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Spring Framework example source code file (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java)

This example Spring Framework source code file (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java) is included in the DevDaily.com "Java Source Code Warehouse" project. The intent of this project is to help you "Learn Java by Example" TM.

Java - Spring Framework tags/keywords

defaulttransactionstatus, illegaltransactionstateexception, io, list, list, object, object, participating, suspendedresourcesholder, suspendedresourcesholder, synchronization_always, synchronization_never, transaction, transactionexception, transactionexception, util

The Spring Framework AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java source code

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2008 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.transaction.support;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.core.Constants;
import org.springframework.transaction.IllegalTransactionStateException;
import org.springframework.transaction.InvalidTimeoutException;
import org.springframework.transaction.NestedTransactionNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionException;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.transaction.UnexpectedRollbackException;

/**
 * Abstract base class that implements Spring's standard transaction workflow,
 * serving as basis for concrete platform transaction managers like
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager} and
 * {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager}.
 *
 * <p>This base class provides the following workflow handling:
 * <ul>
 * <li>determines if there is an existing transaction;
 * <li>applies the appropriate propagation behavior;
 * <li>suspends and resumes transactions if necessary;
 * <li>checks the rollback-only flag on commit;
 * <li>applies the appropriate modification on rollback
 * (actual rollback or setting rollback-only);
 * <li>triggers registered synchronization callbacks
 * (if transaction synchronization is active).
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Subclasses have to implement specific template methods for specific
 * states of a transaction, e.g.: begin, suspend, resume, commit, rollback.
 * The most important of them are abstract and must be provided by a concrete
 * implementation; for the rest, defaults are provided, so overriding is optional.
 *
 * <p>Transaction synchronization is a generic mechanism for registering callbacks
 * that get invoked at transaction completion time. This is mainly used internally
 * by the data access support classes for JDBC, Hibernate, JDO, etc when running
 * within a JTA transaction: They register resources that are opened within the
 * transaction for closing at transaction completion time, allowing e.g. for reuse
 * of the same Hibernate Session within the transaction. The same mechanism can
 * also be leveraged for custom synchronization needs in an application.
 * 
 * <p>The state of this class is serializable, to allow for serializing the
 * transaction strategy along with proxies that carry a transaction interceptor.
 * It is up to subclasses if they wish to make their state to be serializable too.
 * They should implement the <code>java.io.Serializable marker interface in
 * that case, and potentially a private <code>readObject() method (according
 * to Java serialization rules) if they need to restore any transient state.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 28.03.2003
 * @see #setTransactionSynchronization
 * @see TransactionSynchronizationManager
 * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
 * @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager
 */
public abstract class AbstractPlatformTransactionManager implements PlatformTransactionManager, Serializable {

	/**
	 * Always activate transaction synchronization, even for "empty" transactions
	 * that result from PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS with no existing backend transaction.
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#PROPAGATION_NEVER
	 */
	public static final int SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS = 0;

	/**
	 * Activate transaction synchronization only for actual transactions,
	 * that is, not for empty ones that result from PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS with
	 * no existing backend transaction.
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#PROPAGATION_MANDATORY
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW
	 */
	public static final int SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_ACTUAL_TRANSACTION = 1;

	/**
	 * Never active transaction synchronization, not even for actual transactions.
	 */
	public static final int SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER = 2;


	/** Constants instance for AbstractPlatformTransactionManager */
	private static final Constants constants = new Constants(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.class);


	/** Transient to optimize serialization */
	protected transient Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

	private int transactionSynchronization = SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS;

	private int defaultTimeout = TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;

	private boolean nestedTransactionAllowed = false;

	private boolean validateExistingTransaction = false;

	private boolean globalRollbackOnParticipationFailure = true;

	private boolean failEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly = false;

	private boolean rollbackOnCommitFailure = false;


	/**
	 * Set the transaction synchronization by the name of the corresponding constant
	 * in this class, e.g. "SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS".
	 * @param constantName name of the constant
	 * @see #SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS
	 */
	public final void setTransactionSynchronizationName(String constantName) {
		setTransactionSynchronization(constants.asNumber(constantName).intValue());
	}

	/**
	 * Set when this transaction manager should activate the thread-bound
	 * transaction synchronization support. Default is "always".
	 * <p>Note that transaction synchronization isn't supported for
	 * multiple concurrent transactions by different transaction managers.
	 * Only one transaction manager is allowed to activate it at any time.
	 * @see #SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS
	 * @see #SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_ACTUAL_TRANSACTION
	 * @see #SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER
	 * @see TransactionSynchronizationManager
	 * @see TransactionSynchronization
	 */
	public final void setTransactionSynchronization(int transactionSynchronization) {
		this.transactionSynchronization = transactionSynchronization;
	}

	/**
	 * Return if this transaction manager should activate the thread-bound
	 * transaction synchronization support.
	 */
	public final int getTransactionSynchronization() {
		return this.transactionSynchronization;
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the default timeout that this transaction manager should apply
	 * if there is no timeout specified at the transaction level, in seconds.
	 * <p>Default is the underlying transaction infrastructure's default timeout,
	 * e.g. typically 30 seconds in case of a JTA provider, indicated by the
	 * <code>TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT value.
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#TIMEOUT_DEFAULT
	 */
	public final void setDefaultTimeout(int defaultTimeout) {
		if (defaultTimeout < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
			throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid default timeout", defaultTimeout);
		}
		this.defaultTimeout = defaultTimeout;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the default timeout that this transaction manager should apply
	 * if there is no timeout specified at the transaction level, in seconds.
	 * <p>Returns TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT to indicate
	 * the underlying transaction infrastructure's default timeout.
	 */
	public final int getDefaultTimeout() {
		return this.defaultTimeout;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether nested transactions are allowed. Default is "false".
	 * <p>Typically initialized with an appropriate default by the
	 * concrete transaction manager subclass.
	 */
	public final void setNestedTransactionAllowed(boolean nestedTransactionAllowed) {
		this.nestedTransactionAllowed = nestedTransactionAllowed;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether nested transactions are allowed.
	 */
	public final boolean isNestedTransactionAllowed() {
		return this.nestedTransactionAllowed;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether existing transactions should be validated before participating
	 * in them.
	 * <p>When participating in an existing transaction (e.g. with
	 * PROPAGATION_REQUIRES or PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS encountering an existing
	 * transaction), this outer transaction's characteristics will apply even
	 * to the inner transaction scope. Validation will detect incompatible
	 * isolation level and read-only settings on the inner transaction definition
	 * and reject participation accordingly through throwing a corresponding exception.
	 * <p>Default is "false", leniently ignoring inner transaction settings,
	 * simply overriding them with the outer transaction's characteristics.
	 * Switch this flag to "true" in order to enforce strict validation.
	 */
	public final void setValidateExistingTransaction(boolean validateExistingTransaction) {
		this.validateExistingTransaction = validateExistingTransaction;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether existing transactions should be validated before participating
	 * in them.
	 */
	public final boolean isValidateExistingTransaction() {
		return this.validateExistingTransaction;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether to globally mark an existing transaction as rollback-only
	 * after a participating transaction failed.
	 * <p>Default is "true": If a participating transaction (e.g. with
	 * PROPAGATION_REQUIRES or PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS encountering an existing
	 * transaction) fails, the transaction will be globally marked as rollback-only.
	 * The only possible outcome of such a transaction is a rollback: The
	 * transaction originator <i>cannot make the transaction commit anymore.
	 * <p>Switch this to "false" to let the transaction originator make the rollback
	 * decision. If a participating transaction fails with an exception, the caller
	 * can still decide to continue with a different path within the transaction.
	 * However, note that this will only work as long as all participating resources
	 * are capable of continuing towards a transaction commit even after a data access
	 * failure: This is generally not the case for a Hibernate Session, for example;
	 * neither is it for a sequence of JDBC insert/update/delete operations.
	 * <p>Note:This flag only applies to an explicit rollback attempt for a
	 * subtransaction, typically caused by an exception thrown by a data access operation
	 * (where TransactionInterceptor will trigger a <code>PlatformTransactionManager.rollback()
	 * call according to a rollback rule). If the flag is off, the caller can handle the exception
	 * and decide on a rollback, independent of the rollback rules of the subtransaction.
	 * This flag does, however, <i>not apply to explicit setRollbackOnly
	 * calls on a <code>TransactionStatus, which will always cause an eventual
	 * global rollback (as it might not throw an exception after the rollback-only call).
	 * <p>The recommended solution for handling failure of a subtransaction
	 * is a "nested transaction", where the global transaction can be rolled
	 * back to a savepoint taken at the beginning of the subtransaction.
	 * PROPAGATION_NESTED provides exactly those semantics; however, it will
	 * only work when nested transaction support is available. This is the case
	 * with DataSourceTransactionManager, but not with JtaTransactionManager.
	 * @see #setNestedTransactionAllowed
	 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager
	 */
	public final void setGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure(boolean globalRollbackOnParticipationFailure) {
		this.globalRollbackOnParticipationFailure = globalRollbackOnParticipationFailure;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to globally mark an existing transaction as rollback-only
	 * after a participating transaction failed.
	 */
	public final boolean isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure() {
		return this.globalRollbackOnParticipationFailure;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether to fail early in case of the transaction being globally marked
	 * as rollback-only.
	 * <p>Default is "false", only causing an UnexpectedRollbackException at the
	 * outermost transaction boundary. Switch this flag on to cause an
	 * UnexpectedRollbackException as early as the global rollback-only marker
	 * has been first detected, even from within an inner transaction boundary.
	 * <p>Note that, as of Spring 2.0, the fail-early behavior for global
	 * rollback-only markers has been unified: All transaction managers will by
	 * default only cause UnexpectedRollbackException at the outermost transaction
	 * boundary. This allows, for example, to continue unit tests even after an
	 * operation failed and the transaction will never be completed. All transaction
	 * managers will only fail earlier if this flag has explicitly been set to "true".
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.UnexpectedRollbackException
	 */
	public final void setFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly(boolean failEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly) {
		this.failEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly = failEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to fail early in case of the transaction being globally marked
	 * as rollback-only.
	 */
	public final boolean isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly() {
		return this.failEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether <code>doRollback should be performed on failure of the
	 * <code>doCommit call. Typically not necessary and thus to be avoided,
	 * as it can potentially override the commit exception with a subsequent
	 * rollback exception.
	 * <p>Default is "false".
	 * @see #doCommit
	 * @see #doRollback
	 */
	public final void setRollbackOnCommitFailure(boolean rollbackOnCommitFailure) {
		this.rollbackOnCommitFailure = rollbackOnCommitFailure;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether <code>doRollback should be performed on failure of the
	 * <code>doCommit call.
	 */
	public final boolean isRollbackOnCommitFailure() {
		return this.rollbackOnCommitFailure;
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of PlatformTransactionManager
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * This implementation handles propagation behavior. Delegates to
	 * <code>doGetTransaction, isExistingTransaction
	 * and <code>doBegin.
	 * @see #doGetTransaction
	 * @see #isExistingTransaction
	 * @see #doBegin
	 */
	public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
		Object transaction = doGetTransaction();

		// Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
		boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Using transaction object [" + transaction + "]");
		}

		if (definition == null) {
			// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
			definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
		}

		if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
			// Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
			return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
		}

		// Check definition settings for new transaction.
		if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
			throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
		}

		// No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed.
		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
		}
		else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
		    definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
			SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]: " + definition);
			}
			try {
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
			}
			catch (TransactionException ex) {
				resume(null, suspendedResources);
				throw ex;
			}
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
			return newTransactionStatus(
					definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
		}
		else {
			// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
			return newTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a TransactionStatus for an existing transaction.
	 */
	private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
			TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
			throws TransactionException {

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
		}

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");
			}
			Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
			return newTransactionStatus(
					definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
		}

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
						definition.getName() + "]");
			}
			SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
			try {
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
			}
			catch (TransactionException beginEx) {
				try {
					resume(transaction, suspendedResources);
				}
				catch (TransactionException resumeEx) {
					logger.error(
							"Inner transaction begin exception overridden by outer transaction resume exception", beginEx);
					throw resumeEx;
				}
				throw beginEx;
			}
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
			return newTransactionStatus(
					definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
		}

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
			if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
				throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
						"Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
						"specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
			}
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
			}
			if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
				// Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
				// through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
				// Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
				DefaultTransactionStatus status =
						newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
				status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
				return status;
			}
			else {
				// Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
				// Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
				// in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
				boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
				return newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
			}
		}

		// Assumably PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS or PROPAGATION_REQUIRED.
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Participating in existing transaction");
		}
		if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
			if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
				Integer currentIsolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
				if (currentIsolationLevel == null || currentIsolationLevel.intValue() != definition.getIsolationLevel()) {
					Constants isoConstants = DefaultTransactionDefinition.constants;
					throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
							definition + "] specifies isolation level which is incompatible with existing transaction: " +
							(currentIsolationLevel != null ?
									isoConstants.toCode(currentIsolationLevel, DefaultTransactionDefinition.PREFIX_ISOLATION) :
									"(unknown)"));
				}
			}
			if (!definition.isReadOnly()) {
				if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {
					throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
							definition + "] is not marked as read-only but existing transaction is");
				}
			}
		}
		boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
		return newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new TransactionStatus for the given arguments,
	 * initializing transaction synchronization as appropriate.
	 */
	protected DefaultTransactionStatus newTransactionStatus(
			TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean newTransaction,
			boolean newSynchronization, boolean debug, Object suspendedResources) {

		boolean actualNewSynchronization = newSynchronization &&
				!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive();
		if (actualNewSynchronization) {
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(transaction != null);
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(
					(definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) ?
							new Integer(definition.getIsolationLevel()) : null);
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(definition.isReadOnly());
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(definition.getName());
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
		}
		return new DefaultTransactionStatus(
				transaction, newTransaction, actualNewSynchronization,
				definition.isReadOnly(), debug, suspendedResources);
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the actual timeout to use for the given definition.
	 * Will fall back to this manager's default timeout if the
	 * transaction definition doesn't specify a non-default value.
	 * @param definition the transaction definition
	 * @return the actual timeout to use
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition#getTimeout()
	 * @see #setDefaultTimeout
	 */
	protected int determineTimeout(TransactionDefinition definition) {
		if (definition.getTimeout() != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
			return definition.getTimeout();
		}
		return this.defaultTimeout;
	}


	/**
	 * Suspend the given transaction. Suspends transaction synchronization first,
	 * then delegates to the <code>doSuspend template method.
	 * @param transaction the current transaction object
	 * (or <code>null to just suspend active synchronizations, if any)
	 * @return an object that holds suspended resources
	 * (or <code>null if neither transaction nor synchronization active)
	 * @see #doSuspend
	 * @see #resume
	 */
	protected final SuspendedResourcesHolder suspend(Object transaction) throws TransactionException {
		if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
			List suspendedSynchronizations = doSuspendSynchronization();
			try {
				Object suspendedResources = null;
				if (transaction != null) {
					suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
				}
				String name = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName();
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(null);
				boolean readOnly = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly();
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(false);
				Integer isolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(null);
				boolean wasActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive();
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(false);
				return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(
						suspendedResources, suspendedSynchronizations, name, readOnly, isolationLevel, wasActive);
			}
			catch (TransactionException ex) {
				// doSuspend failed - original transaction is still active...
				doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		else if (transaction != null) {
			// Transaction active but no synchronization active.
			Object suspendedResources = doSuspend(transaction);
			return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(suspendedResources);
		}
		else {
			// Neither transaction nor synchronization active.
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Resume the given transaction. Delegates to the <code>doResume
	 * template method first, then resuming transaction synchronization.
	 * @param transaction the current transaction object
	 * @param resourcesHolder the object that holds suspended resources,
	 * as returned by <code>suspend (or null to just
	 * resume synchronizations, if any)
	 * @see #doResume
	 * @see #suspend
	 */
	protected final void resume(Object transaction, SuspendedResourcesHolder resourcesHolder)
			throws TransactionException {

		if (resourcesHolder != null) {
			Object suspendedResources = resourcesHolder.suspendedResources;
			if (suspendedResources != null) {
				doResume(transaction, suspendedResources);
			}
			List suspendedSynchronizations = resourcesHolder.suspendedSynchronizations;
			if (suspendedSynchronizations != null) {
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(resourcesHolder.wasActive);
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(resourcesHolder.isolationLevel);
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(resourcesHolder.readOnly);
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(resourcesHolder.name);
				doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Suspend all current synchronizations and deactivate transaction
	 * synchronization for the current thread.
	 * @return the List of suspended TransactionSynchronization objects
	 */
	private List doSuspendSynchronization() {
		List suspendedSynchronizations = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
		for (Iterator it = suspendedSynchronizations.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
			((TransactionSynchronization) it.next()).suspend();
		}
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.clearSynchronization();
		return suspendedSynchronizations;
	}

	/**
	 * Reactivate transaction synchronization for the current thread
	 * and resume all given synchronizations.
	 * @param suspendedSynchronizations List of TransactionSynchronization objects
	 */
	private void doResumeSynchronization(List suspendedSynchronizations) {
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
		for (Iterator it = suspendedSynchronizations.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
			TransactionSynchronization synchronization = (TransactionSynchronization) it.next();
			synchronization.resume();
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(synchronization);
		}
	}


	/**
	 * This implementation of commit handles participating in existing
	 * transactions and programmatic rollback requests.
	 * Delegates to <code>isRollbackOnly, doCommit
	 * and <code>rollback.
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus#isRollbackOnly()
	 * @see #doCommit
	 * @see #rollback
	 */
	public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		if (status.isCompleted()) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
		}

		DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
		if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
			if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Transactional code has requested rollback");
			}
			processRollback(defStatus);
			return;
		}
		if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
			if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Global transaction is marked as rollback-only but transactional code requested commit");
			}
			processRollback(defStatus);
			// Throw UnexpectedRollbackException only at outermost transaction boundary
			// or if explicitly asked to.
			if (status.isNewTransaction() || isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
				throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
						"Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
			}
			return;
		}

		processCommit(defStatus);
	}

	/**
	 * Process an actual commit.
	 * Rollback-only flags have already been checked and applied.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of commit failure
	 */
	private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		try {
			boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;
			try {
				prepareForCommit(status);
				triggerBeforeCommit(status);
				triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				beforeCompletionInvoked = true;
				boolean globalRollbackOnly = false;
				if (status.isNewTransaction() || isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
					globalRollbackOnly = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
				}
				if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Releasing transaction savepoint");
					}
					status.releaseHeldSavepoint();
				}
				else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Initiating transaction commit");
					}
					doCommit(status);
				}
				// Throw UnexpectedRollbackException if we have a global rollback-only
				// marker but still didn't get a corresponding exception from commit.
				if (globalRollbackOnly) {
					throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
							"Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
				}
			}
			catch (UnexpectedRollbackException ex) {
				// can only be caused by doCommit
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (TransactionException ex) {
				// can only be caused by doCommit
				if (isRollbackOnCommitFailure()) {
					doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
				}
				else {
					triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
				}
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (RuntimeException ex) {
				if (!beforeCompletionInvoked) {
					triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				}
				doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (Error err) {
				if (!beforeCompletionInvoked) {
					triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				}
				doRollbackOnCommitException(status, err);
				throw err;
			}

			// Trigger afterCommit callbacks, with an exception thrown there
			// propagated to callers but the transaction still considered as committed.
			try {
				triggerAfterCommit(status);
			}
			finally {
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED);
			}

		}
		finally {
			cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * This implementation of rollback handles participating in existing
	 * transactions. Delegates to <code>doRollback and
	 * <code>doSetRollbackOnly.
	 * @see #doRollback
	 * @see #doSetRollbackOnly
	 */
	public final void rollback(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		if (status.isCompleted()) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
		}

		DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
		processRollback(defStatus);
	}

	/**
	 * Process an actual rollback.
	 * The completed flag has already been checked.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of rollback failure
	 */
	private void processRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		try {
			try {
				triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Rolling back transaction to savepoint");
					}
					status.rollbackToHeldSavepoint();
				}
				else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback");
					}
					doRollback(status);
				}
				else if (status.hasTransaction()) {
					if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly() || isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) {
						if (status.isDebug()) {
							logger.debug(
									"Participating transaction failed - marking existing transaction as rollback-only");
						}
						doSetRollbackOnly(status);
					}
					else {
						if (status.isDebug()) {
							logger.debug(
									"Participating transaction failed - letting transaction originator decide on rollback");
						}
					}
				}
				else {
					logger.debug("Should roll back transaction but cannot - no transaction available");
				}
			}
			catch (RuntimeException ex) {
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (Error err) {
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
				throw err;
			}
			triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);
		}
		finally {
			cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Invoke <code>doRollback, handling rollback exceptions properly.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @param ex the thrown application exception or error
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of rollback failure
	 * @see #doRollback
	 */
	private void doRollbackOnCommitException(DefaultTransactionStatus status, Throwable ex)
	    throws TransactionException {
		try {
			if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
				if (status.isDebug()) {
					logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback after commit exception", ex);
				}
				doRollback(status);
			}
			else if (status.hasTransaction() && isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) {
				if (status.isDebug()) {
					logger.debug("Marking existing transaction as rollback-only after commit exception", ex);
				}
				doSetRollbackOnly(status);
			}
		}
		catch (RuntimeException rbex) {
			logger.error("Commit exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
			triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
			throw rbex;
		}
		catch (Error rberr) {
			logger.error("Commit exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
			triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
			throw rberr;
		}
		triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);
	}


	/**
	 * Trigger <code>beforeCommit callbacks.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 */
	protected final void triggerBeforeCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			if (status.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Triggering beforeCommit synchronization");
			}
			TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerBeforeCommit(status.isReadOnly());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger <code>beforeCompletion callbacks.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 */
	protected final void triggerBeforeCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			if (status.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Triggering beforeCompletion synchronization");
			}
			TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerBeforeCompletion();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger <code>afterCommit callbacks.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 */
	private void triggerAfterCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			if (status.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Triggering afterCommit synchronization");
			}
			TransactionSynchronizationUtils.triggerAfterCommit();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger <code>afterCompletion callbacks.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @param completionStatus completion status according to TransactionSynchronization constants
	 */
	private void triggerAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status, int completionStatus) {
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			List synchronizations = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getSynchronizations();
			if (!status.hasTransaction() || status.isNewTransaction()) {
				if (status.isDebug()) {
					logger.debug("Triggering afterCompletion synchronization");
				}
				// No transaction or new transaction for the current scope ->
				// invoke the afterCompletion callbacks immediately
				invokeAfterCompletion(synchronizations, completionStatus);
			}
			else {
				// Existing transaction that we participate in, controlled outside
				// of the scope of this Spring transaction manager -> try to register
				// an afterCompletion callback with the existing (JTA) transaction.
				registerAfterCompletionWithExistingTransaction(status.getTransaction(), synchronizations);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Actually invoke the <code>afterCompletion methods of the
	 * given Spring TransactionSynchronization objects.
	 * <p>To be called by this abstract manager itself, or by special implementations
	 * of the <code>registerAfterCompletionWithExistingTransaction callback.
	 * @param synchronizations List of TransactionSynchronization objects
	 * @param completionStatus the completion status according to the
	 * constants in the TransactionSynchronization interface
	 * @see #registerAfterCompletionWithExistingTransaction(Object, java.util.List)
	 * @see TransactionSynchronization#STATUS_COMMITTED
	 * @see TransactionSynchronization#STATUS_ROLLED_BACK
	 * @see TransactionSynchronization#STATUS_UNKNOWN
	 */
	protected final void invokeAfterCompletion(List synchronizations, int completionStatus) {
		TransactionSynchronizationUtils.invokeAfterCompletion(synchronizations, completionStatus);
	}

	/**
	 * Clean up after completion, clearing synchronization if necessary,
	 * and invoking doCleanupAfterCompletion.
	 * @param status object representing the transaction
	 * @see #doCleanupAfterCompletion
	 */
	private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		status.setCompleted();
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.clear();
		}
		if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
			doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
		}
		if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
			if (status.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Resuming suspended transaction");
			}
			resume(status.getTransaction(), (SuspendedResourcesHolder) status.getSuspendedResources());
		}
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Template methods to be implemented in subclasses
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Return a transaction object for the current transaction state.
	 * <p>The returned object will usually be specific to the concrete transaction
	 * manager implementation, carrying corresponding transaction state in a
	 * modifiable fashion. This object will be passed into the other template
	 * methods (e.g. doBegin and doCommit), either directly or as part of a
	 * DefaultTransactionStatus instance.
	 * <p>The returned object should contain information about any existing
	 * transaction, that is, a transaction that has already started before the
	 * current <code>getTransaction call on the transaction manager.
	 * Consequently, a <code>doGetTransaction implementation will usually
	 * look for an existing transaction and store corresponding state in the
	 * returned transaction object.
	 * @return the current transaction object
	 * @throws org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException
	 * if transaction support is not available
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of lookup or system errors
	 * @see #doBegin
	 * @see #doCommit
	 * @see #doRollback
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#getTransaction
	 */
	protected abstract Object doGetTransaction() throws TransactionException;

	/**
	 * Check if the given transaction object indicates an existing transaction
	 * (that is, a transaction which has already started).
	 * <p>The result will be evaluated according to the specified propagation
	 * behavior for the new transaction. An existing transaction might get
	 * suspended (in case of PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW), or the new transaction
	 * might participate in the existing one (in case of PROPAGATION_REQUIRED).
	 * <p>The default implementation returns false, assuming that
	 * participating in existing transactions is generally not supported.
	 * Subclasses are of course encouraged to provide such support.
	 * @param transaction transaction object returned by doGetTransaction
	 * @return if there is an existing transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of system errors
	 * @see #doGetTransaction
	 */
	protected boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction) throws TransactionException {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to use a savepoint for a nested transaction.
	 * <p>Default is true, which causes delegation to DefaultTransactionStatus
	 * for creating and holding a savepoint. If the transaction object does not implement
	 * the SavepointManager interface, a NestedTransactionNotSupportedException will be
	 * thrown. Else, the SavepointManager will be asked to create a new savepoint to
	 * demarcate the start of the nested transaction.
	 * <p>Subclasses can override this to return false, causing a further
	 * call to <code>doBegin - within the context of an already existing transaction.
	 * The <code>doBegin implementation needs to handle this accordingly in such
	 * a scenario. This is appropriate for JTA, for example.
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#createAndHoldSavepoint
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#rollbackToHeldSavepoint
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#releaseHeldSavepoint
	 * @see #doBegin
	 */
	protected boolean useSavepointForNestedTransaction() {
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Begin a new transaction with semantics according to the given transaction
	 * definition. Does not have to care about applying the propagation behavior,
	 * as this has already been handled by this abstract manager.
	 * <p>This method gets called when the transaction manager has decided to actually
	 * start a new transaction. Either there wasn't any transaction before, or the
	 * previous transaction has been suspended.
	 * <p>A special scenario is a nested transaction without savepoint: If
	 * <code>useSavepointForNestedTransaction() returns "false", this method
	 * will be called to start a nested transaction when necessary. In such a context,
	 * there will be an active transaction: The implementation of this method has
	 * to detect this and start an appropriate nested transaction.
	 * @param transaction transaction object returned by <code>doGetTransaction
	 * @param definition TransactionDefinition instance, describing propagation
	 * behavior, isolation level, read-only flag, timeout, and transaction name
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of creation or system errors
	 */
	protected abstract void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition)
	    throws TransactionException;

	/**
	 * Suspend the resources of the current transaction.
	 * Transaction synchronization will already have been suspended.
	 * <p>The default implementation throws a TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException,
	 * assuming that transaction suspension is generally not supported.
	 * @param transaction transaction object returned by <code>doGetTransaction
	 * @return an object that holds suspended resources
	 * (will be kept unexamined for passing it into doResume)
	 * @throws org.springframework.transaction.TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException
	 * if suspending is not supported by the transaction manager implementation
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of system errors
	 * @see #doResume
	 */
	protected Object doSuspend(Object transaction) throws TransactionException {
		throw new TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException(
				"Transaction manager [" + getClass().getName() + "] does not support transaction suspension");
	}

	/**
	 * Resume the resources of the current transaction.
	 * Transaction synchronization will be resumed afterwards.
	 * <p>The default implementation throws a TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException,
	 * assuming that transaction suspension is generally not supported.
	 * @param transaction transaction object returned by <code>doGetTransaction
	 * @param suspendedResources the object that holds suspended resources,
	 * as returned by doSuspend
	 * @throws org.springframework.transaction.TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException
	 * if resuming is not supported by the transaction manager implementation
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of system errors
	 * @see #doSuspend
	 */
	protected void doResume(Object transaction, Object suspendedResources) throws TransactionException {
		throw new TransactionSuspensionNotSupportedException(
				"Transaction manager [" + getClass().getName() + "] does not support transaction suspension");
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether to call <code>doCommit on a transaction that has been
	 * marked as rollback-only in a global fashion.
	 * <p>Does not apply if an application locally sets the transaction to rollback-only
	 * via the TransactionStatus, but only to the transaction itself being marked as
	 * rollback-only by the transaction coordinator.
	 * <p>Default is "false": Local transaction strategies usually don't hold the rollback-only
	 * marker in the transaction itself, therefore they can't handle rollback-only transactions
	 * as part of transaction commit. Hence, AbstractPlatformTransactionManager will trigger
	 * a rollback in that case, throwing an UnexpectedRollbackException afterwards.
	 * <p>Override this to return "true" if the concrete transaction manager expects a
	 * <code>doCommit call even for a rollback-only transaction, allowing for
	 * special handling there. This will, for example, be the case for JTA, where
	 * <code>UserTransaction.commit will check the read-only flag itself and
	 * throw a corresponding RollbackException, which might include the specific reason
	 * (such as a transaction timeout).
	 * <p>If this method returns "true" but the doCommit implementation does not
	 * throw an exception, this transaction manager will throw an UnexpectedRollbackException
	 * itself. This should not be the typical case; it is mainly checked to cover misbehaving
	 * JTA providers that silently roll back even when the rollback has not been requested
	 * by the calling code.
	 * @see #doCommit
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#isGlobalRollbackOnly()
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#isLocalRollbackOnly()
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus#setRollbackOnly()
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.UnexpectedRollbackException
	 * @see javax.transaction.UserTransaction#commit()
	 * @see javax.transaction.RollbackException
	 */
	protected boolean shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Make preparations for commit, to be performed before the
	 * <code>beforeCommit synchronization callbacks occur.
	 * <p>Note that exceptions will get propagated to the commit caller
	 * and cause a rollback of the transaction.
	 * @param status the status representation of the transaction
	 * @throws RuntimeException in case of errors; will be <b>propagated to the caller
	 * (note: do not throw TransactionException subclasses here!)
	 */
	protected void prepareForCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
	}

	/**
	 * Perform an actual commit of the given transaction.
	 * <p>An implementation does not need to check the "new transaction" flag
	 * or the rollback-only flag; this will already have been handled before.
	 * Usually, a straight commit will be performed on the transaction object
	 * contained in the passed-in status.
	 * @param status the status representation of the transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of commit or system errors
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#getTransaction
	 */
	protected abstract void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException;

	/**
	 * Perform an actual rollback of the given transaction.
	 * <p>An implementation does not need to check the "new transaction" flag;
	 * this will already have been handled before. Usually, a straight rollback
	 * will be performed on the transaction object contained in the passed-in status.
	 * @param status the status representation of the transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of system errors
	 * @see DefaultTransactionStatus#getTransaction
	 */
	protected abstract void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException;

	/**
	 * Set the given transaction rollback-only. Only called on rollback
	 * if the current transaction participates in an existing one.
	 * <p>The default implementation throws an IllegalTransactionStateException,
	 * assuming that participating in existing transactions is generally not
	 * supported. Subclasses are of course encouraged to provide such support.
	 * @param status the status representation of the transaction
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of system errors
	 */
	protected void doSetRollbackOnly(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
				"Participating in existing transactions is not supported - when 'isExistingTransaction' " +
				"returns true, appropriate 'doSetRollbackOnly' behavior must be provided");
	}

	/**
	 * Register the given list of transaction synchronizations with the existing transaction.
	 * <p>Invoked when the control of the Spring transaction manager and thus all Spring
	 * transaction synchronizations end, without the transaction being completed yet. This
	 * is for example the case when participating in an existing JTA or EJB CMT transaction.
	 * <p>The default implementation simply invokes the afterCompletion methods
	 * immediately, passing in "STATUS_UNKNOWN". This is the best we can do if there's no
	 * chance to determine the actual outcome of the outer transaction.
	 * @param transaction transaction object returned by <code>doGetTransaction
	 * @param synchronizations List of TransactionSynchronization objects
	 * @throws TransactionException in case of system errors
	 * @see #invokeAfterCompletion(java.util.List, int)
	 * @see TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)
	 * @see TransactionSynchronization#STATUS_UNKNOWN
	 */
	protected void registerAfterCompletionWithExistingTransaction(Object transaction, List synchronizations)
			throws TransactionException {

		logger.debug("Cannot register Spring after-completion synchronization with existing transaction - " +
				"processing Spring after-completion callbacks immediately, with outcome status 'unknown'");
		invokeAfterCompletion(synchronizations, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
	}

	/**
	 * Cleanup resources after transaction completion.
	 * <p>Called after doCommit and doRollback execution,
	 * on any outcome. The default implementation does nothing.
	 * <p>Should not throw any exceptions but just issue warnings on errors.
	 * @param transaction transaction object returned by <code>doGetTransaction
	 */
	protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) {
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Serialization support
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		// Rely on default serialization; just initialize state after deserialization.
		ois.defaultReadObject();

		// Initialize transient fields.
		this.logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
	}


	/**
	 * Holder for suspended resources.
	 * Used internally by <code>suspend and resume.
	 */
	protected static class SuspendedResourcesHolder {

		private final Object suspendedResources;
		private List suspendedSynchronizations;
		private String name;
		private boolean readOnly;
		private Integer isolationLevel;
		private boolean wasActive;

		private SuspendedResourcesHolder(Object suspendedResources) {
			this.suspendedResources = suspendedResources;
		}

		private SuspendedResourcesHolder(
				Object suspendedResources, List suspendedSynchronizations,
				String name, boolean readOnly, Integer isolationLevel, boolean wasActive) {
			this.suspendedResources = suspendedResources;
			this.suspendedSynchronizations = suspendedSynchronizations;
			this.name = name;
			this.readOnly = readOnly;
			this.isolationLevel = isolationLevel;
			this.wasActive = wasActive;
		}
	}

}

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