class) {
            JobSheets arr[] = new JobSheets[2];
            arr[0] = JobSheets.NONE;
            arr[1] = JobSheets.STANDARD;
            return arr;

        } else if (category == Media.class) {
            Media[] allMedia = new Media[mediaSizeNames.length+
                                        mediaTrays.length];

            for (int i=0; i<mediaSizeNames.length; i++) {
                allMedia[i] = mediaSizeNames[i];
            }

            for (int i=0; i<mediaTrays.length; i++) {
                allMedia[i+mediaSizeNames.length] = mediaTrays[i];
            }

            if (allMedia.length == 0) {
                allMedia = new Media[1];
                allMedia[0] = (Media)getDefaultAttributeValue(Media.class);
            }

            return allMedia;
        } else if (category == MediaPrintableArea.class) {
            MediaPrintableArea[] mpas = null;
            if (cps != null) {
                mpas = cps.getMediaPrintableArea();
            }

            if (mpas == null) {
                mpas = new MediaPrintableArea[1];
                mpas[0] = (MediaPrintableArea)
                    getDefaultAttributeValue(MediaPrintableArea.class);
            }

            if ((attributes == null) || (attributes.size() == 0)) {
                ArrayList<MediaPrintableArea> printableList =
                                       new ArrayList<MediaPrintableArea>();

                for (int i=0; i<mpas.length; i++) {
                    if (mpas[i] != null) {
                        printableList.add(mpas[i]);
                    }
                }
                if (printableList.size() > 0) {
                    mpas  = new MediaPrintableArea[printableList.size()];
                    printableList.toArray(mpas);
                }
                return mpas;
            }

            int match = -1;
            Media media = (Media)attributes.get(Media.class);
            if (media != null && media instanceof MediaSizeName) {
                MediaSizeName msn = (MediaSizeName)media;

                // case when no supported mediasizenames are reported
                // check given media against the default
                if (mediaSizeNames.length == 0 &&
                    msn.equals(getDefaultAttributeValue(Media.class))) {
                    //default printable area is that of default mediasize
                    return mpas;
                }

                for (int i=0; i<mediaSizeNames.length; i++) {
                    if (msn.equals(mediaSizeNames[i])) {
                        match = i;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (match == -1) {
                return null;
            } else {
                MediaPrintableArea []arr = new MediaPrintableArea[1];
                arr[0] = mpas[match];
                return arr;
            }
        } else if (category == NumberUp.class) {
            AttributeClass attribClass = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get("number-up-supported") : null;
            if (attribClass != null) {
                int[] values = attribClass.getArrayOfIntValues();
                if (values != null) {
                    NumberUp[] nUp = new NumberUp[values.length];
                    for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++) {
                        nUp[i] = new NumberUp(values[i]);
                    }
                    return nUp;
                } else {
                    return null;
                }
            }
        } else if (category == OrientationRequested.class) {
            if ((flavor != null) &&
                (flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.POSTSCRIPT) ||
                 flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.POSTSCRIPT) ||
                 flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.POSTSCRIPT))) {
                return null;
            }

            boolean revPort = false;
            OrientationRequested[] orientSup = null;

            AttributeClass attribClass = (getAttMap != null) ?
              (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get("orientation-requested-supported")
                : null;
            if (attribClass != null) {
                int[] orientArray = attribClass.getArrayOfIntValues();
                if ((orientArray != null) && (orientArray.length > 0)) {
                    orientSup =
                        new OrientationRequested[orientArray.length];
                    for (int i=0; i<orientArray.length; i++) {
                        switch (orientArray[i]) {
                        default:
                        case 3 :
                            orientSup[i] = OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT;
                            break;
                        case 4:
                            orientSup[i] = OrientationRequested.LANDSCAPE;
                            break;
                        case 5:
                            orientSup[i] =
                                OrientationRequested.REVERSE_LANDSCAPE;
                            break;
                        case 6:
                            orientSup[i] =
                                OrientationRequested.REVERSE_PORTRAIT;
                            revPort = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (flavor == null ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE)) {

                if (revPort && flavor == null) {
                    OrientationRequested []orSup = new OrientationRequested[4];
                    orSup[0] = OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT;
                    orSup[1] = OrientationRequested.LANDSCAPE;
                    orSup[2] = OrientationRequested.REVERSE_LANDSCAPE;
                    orSup[3] = OrientationRequested.REVERSE_PORTRAIT;
                    return orSup;
                } else {
                    OrientationRequested []orSup = new OrientationRequested[3];
                    orSup[0] = OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT;
                    orSup[1] = OrientationRequested.LANDSCAPE;
                    orSup[2] = OrientationRequested.REVERSE_LANDSCAPE;
                    return orSup;
                }
            } else {
                return orientSup;
            }
        } else if (category == PageRanges.class) {
           if (flavor == null ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE)) {
                PageRanges []arr = new PageRanges[1];
                arr[0] = new PageRanges(1, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                return arr;
            } else {
                // Returning null as this is not yet supported in UnixPrintJob.
                return null;
            }
        } else if (category == RequestingUserName.class) {
            String userName = "";
            try {
              userName = System.getProperty("user.name", "");
            } catch (SecurityException se) {
            }
            return new RequestingUserName(userName, null);
        } else if (category == Sides.class) {
            // The printer takes care of Sides so if short-edge
            // is chosen in a job, the rotation is done by the printer.
            // Orientation is rotated by emulation if pageable
            // or printable so if the document is in Landscape, this may
            // result in double rotation.
            AttributeClass attribClass = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get("sides-supported")
                : null;
            if (attribClass != null) {
                String[] sidesArray = attribClass.getArrayOfStringValues();
                if ((sidesArray != null) && (sidesArray.length > 0)) {
                    Sides[] sidesSup = new Sides[sidesArray.length];
                    for (int i=0; i<sidesArray.length; i++) {
                        if (sidesArray[i].endsWith("long-edge")) {
                            sidesSup[i] = Sides.TWO_SIDED_LONG_EDGE;
                        } else if (sidesArray[i].endsWith("short-edge")) {
                            sidesSup[i] = Sides.TWO_SIDED_SHORT_EDGE;
                        } else {
                            sidesSup[i] = Sides.ONE_SIDED;
                        }
                    }
                    return sidesSup;
                }
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    //This class is for getting all pre-defined Finishings
    private class ExtFinishing extends Finishings {
        ExtFinishing(int value) {
            super(100); // 100 to avoid any conflicts with predefined values.
        }

        EnumSyntax[] getAll() {
            EnumSyntax[] es = super.getEnumValueTable();
            return es;
        }
    }


    public AttributeSet getUnsupportedAttributes(DocFlavor flavor,
                                                 AttributeSet attributes) {
        if (flavor != null && !isDocFlavorSupported(flavor)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("flavor " + flavor +
                                               "is not supported");
        }

        if (attributes == null) {
            return null;
        }

        Attribute attr;
        AttributeSet unsupp = new HashAttributeSet();
        Attribute []attrs = attributes.toArray();
        for (int i=0; i<attrs.length; i++) {
            try {
                attr = attrs[i];
                if (!isAttributeCategorySupported(attr.getCategory())) {
                    unsupp.add(attr);
                } else if (!isAttributeValueSupported(attr, flavor,
                                                      attributes)) {
                    unsupp.add(attr);
                }
            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            }
        }
        if (unsupp.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        } else {
            return unsupp;
        }
    }


    public synchronized DocFlavor[] getSupportedDocFlavors() {

        if (supportedDocFlavors != null) {
            int len = supportedDocFlavors.length;
                DocFlavor[] copyflavors = new DocFlavor[len];
                System.arraycopy(supportedDocFlavors, 0, copyflavors, 0, len);
                return copyflavors;
        }
        initAttributes();

        if ((getAttMap != null) &&
            getAttMap.containsKey("document-format-supported")) {

            AttributeClass attribClass =
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get("document-format-supported");
            if (attribClass != null) {
                String mimeType;
                boolean psSupported = false;
                String[] docFlavors = attribClass.getArrayOfStringValues();
                DocFlavor[] flavors;
                HashSet docList = new HashSet();
                int j;
                String hostEnc = DocFlavor.hostEncoding.
                    toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
                boolean addHostEncoding = !hostEnc.equals("utf-8") &&
                    !hostEnc.equals("utf-16") && !hostEnc.equals("utf-16be") &&
                    !hostEnc.equals("utf-16le") && !hostEnc.equals("us-ascii");

                for (int i = 0; i < docFlavors.length; i++) {
                    for (j=0; j<allDocFlavors.length; j++) {
                        flavors = (DocFlavor[])allDocFlavors[j];

                        mimeType = flavors[0].getMimeType();
                        if (mimeType.startsWith(docFlavors[i])) {

                            docList.addAll(Arrays.asList(flavors));

                            if (mimeType.equals("text/plain") &&
                                addHostEncoding) {
                                docList.add(Arrays.asList(textPlainHost));
                            } else if (mimeType.equals("text/html") &&
                                       addHostEncoding) {
                                docList.add(Arrays.asList(textHtmlHost));
                            } else if (mimeType.equals("image/png")) {
                                pngImagesAdded = true;
                            } else if (mimeType.equals("image/gif")) {
                                gifImagesAdded = true;
                            } else if (mimeType.equals("image/jpeg")) {
                                jpgImagesAdded = true;
                            } else if (mimeType.indexOf("postscript") != -1) {
                                psSupported = true;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    // Not added? Create new DocFlavors
                    if (j == allDocFlavors.length) {
                        //  make new DocFlavors
                        docList.add(new DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY(docFlavors[i]));
                        docList.add(new DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM(docFlavors[i]));
                        docList.add(new DocFlavor.URL(docFlavors[i]));
                    }
                }

                // check if we need to add image DocFlavors
                // and Pageable/Printable flavors
                if (psSupported || isCupsPrinter) {
                    /*
                     Always add Pageable and Printable for CUPS
                     since it uses Filters to convert from Postscript
                     to device printer language.
                    */
                    docList.add(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE);
                    docList.add(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE);

                    docList.addAll(Arrays.asList(imageJPG));
                    docList.addAll(Arrays.asList(imagePNG));
                    docList.addAll(Arrays.asList(imageGIF));
                }
                supportedDocFlavors = new DocFlavor[docList.size()];
                docList.toArray(supportedDocFlavors);
                int len = supportedDocFlavors.length;
                DocFlavor[] copyflavors = new DocFlavor[len];
                System.arraycopy(supportedDocFlavors, 0, copyflavors, 0, len);
                return copyflavors;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }


    public boolean isDocFlavorSupported(DocFlavor flavor) {
        if (supportedDocFlavors == null) {
            getSupportedDocFlavors();
        }
        if (supportedDocFlavors != null) {
            for (int f=0; f<supportedDocFlavors.length; f++) {
                if (flavor.equals(supportedDocFlavors[f])) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }


    /**
     * Finds matching CustomMediaSizeName of given media.
     */
    public CustomMediaSizeName findCustomMedia(MediaSizeName media) {
        if (customMediaSizeNames == null) {
            return null;
        }
        for (int i=0; i< customMediaSizeNames.length; i++) {
            CustomMediaSizeName custom =
                (CustomMediaSizeName)customMediaSizeNames[i];
            MediaSizeName msn = custom.getStandardMedia();
            if (media.equals(msn)) {
                return customMediaSizeNames[i];
            }
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the matching standard Media using string comparison of names.
     */
    private Media getIPPMedia(String mediaName) {
        CustomMediaSizeName sampleSize = new CustomMediaSizeName("sample", "",
                                                                 0, 0);
        Media[] sizes = sampleSize.getSuperEnumTable();
        for (int i=0; i<sizes.length; i++) {
            if (mediaName.equals(""+sizes[i])) {
                return sizes[i];
            }
        }
        CustomMediaTray sampleTray = new CustomMediaTray("sample", "");
        Media[] trays = sampleTray.getSuperEnumTable();
        for (int i=0; i<trays.length; i++) {
            if (mediaName.equals(""+trays[i])) {
                return trays[i];
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private Media[] getSupportedMedia() {
        if ((getAttMap != null) &&
            getAttMap.containsKey("media-supported")) {

            AttributeClass attribClass =
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get("media-supported");

            if (attribClass != null) {
                String[] mediaVals = attribClass.getArrayOfStringValues();
                Media msn;
                Media[] mediaNames =
                    new Media[mediaVals.length];
                for (int i=0; i<mediaVals.length; i++) {
                    msn = getIPPMedia(mediaVals[i]);
                    //REMIND: if null, create custom?
                    mediaNames[i] = msn;
                }
                return mediaNames;
            }
        }
        return new Media[0];
    }


    public synchronized Class[] getSupportedAttributeCategories() {
        if (supportedCats != null) {
            return supportedCats;
        }

        initAttributes();

        ArrayList catList = new ArrayList();
        Class cl;

        for (int i=0; i < printReqAttribDefault.length; i++) {
            PrintRequestAttribute pra =
                (PrintRequestAttribute)printReqAttribDefault[i];
            if (getAttMap != null &&
                getAttMap.containsKey(pra.getName()+"-supported")) {
                cl = pra.getCategory();
                catList.add(cl);
            }
        }

        // Some IPP printers like lexc710 do not have list of supported media
        // but CUPS can get the media from PPD, so we still report as
        // supported category.
        if (isCupsPrinter) {
            if (!catList.contains(Media.class)) {
                catList.add(Media.class);
            }

            // Always add MediaPrintable for cups,
            // because we can get it from PPD.
            catList.add(MediaPrintableArea.class);

            // this is already supported in UnixPrintJob
            catList.add(Destination.class);

            // It is unfortunate that CUPS doesn't provide a way to query
            // if printer supports collation but since most printers
            // now supports collation and that most OS has a way
            // of setting it, it is a safe assumption to just always
            // include SheetCollate as supported attribute.

            /*
               In Linux, we use Postscript for rendering but Linux still
               has issues in propagating Postscript-embedded setpagedevice
               setting like collation.  Therefore, we temporarily exclude
               Linux.
            */
            if (!UnixPrintServiceLookup.isLinux()) {
                catList.add(SheetCollate.class);
            }
        }

        // With the assumption that  Chromaticity is equivalent to
        // ColorSupported.
        if (getAttMap != null && getAttMap.containsKey("color-supported")) {
            catList.add(Chromaticity.class);
        }
        supportedCats = new Class[catList.size()];
        catList.toArray(supportedCats);
        return supportedCats;
    }


    public boolean
        isAttributeCategorySupported(Class<? extends Attribute> category)
    {
        if (category == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null category");
        }
        if (!(Attribute.class.isAssignableFrom(category))) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(category +
                                             " is not an Attribute");
        }

        if (supportedCats == null) {
            getSupportedAttributeCategories();
        }

        // It is safe to assume that Orientation is always supported
        // and even if CUPS or an IPP device reports it as not,
        // our renderer can do portrait, landscape and
        // reverse landscape.
        if (category == OrientationRequested.class) {
            return true;
        }

        for (int i=0;i<supportedCats.length;i++) {
            if (category == supportedCats[i]) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }


    public synchronized <T extends PrintServiceAttribute>
        T getAttribute(Class<T> category)
    {
        if (category == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("category");
        }
        if (!(PrintServiceAttribute.class.isAssignableFrom(category))) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a PrintServiceAttribute");
        }

        initAttributes();

        if (category == PrinterName.class) {
            return (T)(new PrinterName(printer, null));
        } else if (category == PrinterInfo.class) {
            PrinterInfo pInfo = new PrinterInfo(printer, null);
            AttributeClass ac = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get(pInfo.getName())
                : null;
            if (ac != null) {
                return (T)(new PrinterInfo(ac.getStringValue(), null));
            }
            return (T)pInfo;
        } else if (category == QueuedJobCount.class) {
            QueuedJobCount qjc = new QueuedJobCount(0);
            AttributeClass ac = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get(qjc.getName())
                : null;
            if (ac != null) {
                qjc = new QueuedJobCount(ac.getIntValue());
            }
            return (T)qjc;
        } else if (category == PrinterIsAcceptingJobs.class) {
            PrinterIsAcceptingJobs accJob =
                PrinterIsAcceptingJobs.ACCEPTING_JOBS;
            AttributeClass ac = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get(accJob.getName())
                : null;
            if ((ac != null) && (ac.getByteValue() == 0)) {
                accJob = PrinterIsAcceptingJobs.NOT_ACCEPTING_JOBS;
            }
            return (T)accJob;
        } else if (category == ColorSupported.class) {
            ColorSupported cs = ColorSupported.SUPPORTED;
            AttributeClass ac = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get(cs.getName())
                : null;
            if ((ac != null) && (ac.getByteValue() == 0)) {
                cs = ColorSupported.NOT_SUPPORTED;
            }
            return (T)cs;
        } else if (category == PDLOverrideSupported.class) {

            if (isCupsPrinter) {
                // Documented: For CUPS this will always be false
                return (T)PDLOverrideSupported.NOT_ATTEMPTED;
            } else {
                // REMIND: check attribute values
                return (T)PDLOverrideSupported.NOT_ATTEMPTED;
            }
        } else if (category == PrinterURI.class) {
            return (T)(new PrinterURI(myURI));
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }


    public synchronized PrintServiceAttributeSet getAttributes() {
        // update getAttMap by sending again get-attributes IPP request
        init = false;
        initAttributes();

        HashPrintServiceAttributeSet attrs =
            new HashPrintServiceAttributeSet();

        for (int i=0; i < serviceAttributes.length; i++) {
            String name = (String)serviceAttributes[i][1];
            if (getAttMap != null && getAttMap.containsKey(name)) {
                Class c = (Class)serviceAttributes[i][0];
                PrintServiceAttribute psa = getAttribute(c);
                if (psa != null) {
                    attrs.add(psa);
                }
            }
        }
        return AttributeSetUtilities.unmodifiableView(attrs);
    }

    public boolean isIPPSupportedImages(String mimeType) {
        if (supportedDocFlavors == null) {
            getSupportedDocFlavors();
        }

        if (mimeType.equals("image/png") && pngImagesAdded) {
            return true;
        } else if (mimeType.equals("image/gif") && gifImagesAdded) {
            return true;
        } else if (mimeType.equals("image/jpeg") && jpgImagesAdded) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }


    private boolean isSupportedCopies(Copies copies) {
        CopiesSupported cs = (CopiesSupported)
            getSupportedAttributeValues(Copies.class, null, null);
        int[][] members = cs.getMembers();
        int min, max;
        if ((members.length > 0) && (members[0].length > 0)) {
            min = members[0][0];
            max = members[0][1];
        } else {
            min = 1;
            max = MAXCOPIES;
        }

        int value = copies.getValue();
        return (value >= min && value <= max);
    }

    private boolean isAutoSense(DocFlavor flavor) {
        if (flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.AUTOSENSE) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.AUTOSENSE)) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    private synchronized boolean isSupportedMediaTray(MediaTray msn) {
        initAttributes();

        if (mediaTrays != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mediaTrays.length; i++) {
               if (msn.equals(mediaTrays[i])) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private synchronized boolean isSupportedMedia(MediaSizeName msn) {
        initAttributes();

        if (msn.equals((Media)getDefaultAttributeValue(Media.class))) {
            return true;
        }
        for (int i=0; i<mediaSizeNames.length; i++) {
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"isSupportedMedia, mediaSizeNames[i] "+mediaSizeNames[i]);
            if (msn.equals(mediaSizeNames[i])) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /* Return false if flavor is not null, pageable, nor printable and
     * Destination is part of attributes.
     */
    private boolean
        isDestinationSupported(DocFlavor flavor, AttributeSet attributes) {

            if ((attributes != null) &&
                    (attributes.get(Destination.class) != null) &&
                    !(flavor == null ||
                      flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                      flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE))) {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
    }


    public boolean isAttributeValueSupported(Attribute attr,
                                             DocFlavor flavor,
                                             AttributeSet attributes) {
        if (attr == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null attribute");
        }
        if (flavor != null) {
            if (!isDocFlavorSupported(flavor)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(flavor +
                                               " is an unsupported flavor");
            } else if (isAutoSense(flavor)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        Class category = attr.getCategory();
        if (!isAttributeCategorySupported(category)) {
            return false;
        }

        /* Test if the flavor is compatible with the attributes */
        if (!isDestinationSupported(flavor, attributes)) {
            return false;
        }

        /* Test if the flavor is compatible with the category */
        if (attr.getCategory() == Chromaticity.class) {
            if ((flavor == null) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE) ||
                !isIPPSupportedImages(flavor.getMimeType())) {
                return attr == Chromaticity.COLOR;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (attr.getCategory() == Copies.class) {
            return (flavor == null ||
                   !(flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.POSTSCRIPT) ||
                   flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.POSTSCRIPT) ||
                   flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.POSTSCRIPT))) &&
                isSupportedCopies((Copies)attr);

        } else if (attr.getCategory() == Destination.class) {
            if (flavor == null ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE)) {
                URI uri = ((Destination)attr).getURI();
                if ("file".equals(uri.getScheme()) &&
                    !(uri.getSchemeSpecificPart().equals(""))) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } else if (attr.getCategory() == Media.class) {
            if (attr instanceof MediaSizeName) {
                return isSupportedMedia((MediaSizeName)attr);
            }
            if (attr instanceof MediaTray) {
                return isSupportedMediaTray((MediaTray)attr);
            }
        } else if (attr.getCategory() == PageRanges.class) {
            if (flavor != null &&
                !(flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE))) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (attr.getCategory() == SheetCollate.class) {
            if (flavor != null &&
                !(flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE) ||
                flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PRINTABLE))) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (attr.getCategory() == Sides.class) {
            Sides[] sidesArray = (Sides[])getSupportedAttributeValues(
                                          Sides.class,
                                          flavor,
                                          attributes);

            if (sidesArray != null) {
                for (int i=0; i<sidesArray.length; i++) {
                    if (sidesArray[i] == (Sides)attr) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        } else if (attr.getCategory() == OrientationRequested.class) {
            OrientationRequested[] orientArray =
                (OrientationRequested[])getSupportedAttributeValues(
                                          OrientationRequested.class,
                                          flavor,
                                          attributes);

            if (orientArray != null) {
                for (int i=0; i<orientArray.length; i++) {
                    if (orientArray[i] == (OrientationRequested)attr) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }


    public synchronized Object
        getDefaultAttributeValue(Class<? extends Attribute> category)
    {
        if (category == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null category");
        }
        if (!Attribute.class.isAssignableFrom(category)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(category +
                                             " is not an Attribute");
        }
        if (!isAttributeCategorySupported(category)) {
            return null;
        }

        initAttributes();

        String catName = null;
        for (int i=0; i < printReqAttribDefault.length; i++) {
            PrintRequestAttribute pra =
                (PrintRequestAttribute)printReqAttribDefault[i];
            if (pra.getCategory() == category) {
                catName = pra.getName();
                break;
            }
        }
        String attribName = catName+"-default";
        AttributeClass attribClass = (getAttMap != null) ?
                (AttributeClass)getAttMap.get(attribName) : null;

        if (category == Copies.class) {
            if (attribClass != null) {
                return new Copies(attribClass.getIntValue());
            } else {
                return new Copies(1);
            }
        } else if (category == Chromaticity.class) {
            return Chromaticity.COLOR;
        } else if (category == Destination.class) {
            try {
                return new Destination((new File("out.ps")).toURI());
            } catch (SecurityException se) {
                try {
                    return new Destination(new URI("file:out.ps"));
                } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
                    return null;
                }
            }
        } else if (category == Fidelity.class) {
            return Fidelity.FIDELITY_FALSE;
        } else if (category == Finishings.class) {
            return Finishings.NONE;
        } else if (category == JobName.class) {
            return new JobName("Java Printing", null);
        } else if (category == JobSheets.class) {
            if (attribClass != null &&
                attribClass.getStringValue().equals("none")) {
                return JobSheets.NONE;
            } else {
                return JobSheets.STANDARD;
            }
        } else if (category == Media.class) {
            defaultMediaIndex = 0;
            if (mediaSizeNames.length == 0) {
                String defaultCountry = Locale.getDefault().getCountry();
                if (defaultCountry != null &&
                    (defaultCountry.equals("") ||
                     defaultCountry.equals(Locale.US.getCountry()) ||
                     defaultCountry.equals(Locale.CANADA.getCountry()))) {
                    return MediaSizeName.NA_LETTER;
                } else {
                    return MediaSizeName.ISO_A4;
                }
            }

            if (attribClass != null) {
                String name = attribClass.getStringValue();
                if (isCupsPrinter) {
                    for (int i=0; i< customMediaSizeNames.length; i++) {
                        //REMIND:  get default from PPD. In native _getMedia,
                        // move default (ppd_option_t->defchoice) to index 0.
                        // In the meantime, use indexOf because PPD name
                        // may be different from the IPP attribute name.
                        if (customMediaSizeNames[i].toString().indexOf(name)
                            != -1) {
                            defaultMediaIndex = i;
                            return mediaSizeNames[defaultMediaIndex];
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    for (int i=0; i< mediaSizeNames.length; i++) {
                        if (mediaSizeNames[i].toString().indexOf(name) != -1) {
                            defaultMediaIndex = i;
                            return mediaSizeNames[defaultMediaIndex];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return mediaSizeNames[defaultMediaIndex];

        } else if (category == MediaPrintableArea.class) {
            MediaPrintableArea[] mpas;
             if ((cps != null)  &&
                 ((mpas = cps.getMediaPrintableArea()) != null)) {
                 if (defaultMediaIndex == -1) {
                     // initializes value of defaultMediaIndex
                     getDefaultAttributeValue(Media.class);
                 }
                 return mpas[defaultMediaIndex];
             } else {
                 String defaultCountry = Locale.getDefault().getCountry();
                 float iw, ih;
                 if (defaultCountry != null &&
                     (defaultCountry.equals("") ||
                      defaultCountry.equals(Locale.US.getCountry()) ||
                      defaultCountry.equals(Locale.CANADA.getCountry()))) {
                     iw = MediaSize.NA.LETTER.getX(Size2DSyntax.INCH) - 0.5f;
                     ih = MediaSize.NA.LETTER.getY(Size2DSyntax.INCH) - 0.5f;
                 } else {
                     iw = MediaSize.ISO.A4.getX(Size2DSyntax.INCH) - 0.5f;
                     ih = MediaSize.ISO.A4.getY(Size2DSyntax.INCH) - 0.5f;
                 }
                 return new MediaPrintableArea(0.25f, 0.25f, iw, ih,
                                               MediaPrintableArea.INCH);
             }
        } else if (category == NumberUp.class) {
            return new NumberUp(1); // for CUPS this is always 1
        } else if (category == OrientationRequested.class) {
            if (attribClass != null) {
                switch (attribClass.getIntValue()) {
                default:
                case 3: return OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT;
                case 4: return OrientationRequested.LANDSCAPE;
                case 5: return OrientationRequested.REVERSE_LANDSCAPE;
                case 6: return OrientationRequested.REVERSE_PORTRAIT;
                }
            } else {
                return OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT;
            }
        } else if (category == PageRanges.class) {
            if (attribClass != null) {
                int[] range = attribClass.getIntRangeValue();
                return new PageRanges(range[0], range[1]);
            } else {
                return new PageRanges(1, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            }
        } else if (category == RequestingUserName.class) {
            String userName = "";
            try {
              userName = System.getProperty("user.name", "");
            } catch (SecurityException se) {
            }
            return new RequestingUserName(userName, null);
        } else if (category == SheetCollate.class) {
            return SheetCollate.UNCOLLATED;
        } else if (category == Sides.class) {
            if (attribClass != null) {
                if (attribClass.getStringValue().endsWith("long-edge")) {
                    return Sides.TWO_SIDED_LONG_EDGE;
                } else if (attribClass.getStringValue().endsWith(
                                                           "short-edge")) {
                    return Sides.TWO_SIDED_SHORT_EDGE;
                }
            }
            return Sides.ONE_SIDED;
        }

        return null;
    }

    public ServiceUIFactory getServiceUIFactory() {
        return null;
    }

    public void wakeNotifier() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (notifier != null) {
                notifier.wake();
            }
        }
    }

    public void addPrintServiceAttributeListener(
                                 PrintServiceAttributeListener listener) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (listener == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (notifier == null) {
                notifier = new ServiceNotifier(this);
            }
            notifier.addListener(listener);
        }
    }

    public void removePrintServiceAttributeListener(
                                  PrintServiceAttributeListener listener) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (listener == null || notifier == null ) {
                return;
            }
            notifier.removeListener(listener);
            if (notifier.isEmpty()) {
                notifier.stopNotifier();
                notifier = null;
            }
        }
    }

    String getDest() {
        return printer;
    }

    public String getName() {
        /*
         * Mac is using printer-info IPP attribute for its human-readable printer
         * name and is also the identifier used in NSPrintInfo:setPrinter.
         */
        if (UnixPrintServiceLookup.isMac()) {
            PrintServiceAttributeSet psaSet = this.getAttributes();
            if (psaSet != null) {
                PrinterInfo pName = (PrinterInfo)psaSet.get(PrinterInfo.class);
                if (pName != null) {
                    return pName.toString();
                }
            }
        }
        return printer;
    }


    public boolean usesClass(Class c) {
        return (c == sun.print.PSPrinterJob.class);
    }


    public static HttpURLConnection getIPPConnection(URL url) {
        HttpURLConnection connection;
        URLConnection urlc;
        try {
            urlc = url.openConnection();
        } catch (java.io.IOException ioe) {
            return null;
        }
        if (!(urlc instanceof HttpURLConnection)) {
            return null;
        }
        connection = (HttpURLConnection)urlc;
        connection.setUseCaches(false);
        connection.setDefaultUseCaches(false);
        connection.setDoInput(true);
        connection.setDoOutput(true);
        connection.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/ipp");
        return connection;
    }


    public synchronized boolean isPostscript() {
        if (isPS == null) {
           isPS = Boolean.TRUE;
            if (isCupsPrinter) {
                try {
                    urlConnection = getIPPConnection(
                                             new URL(myURL+".ppd"));

                   InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
                   if (is != null) {
                       BufferedReader d =
                           new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,
                                                          Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1")));
                       String lineStr;
                       while ((lineStr = d.readLine()) != null) {
                           if (lineStr.startsWith("*cupsFilter:")) {
                               isPS = Boolean.FALSE;
                               break;
                           }
                       }
                    }
                } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
                    debug_println(" isPostscript, e= "+e);
                    /* if PPD is not found, this may be a raw printer
                       and in this case it is assumed that it is a
                       Postscript printer */
                    // do nothing
                }
            }
        }
        return isPS.booleanValue();
    }


    private void opGetAttributes() {
        try {
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"opGetAttributes myURI "+myURI+" myURL "+myURL);

            AttributeClass attClNoUri[] = {
                AttributeClass.ATTRIBUTES_CHARSET,
                AttributeClass.ATTRIBUTES_NATURAL_LANGUAGE};

            AttributeClass attCl[] = {
                AttributeClass.ATTRIBUTES_CHARSET,
                AttributeClass.ATTRIBUTES_NATURAL_LANGUAGE,
                new AttributeClass("printer-uri",
                                   AttributeClass.TAG_URI,
                                   ""+myURI)};

            OutputStream os = (OutputStream)java.security.AccessController.
                doPrivileged(new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                    public Object run() {
                        try {
                            return urlConnection.getOutputStream();
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                        }
                        return null;
                    }
                });

            if (os == null) {
                return;
            }

            boolean success = (myURI == null) ?
                writeIPPRequest(os, OP_GET_ATTRIBUTES, attClNoUri) :
                writeIPPRequest(os, OP_GET_ATTRIBUTES, attCl);
            if (success) {
                InputStream is = null;
                if ((is = urlConnection.getInputStream())!=null) {
                    HashMap[] responseMap = readIPPResponse(is);

                    if (responseMap != null && responseMap.length > 0) {
                        getAttMap = responseMap[0];
                    }
                } else {
                    debug_println(debugPrefix+"opGetAttributes - null input stream");
                }
                is.close();
            }
            os.close();
        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"opGetAttributes - input/output stream: "+e);
        }
    }


    public static boolean writeIPPRequest(OutputStream os,
                                           String operCode,
                                           AttributeClass[] attCl) {
        OutputStreamWriter osw;
        try {
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter(os, "UTF-8");
        } catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException exc) {
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"writeIPPRequest, UTF-8 not supported? Exception: "+exc);
            return false;
        }
        debug_println(debugPrefix+"writeIPPRequest, op code= "+operCode);
        char[] opCode =  new char[2];
        opCode[0] =  (char)Byte.parseByte(operCode.substring(0,2), 16);
        opCode[1] =  (char)Byte.parseByte(operCode.substring(2,4), 16);
        char[] bytes = {0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01};
        try {
            osw.write(bytes, 0, 2); // version number
            osw.write(opCode, 0, 2); // operation code
            bytes[0] = 0x00; bytes[1] = 0x00;
            osw.write(bytes, 0, 4); // request ID #1

            bytes[0] = 0x01; // operation-group-tag
            osw.write(bytes[0]);

            String valStr;
            char[] lenStr;

            AttributeClass ac;
            for (int i=0; i < attCl.length; i++) {
                ac = attCl[i];
                osw.write(ac.getType()); // value tag

                lenStr = ac.getLenChars();
                osw.write(lenStr, 0, 2); // length
                osw.write(""+ac, 0, ac.getName().length());

                // check if string range (0x35 -> 0x49)
                if (ac.getType() >= AttributeClass.TAG_TEXT_LANGUAGE &&
                    ac.getType() <= AttributeClass.TAG_MIME_MEDIATYPE){
                    valStr = (String)ac.getObjectValue();
                    bytes[0] = 0; bytes[1] = (char)valStr.length();
                    osw.write(bytes, 0, 2);
                    osw.write(valStr, 0, valStr.length());
                } // REMIND: need to support other value tags but for CUPS
                // string is all we need.
            }

            osw.write(GRPTAG_END_ATTRIBUTES);
            osw.flush();
            osw.close();
        } catch (java.io.IOException ioe) {
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"writeIPPRequest, IPPPrintService Exception in writeIPPRequest: "+ioe);
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }


    public static HashMap[] readIPPResponse(InputStream inputStream) {

        if (inputStream == null) {
            return null;
        }

        byte response[] = new byte[MAX_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH];
        try {

            DataInputStream ois = new DataInputStream(inputStream);

            // read status and ID
            if ((ois.read(response, 0, 8) > -1) &&
                (response[2] == STATUSCODE_SUCCESS)) {

                ByteArrayOutputStream outObj;
                int counter=0;
                short len = 0;
                String attribStr = null;
                // assign default value
                byte valTagByte = AttributeClass.TAG_KEYWORD;
                ArrayList respList = new ArrayList();
                HashMap responseMap = new HashMap();

                response[0] = ois.readByte();

                // check for group tags
                while ((response[0] >= GRPTAG_OP_ATTRIBUTES) &&
                       (response[0] <= GRPTAG_PRINTER_ATTRIBUTES)
                          && (response[0] != GRPTAG_END_ATTRIBUTES)) {
                    debug_println(debugPrefix+"readIPPResponse, checking group tag,  response[0]= "+
                                  response[0]);

                    outObj = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                    //make sure counter and attribStr are re-initialized
                    counter = 0;
                    attribStr = null;

                    // read value tag
                    response[0] = ois.readByte();
                    while (response[0] >= AttributeClass.TAG_UNSUPPORTED_VALUE &&
                           response[0] <= AttributeClass.TAG_MEMBER_ATTRNAME) {
                        // read name length
                        len  = ois.readShort();

                        // If current value is not part of previous attribute
                        // then close stream and add it to HashMap.
                        // It is part of previous attribute if name length=0.
                        if ((len != 0) && (attribStr != null)) {
                            //last byte is the total # of values
                            outObj.write(counter);
                            outObj.flush();
                            outObj.close();
                            byte outArray[] = outObj.toByteArray();

                            // if key exists, new HashMap
                            if (responseMap.containsKey(attribStr)) {
                                respList.add(responseMap);
                                responseMap = new HashMap();
                            }

                            // exclude those that are unknown
                            if (valTagByte >= AttributeClass.TAG_INT) {
                                AttributeClass ac =
                                    new AttributeClass(attribStr,
                                                       valTagByte,
                                                       outArray);

                                responseMap.put(ac.getName(), ac);
                                debug_println(debugPrefix+ "readIPPResponse "+ac);
                            }

                            outObj = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                            counter = 0; //reset counter
                        }
                        //check if this is new value tag
                        if (counter == 0) {
                            valTagByte = response[0];
                        }
                        // read attribute name
                        if (len != 0) {
                            // read "len" characters
                            // make sure it doesn't exceed the maximum
                            if (len > MAX_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH) {
                                response = new byte[len]; // expand as needed
                            }
                            ois.read(response, 0, len);
                            attribStr = new String(response, 0, len);
                        }
                        // read value length
                        len  = ois.readShort();
                        // write name length
                        outObj.write(len);
                        // read value, make sure it doesn't exceed the maximum
                        if (len > MAX_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH) {
                            response = new byte[len]; // expand as needed
                        }
                        ois.read(response, 0, len);
                        // write value of "len" length
                        outObj.write(response, 0, len);
                        counter++;
                        // read next byte
                        response[0] = ois.readByte();
                    }

                    if (attribStr != null) {
                        outObj.write(counter);
                        outObj.flush();
                        outObj.close();

                        // if key exists in old HashMap, new HashMap
                        if ((counter != 0) &&
                            responseMap.containsKey(attribStr)) {
                            respList.add(responseMap);
                            responseMap = new HashMap();
                        }

                        byte outArray[] = outObj.toByteArray();

                        AttributeClass ac =
                            new AttributeClass(attribStr,
                                               valTagByte,
                                               outArray);
                        responseMap.put(ac.getName(), ac);
                    }
                }
                ois.close();
                if ((responseMap != null) && (responseMap.size() > 0)) {
                    respList.add(responseMap);
                }
                return (HashMap[])respList.toArray(
                                  new HashMap[respList.size()]);
            } else {
                debug_println(debugPrefix+
                              "readIPPResponse client error, IPP status code-"
                                   +Integer.toHexString(response[2])+" & "
                                   +Integer.toHexString(response[3]));
                return null;
            }

        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
            debug_println(debugPrefix+"readIPPResponse: "+e);
            if (debugPrint) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    }


    public String toString() {
        return "IPP Printer : " + getName();
    }

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return  (obj == this ||
                 (obj instanceof IPPPrintService &&
                  ((IPPPrintService)obj).getName().equals(getName())));
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        return this.getClass().hashCode()+getName().hashCode();
    }
}

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