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Java example source code file (UnixPrintJob.java)

This example Java source code file (UnixPrintJob.java) is included in the alvinalexander.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

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Java - Java tags/keywords

awt, bufferedreader, copies, custommediatray, ioexception, ippprintservice, net, network, nosheet, object, outputstreamwriter, print, printer, printexception, printing, string, url, util, vector

The UnixPrintJob.java Java example source code

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package sun.print;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.Vector;

import javax.print.CancelablePrintJob;
import javax.print.Doc;
import javax.print.DocFlavor;
import javax.print.DocPrintJob;
import javax.print.PrintService;
import javax.print.PrintException;
import javax.print.event.PrintJobEvent;
import javax.print.event.PrintJobListener;
import javax.print.event.PrintJobAttributeListener;

import javax.print.attribute.Attribute;
import javax.print.attribute.AttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.AttributeSetUtilities;
import javax.print.attribute.DocAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.HashPrintJobAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.HashPrintRequestAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.PrintJobAttribute;
import javax.print.attribute.PrintJobAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.PrintRequestAttribute;
import javax.print.attribute.PrintRequestAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.PrintServiceAttributeSet;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Copies;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Destination;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.DocumentName;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Fidelity;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.JobName;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.JobOriginatingUserName;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.JobSheets;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Media;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.MediaSize;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.MediaSizeName;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.OrientationRequested;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.PrinterName;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.RequestingUserName;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.NumberUp;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.Sides;
import javax.print.attribute.standard.PrinterIsAcceptingJobs;

import java.awt.print.*;



public class UnixPrintJob implements CancelablePrintJob {
    private static String debugPrefix = "UnixPrintJob>> ";

    transient private Vector jobListeners;
    transient private Vector attrListeners;
    transient private Vector listenedAttributeSets;

    private PrintService service;
    private boolean fidelity;
    private boolean printing = false;
    private boolean printReturned = false;
    private PrintRequestAttributeSet reqAttrSet = null;
    private PrintJobAttributeSet jobAttrSet = null;
    private PrinterJob job;
    private Doc doc;
    /* these variables used globally to store reference to the print
     * data retrieved as a stream. On completion these are always closed
     * if non-null.
     */
    private InputStream instream = null;
    private Reader reader = null;

    /* default values overridden by those extracted from the attributes */
    private String jobName = "Java Printing";
    private int copies = 1;
    private MediaSizeName mediaName = MediaSizeName.NA_LETTER;
    private MediaSize     mediaSize = MediaSize.NA.LETTER;
    private CustomMediaTray     customTray = null;
    private OrientationRequested orient = OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT;
    private NumberUp nUp = null;
    private Sides sides = null;

    UnixPrintJob(PrintService service) {
        this.service = service;
        mDestination = service.getName();
        if (UnixPrintServiceLookup.isMac()) {
            mDestination = ((IPPPrintService)service).getDest();
        }
        mDestType = UnixPrintJob.DESTPRINTER;
    }

    public PrintService getPrintService() {
        return service;
    }

    public PrintJobAttributeSet getAttributes() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (jobAttrSet == null) {
                /* just return an empty set until the job is submitted */
                PrintJobAttributeSet jobSet = new HashPrintJobAttributeSet();
                return AttributeSetUtilities.unmodifiableView(jobSet);
            } else {
              return jobAttrSet;
            }
        }
    }

    public void addPrintJobListener(PrintJobListener listener) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (listener == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (jobListeners == null) {
                jobListeners = new Vector();
            }
            jobListeners.add(listener);
        }
    }

    public void removePrintJobListener(PrintJobListener listener) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (listener == null || jobListeners == null ) {
                return;
            }
            jobListeners.remove(listener);
            if (jobListeners.isEmpty()) {
                jobListeners = null;
            }
        }
    }


    /* Closes any stream already retrieved for the data.
     * We want to avoid unnecessarily asking the Doc to create a stream only
     * to get a reference in order to close it because the job failed.
     * If the representation class is itself a "stream", this
     * closes that stream too.
     */
    private void closeDataStreams() {

        if (doc == null) {
            return;
        }

        Object data = null;

        try {
            data = doc.getPrintData();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return;
        }

        if (instream != null) {
            try {
                instream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            } finally {
                instream = null;
            }
        }
        else if (reader != null) {
            try {
                reader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            } finally {
                reader = null;
            }
        }
        else if (data instanceof InputStream) {
            try {
                ((InputStream)data).close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }
        else if (data instanceof Reader) {
            try {
                ((Reader)data).close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }
    }

    private void notifyEvent(int reason) {

        /* since this method should always get called, here's where
         * we will perform the clean up of any data stream supplied.
         */
        switch (reason) {
            case PrintJobEvent.DATA_TRANSFER_COMPLETE:
            case PrintJobEvent.JOB_CANCELED :
            case PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED :
            case PrintJobEvent.NO_MORE_EVENTS :
            case PrintJobEvent.JOB_COMPLETE :
                closeDataStreams();
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            if (jobListeners != null) {
                PrintJobListener listener;
                PrintJobEvent event = new PrintJobEvent(this, reason);
                for (int i = 0; i < jobListeners.size(); i++) {
                    listener = (PrintJobListener)(jobListeners.elementAt(i));
                    switch (reason) {

                        case PrintJobEvent.JOB_CANCELED :
                            listener.printJobCanceled(event);
                            break;

                        case PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED :
                            listener.printJobFailed(event);
                            break;

                        case PrintJobEvent.DATA_TRANSFER_COMPLETE :
                            listener.printDataTransferCompleted(event);
                            break;

                        case PrintJobEvent.NO_MORE_EVENTS :
                            listener.printJobNoMoreEvents(event);
                            break;

                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }
       }
    }

    public void addPrintJobAttributeListener(
                                  PrintJobAttributeListener listener,
                                  PrintJobAttributeSet attributes) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (listener == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (attrListeners == null) {
                attrListeners = new Vector();
                listenedAttributeSets = new Vector();
            }
            attrListeners.add(listener);
            if (attributes == null) {
                attributes = new HashPrintJobAttributeSet();
            }
            listenedAttributeSets.add(attributes);
        }
    }

    public void removePrintJobAttributeListener(
                                        PrintJobAttributeListener listener) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (listener == null || attrListeners == null ) {
                return;
            }
            int index = attrListeners.indexOf(listener);
            if (index == -1) {
                return;
            } else {
                attrListeners.remove(index);
                listenedAttributeSets.remove(index);
                if (attrListeners.isEmpty()) {
                    attrListeners = null;
                    listenedAttributeSets = null;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void print(Doc doc, PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes)
        throws PrintException {

        synchronized (this) {
            if (printing) {
                throw new PrintException("already printing");
            } else {
                printing = true;
            }
        }

        if ((PrinterIsAcceptingJobs)(service.getAttribute(
                         PrinterIsAcceptingJobs.class)) ==
                         PrinterIsAcceptingJobs.NOT_ACCEPTING_JOBS) {
            throw new PrintException("Printer is not accepting job.");
        }

        this.doc = doc;
        /* check if the parameters are valid before doing much processing */
        DocFlavor flavor = doc.getDocFlavor();

        Object data;

        try {
            data = doc.getPrintData();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
            throw new PrintException("can't get print data: " + e.toString());
        }

        if (data == null) {
            throw new PrintException("Null print data.");
        }

        if (flavor == null || (!service.isDocFlavorSupported(flavor))) {
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
            throw new PrintJobFlavorException("invalid flavor", flavor);
        }

        initializeAttributeSets(doc, attributes);

        getAttributeValues(flavor);

        // set up mOptions
        if ((service instanceof IPPPrintService) &&
            CUPSPrinter.isCupsRunning()) {

             IPPPrintService.debug_println(debugPrefix+
                        "instanceof IPPPrintService");

             if (mediaName != null) {
                 CustomMediaSizeName customMedia =
                     ((IPPPrintService)service).findCustomMedia(mediaName);
                 if (customMedia != null) {
                     mOptions = " media="+ customMedia.getChoiceName();
                 }
             }

             if (customTray != null &&
                 customTray instanceof CustomMediaTray) {
                 String choice = customTray.getChoiceName();
                 if (choice != null) {
                     mOptions += " media="+choice;
                 }
             }

             if (nUp != null) {
                 mOptions += " number-up="+nUp.getValue();
             }

             if (orient != OrientationRequested.PORTRAIT &&
                 (flavor != null) &&
                 !flavor.equals(DocFlavor.SERVICE_FORMATTED.PAGEABLE)) {
                 mOptions += " orientation-requested="+orient.getValue();
             }

             if (sides != null) {
                 mOptions += " sides="+sides;
             }

        }

        IPPPrintService.debug_println(debugPrefix+"mOptions "+mOptions);
        String repClassName = flavor.getRepresentationClassName();
        String val = flavor.getParameter("charset");
        String encoding = "us-ascii";
        if (val != null && !val.equals("")) {
            encoding = val;
        }

        if (flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.GIF) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.JPEG) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.PNG) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.GIF) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.JPEG) ||
            flavor.equals(DocFlavor.BYTE_ARRAY.PNG)) {
            try {
                instream = doc.getStreamForBytes();
                if (instream == null) {
                    notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                    throw new PrintException("No stream for data");
                }
                if (!(service instanceof IPPPrintService &&
                    ((IPPPrintService)service).isIPPSupportedImages(
                                                flavor.getMimeType()))) {
                    printableJob(new ImagePrinter(instream));
                    ((UnixPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
                    return;
                }
            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(cce);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(ioe);
            }
        } else if (flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.GIF) ||
                   flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.JPEG) ||
                   flavor.equals(DocFlavor.URL.PNG)) {
            try {
                URL url = (URL)data;
                if ((service instanceof IPPPrintService) &&
                    ((IPPPrintService)service).isIPPSupportedImages(
                                               flavor.getMimeType())) {
                    instream = url.openStream();
                } else {
                    printableJob(new ImagePrinter(url));
                    ((UnixPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
                    return;
                }
            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(cce);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(e.toString());
            }
        } else if (flavor.equals(DocFlavor.CHAR_ARRAY.TEXT_PLAIN) ||
                   flavor.equals(DocFlavor.READER.TEXT_PLAIN) ||
                   flavor.equals(DocFlavor.STRING.TEXT_PLAIN)) {
            try {
                reader = doc.getReaderForText();
                if (reader == null) {
                   notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                   throw new PrintException("No reader for data");
                }
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(ioe.toString());
            }
        } else if (repClassName.equals("[B") ||
                   repClassName.equals("java.io.InputStream")) {
            try {
                instream = doc.getStreamForBytes();
                if (instream == null) {
                    notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                    throw new PrintException("No stream for data");
                }
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(ioe.toString());
            }
        } else if  (repClassName.equals("java.net.URL")) {
            /*
             * This extracts the data from the URL and passes it the content
             * directly to the print service as a file.
             * This is appropriate for the current implementation where lp or
             * lpr is always used to spool the data. We expect to revise the
             * implementation to provide more complete IPP support (ie not just
             * CUPS) and at that time the job will be spooled via IPP
             * and the URL
             * itself should be sent to the IPP print service not the content.
             */
            URL url = (URL)data;
            try {
                instream = url.openStream();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(e.toString());
            }
        } else if (repClassName.equals("java.awt.print.Pageable")) {
            try {
                pageableJob((Pageable)doc.getPrintData());
                if (service instanceof IPPPrintService) {
                    ((IPPPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
                } else {
                    ((UnixPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
                }
                return;
            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(cce);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(ioe);
            }
        } else if (repClassName.equals("java.awt.print.Printable")) {
            try {
                printableJob((Printable)doc.getPrintData());
                if (service instanceof IPPPrintService) {
                    ((IPPPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
                } else {
                    ((UnixPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
                }
                return;
            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(cce);
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException(ioe);
            }
        } else {
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
            throw new PrintException("unrecognized class: "+repClassName);
        }

        // now spool the print data.
        PrinterOpener po = new PrinterOpener();
        java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(po);
        if (po.pex != null) {
            throw po.pex;
        }
        OutputStream output = po.result;

        /* There are three cases:
         * 1) Text data from a Reader, just pass through.
         * 2) Text data from an input stream which we must read using the
         *    correct encoding
         * 3) Raw byte data from an InputStream we don't interpret as text,
         *    just pass through: eg postscript.
         */

        BufferedWriter bw = null;
        if ((instream == null && reader != null)) {
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(output);
            bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
            char []buffer = new char[1024];
            int cread;

            try {
                while ((cread = br.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) >=0) {
                    bw.write(buffer, 0, cread);
                }
                br.close();
                bw.flush();
                bw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException (e);
            }
        } else if (instream != null &&
                   flavor.getMediaType().equalsIgnoreCase("text")) {
            try {

                InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(instream,
                                                              encoding);
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
                OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(output);
                bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
                char []buffer = new char[1024];
                int cread;

                while ((cread = br.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) >=0) {
                    bw.write(buffer, 0, cread);
                }
                bw.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException (e);
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (bw != null) {
                        bw.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
            }
        } else if (instream != null) {
            BufferedInputStream bin = new BufferedInputStream(instream);
            BufferedOutputStream bout = new BufferedOutputStream(output);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bread = 0;

            try {
                while ((bread = bin.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                    bout.write(buffer, 0, bread);
                }
                bin.close();
                bout.flush();
                bout.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                throw new PrintException (e);
            }
        }
        notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.DATA_TRANSFER_COMPLETE);

        if (mDestType == UnixPrintJob.DESTPRINTER) {
            PrinterSpooler spooler = new PrinterSpooler();
            java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(spooler);
            if (spooler.pex != null) {
                throw spooler.pex;
            }
        }
        notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.NO_MORE_EVENTS);
        if (service instanceof IPPPrintService) {
            ((IPPPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
        } else {
            ((UnixPrintService)service).wakeNotifier();
        }
    }

    public void printableJob(Printable printable) throws PrintException {
        try {
            synchronized(this) {
                if (job != null) { // shouldn't happen
                    throw new PrintException("already printing");
                } else {
                    job = new PSPrinterJob();
                }
            }
            job.setPrintService(getPrintService());
            job.setCopies(copies);
            job.setJobName(jobName);
            PageFormat pf = new PageFormat();
            if (mediaSize != null) {
                Paper p = new Paper();
                p.setSize(mediaSize.getX(MediaSize.INCH)*72.0,
                          mediaSize.getY(MediaSize.INCH)*72.0);
                p.setImageableArea(72.0, 72.0, p.getWidth()-144.0,
                                   p.getHeight()-144.0);
                pf.setPaper(p);
            }
            if (orient == OrientationRequested.REVERSE_LANDSCAPE) {
                pf.setOrientation(PageFormat.REVERSE_LANDSCAPE);
            } else if (orient == OrientationRequested.LANDSCAPE) {
                pf.setOrientation(PageFormat.LANDSCAPE);
            }
            job.setPrintable(printable, pf);
            job.print(reqAttrSet);
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.DATA_TRANSFER_COMPLETE);
            return;
        } catch (PrinterException pe) {
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
            throw new PrintException(pe);
        } finally {
            printReturned = true;
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.NO_MORE_EVENTS);
        }
    }

    public void pageableJob(Pageable pageable) throws PrintException {
        try {
            synchronized(this) {
                if (job != null) { // shouldn't happen
                    throw new PrintException("already printing");
                } else {
                    job = new PSPrinterJob();
                }
            }
            job.setPrintService(getPrintService());
            job.setCopies(copies);
            job.setJobName(jobName);
            job.setPageable(pageable);
            job.print(reqAttrSet);
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.DATA_TRANSFER_COMPLETE);
            return;
        } catch (PrinterException pe) {
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
            throw new PrintException(pe);
        } finally {
            printReturned = true;
            notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.NO_MORE_EVENTS);
        }
    }
    /* There's some inefficiency here as the job set is created even though
     * it may never be requested.
     */
    private synchronized void
        initializeAttributeSets(Doc doc, PrintRequestAttributeSet reqSet) {

        reqAttrSet = new HashPrintRequestAttributeSet();
        jobAttrSet = new HashPrintJobAttributeSet();

        Attribute[] attrs;
        if (reqSet != null) {
            reqAttrSet.addAll(reqSet);
            attrs = reqSet.toArray();
            for (int i=0; i<attrs.length; i++) {
                if (attrs[i] instanceof PrintJobAttribute) {
                    jobAttrSet.add(attrs[i]);
                }
            }
        }

        DocAttributeSet docSet = doc.getAttributes();
        if (docSet != null) {
            attrs = docSet.toArray();
            for (int i=0; i<attrs.length; i++) {
                if (attrs[i] instanceof PrintRequestAttribute) {
                    reqAttrSet.add(attrs[i]);
                }
                if (attrs[i] instanceof PrintJobAttribute) {
                    jobAttrSet.add(attrs[i]);
                }
            }
        }

        /* add the user name to the job */
        String userName = "";
        try {
          userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
        }

        if (userName == null || userName.equals("")) {
            RequestingUserName ruName =
                (RequestingUserName)reqSet.get(RequestingUserName.class);
            if (ruName != null) {
                jobAttrSet.add(
                    new JobOriginatingUserName(ruName.getValue(),
                                               ruName.getLocale()));
            } else {
                jobAttrSet.add(new JobOriginatingUserName("", null));
            }
        } else {
            jobAttrSet.add(new JobOriginatingUserName(userName, null));
        }

        /* if no job name supplied use doc name (if supplied), if none and
         * its a URL use that, else finally anything .. */
        if (jobAttrSet.get(JobName.class) == null) {
            JobName jobName;
            if (docSet != null && docSet.get(DocumentName.class) != null) {
                DocumentName docName =
                    (DocumentName)docSet.get(DocumentName.class);
                jobName = new JobName(docName.getValue(), docName.getLocale());
                jobAttrSet.add(jobName);
            } else {
                String str = "JPS Job:" + doc;
                try {
                    Object printData = doc.getPrintData();
                    if (printData instanceof URL) {
                        str = ((URL)(doc.getPrintData())).toString();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
                jobName = new JobName(str, null);
                jobAttrSet.add(jobName);
            }
        }

        jobAttrSet = AttributeSetUtilities.unmodifiableView(jobAttrSet);
    }

    private void getAttributeValues(DocFlavor flavor) throws PrintException {
        Attribute attr;
        Class category;

        if (reqAttrSet.get(Fidelity.class) == Fidelity.FIDELITY_TRUE) {
            fidelity = true;
        } else {
            fidelity = false;
        }

        Attribute []attrs = reqAttrSet.toArray();
        for (int i=0; i<attrs.length; i++) {
            attr = attrs[i];
            category = attr.getCategory();
            if (fidelity == true) {
                if (!service.isAttributeCategorySupported(category)) {
                    notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                    throw new PrintJobAttributeException(
                        "unsupported category: " + category, category, null);
                } else if
                    (!service.isAttributeValueSupported(attr, flavor, null)) {
                    notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                    throw new PrintJobAttributeException(
                        "unsupported attribute: " + attr, null, attr);
                }
            }
            if (category == Destination.class) {
                URI uri = ((Destination)attr).getURI();
                if (!"file".equals(uri.getScheme())) {
                    notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                    throw new PrintException("Not a file: URI");
                } else {
                    try {
                        mDestType = DESTFILE;
                        mDestination = (new File(uri)).getPath();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new PrintException(e);
                    }
                    // check write access
                    SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
                    if (security != null) {
                      try {
                        security.checkWrite(mDestination);
                      } catch (SecurityException se) {
                        notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                        throw new PrintException(se);
                      }
                    }
                }
            } else if (category == JobSheets.class) {
                if ((JobSheets)attr == JobSheets.NONE) {
                   mNoJobSheet = true;
                }
            } else if (category == JobName.class) {
                jobName = ((JobName)attr).getValue();
            } else if (category == Copies.class) {
                copies = ((Copies)attr).getValue();
            } else if (category == Media.class) {
                if (attr instanceof MediaSizeName) {
                    mediaName = (MediaSizeName)attr;
                    IPPPrintService.debug_println(debugPrefix+
                                                  "mediaName "+mediaName);
                if (!service.isAttributeValueSupported(attr, null, null)) {
                    mediaSize = MediaSize.getMediaSizeForName(mediaName);
                }
              } else if (attr instanceof CustomMediaTray) {
                  customTray = (CustomMediaTray)attr;
              }
            } else if (category == OrientationRequested.class) {
                orient = (OrientationRequested)attr;
            } else if (category == NumberUp.class) {
                nUp = (NumberUp)attr;
            } else if (category == Sides.class) {
                sides = (Sides)attr;
            }
        }
    }

    private String[] printExecCmd(String printer, String options,
                                 boolean noJobSheet,
                                 String banner, int copies, String spoolFile) {
        int PRINTER = 0x1;
        int OPTIONS = 0x2;
        int BANNER  = 0x4;
        int COPIES  = 0x8;
        int NOSHEET  = 0x10;
        int pFlags = 0;
        String execCmd[];
        int ncomps = 2; // minimum number of print args
        int n = 0;

        // conveniently "lp" is the default destination for both lp and lpr.
        if (printer != null && !printer.equals("") && !printer.equals("lp")) {
            pFlags |= PRINTER;
            ncomps+=1;
        }
        if (options != null && !options.equals("")) {
            pFlags |= OPTIONS;
            ncomps+=1;
        }
        if (banner != null && !banner.equals("")) {
            pFlags |= BANNER;
            ncomps+=1;
        }
        if (copies > 1) {
            pFlags |= COPIES;
            ncomps+=1;
        }
        if (noJobSheet) {
            pFlags |= NOSHEET;
            ncomps+=1;
        }
        if (UnixPrintServiceLookup.osname.equals("SunOS")) {
            ncomps+=1; // lp uses 1 more arg than lpr (make a copy)
            execCmd = new String[ncomps];
            execCmd[n++] = "/usr/bin/lp";
            execCmd[n++] = "-c";           // make a copy of the spool file
            if ((pFlags & PRINTER) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-d" + printer;
            }
            if ((pFlags & BANNER) != 0) {
                String quoteChar = "\"";
                execCmd[n++] = "-t "  + quoteChar+banner+quoteChar;
            }
            if ((pFlags & COPIES) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-n " + copies;
            }
            if ((pFlags & NOSHEET) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-o nobanner";
            }
            if ((pFlags & OPTIONS) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-o " + options;
            }
        } else {
            execCmd = new String[ncomps];
            execCmd[n++] = "/usr/bin/lpr";
            if ((pFlags & PRINTER) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-P" + printer;
            }
            if ((pFlags & BANNER) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-J "  + banner;
            }
            if ((pFlags & COPIES) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-#" + copies;
            }
            if ((pFlags & NOSHEET) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-h";
            }
            if ((pFlags & OPTIONS) != 0) {
                execCmd[n++] = "-o" + options;
            }
        }
        execCmd[n++] = spoolFile;
        if (IPPPrintService.debugPrint) {
            System.out.println("UnixPrintJob>> execCmd");
            for (int i=0; i<execCmd.length; i++) {
                System.out.print(" "+execCmd[i]);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        return execCmd;
    }

    private static int DESTPRINTER = 1;
    private static int DESTFILE = 2;
    private int mDestType = DESTPRINTER;

    private File spoolFile;
    private String mDestination, mOptions="";
    private boolean mNoJobSheet = false;

    // Inner class to run "privileged" to open the printer output stream.

    private class PrinterOpener implements java.security.PrivilegedAction {
        PrintException pex;
        OutputStream result;

        public Object run() {
            try {
                if (mDestType == UnixPrintJob.DESTFILE) {
                    spoolFile = new File(mDestination);
                } else {
                    /* Write to a temporary file which will be spooled to
                     * the printer then deleted. In the case that the file
                     * is not removed for some reason, request that it is
                     * removed when the VM exits.
                     */
                    spoolFile = Files.createTempFile("javaprint", "").toFile();
                    spoolFile.deleteOnExit();
                }
                result = new FileOutputStream(spoolFile);
                return result;
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                // If there is an IOError we subvert it to a PrinterException.
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                pex = new PrintException(ex);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

    // Inner class to run "privileged" to invoke the system print command

    private class PrinterSpooler implements java.security.PrivilegedAction {
        PrintException pex;

        private void handleProcessFailure(final Process failedProcess,
                final String[] execCmd, final int result) throws IOException {
            try (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
                    PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw)) {
                pw.append("error=").append(Integer.toString(result));
                pw.append(" running:");
                for (String arg: execCmd) {
                    pw.append(" '").append(arg).append("'");
                }
                try (InputStream is = failedProcess.getErrorStream();
                        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
                        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)) {
                    while (br.ready()) {
                        pw.println();
                        pw.append("\t\t").append(br.readLine());
                    }
                } finally {
                    pw.flush();
                    throw new IOException(sw.toString());
                }
            }
        }

        public Object run() {
            if (spoolFile == null || !spoolFile.exists()) {
               pex = new PrintException("No spool file");
               notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
               return null;
            }
            try {
                /**
                 * Spool to the printer.
                 */
                String fileName = spoolFile.getAbsolutePath();
                String execCmd[] = printExecCmd(mDestination, mOptions,
                               mNoJobSheet, jobName, copies, fileName);

                Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(execCmd);
                process.waitFor();
                final int result = process.exitValue();
                if (0 != result) {
                    handleProcessFailure(process, execCmd, result);
                }
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.DATA_TRANSFER_COMPLETE);
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                // REMIND : 2d printing throws PrinterException
                pex = new PrintException(ex);
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_FAILED);
                pex = new PrintException(ie);
            } finally {
                spoolFile.delete();
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.NO_MORE_EVENTS);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

    public void cancel() throws PrintException {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (!printing) {
                throw new PrintException("Job is not yet submitted.");
            } else if (job != null && !printReturned) {
                job.cancel();
                notifyEvent(PrintJobEvent.JOB_CANCELED);
                return;
            } else {
                throw new PrintException("Job could not be cancelled.");
            }
        }
    }
}

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